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+\documentclass{projdoc}
+\input{meta.tex}
+
+\title{Research document}
+
+\begin{document}
+\tablestables
+\newpage
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+\section{Game engine}
+
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+To build a game engine, it must first be understood how it operates. The
+functionalities it requires and how these functionalities work together must be
+determined. In this section, the general functioning of a game engine and the
+different parts required are described.
+
+\subsection{Findings}
+
+A game engine is not the game itself but a platform with which games are built. It
+should provide the functionalities with which the game is constructed. The purpose of
+a game engine is not to create data out of nothing. Instead, data is read, and the
+correlating features and effects are generated. However, the engine is also used to
+create these files, referred to as ``assets.'' The game engine must be able to accept
+a certain format of these assets---whether levels, sprites, or textures---and convert
+them into usable data.
+
+\subsubsection{Layers}
+
+A game engine is composed of multiple layers, each with its own functions. These
+layers are divided into the following categories:\noparbreak
+\begin{description}
+	\item[Resource manager] Responsible for what happens when the engine is launched,
+		including loading data formats.
+	\item[Application] Manages the run loop, time, code execution, and events
+		(e.g.~input events).
+	\item[Window/\glspl{hid}] Handles input and events.
+	\item[Renderer] Responsible for drawing the necessary objects on the screen,
+		usually once per frame.
+	\item[Debugging support] Provides testing for the engine, such as logging or
+		performance profiling.
+	\item[Scripting layer] Runs scripts, such as Lua or Python.
+	\item[Memory systems] Handles and monitors memory usage.
+	\item[\gls{ecs}] Provides a modular way to create game objects, add physics, and
+		define how the engine interacts with objects.
+	\item[Physics] Adds specific physics to objects.
+	\item[Audio] Processes audio.
+	\item[AI] Provides artificial inteligent behavior.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsubsection{ECS}
+
+A game engine must have the ability to keep track and update several game objects. To
+do this most game engines employ an \gls{ecs} model which uses modulair components to
+give entities properties and features. The need for an entity component system arises
+because multiple game objects are required to create a scene in a game. These game
+objects exist within the scene and perform actions, such as a UI display for a score.
+This game object does not need to be rendered; it could be a script running in the
+background. It could also be a player sprite that is controlled. These entities need
+to be aware of other entities, for example, during collisions. For this to function,
+a scene is required to host all game objects. Within this scene, the game objects
+must be stored efficiently, and entities must be provided with the required behavior,
+such as audio, position, or physics. To create diverse entities with specific
+functions: A scene can contain many different kinds of entities, each with different
+properties and functions. But no matter how different each entity is, it remains an
+entity. To assign properties and functions to entities, components are used. Entt is
+an example of an \gls{ecs}.
+% TODO: ref?entt
+
+\subsection{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Third-party Tools}
+
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+Developing a game engine from scratch requires a significant amount of time, as many
+different features are necessary. Fortunately, some of these features have already
+been developed and can be reused in the form of frameworks and third-party
+tools/libraries. The decision to use third-party libraries, and the selection of
+which ones to use, directly influences the development process of the game engine. In
+this section, several third-party frameworks and tools available for use are
+described.
+
+\subsection{Findings}
+
+\subsubsection{Media Frameworks}
+
+A game engine must have the ability to handle user input, render graphics, and
+process audio. Several large frameworks are available that provide these features and
+are already widely used by other game engines. The two most popular and
+best-supported options are \gls{sdl2} and \gls{sfml}.
+
+\paragraph{SDL2}
+
+% TODO: ref?sdl2
+According to its official website, \gls{sdl2} is \emph{``a cross-platform development
+library designed to provide low-level access to audio, keyboard, mouse, joystick, and
+graphics hardware via \gls{opengl} and \gls{d3d}. It is used by video playback
+software, emulators, and popular games, including Valve's award-winning catalog and
+many Humble Bundle games.''} \gls{sdl2} is written in the C programming language, and
+therefore, structs and functions are used instead of objects and methods.
+
+The advantages of \gls{sdl2} are:\noparbreak
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Controller support is provided.
+	\item 2D and 3D rendering are supported.
+	\item Broad multiplatform support is offered, including older consoles such as the
+		Wii.
+	\item Low-level control is available.
+	\item A large community ensures wide usage.
+	\item Extended libraries can be used to add functionalities, such as SDL\_Mixer for
+		sound.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The disadvantages of \gls{sdl2} are:\noparbreak
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item A limited built-in 2D renderer is provided.
+	\item Extended libraries require setup.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\paragraph{SFML}
+
+\gls{sfml} is a simple framework consisting of five modules: audio, graphics,
+network, system, and window. This framework, written in C++, was designed to simplify
+game development.
+
+The advantages of \gls{sfml} are:
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Object-oriented design is provided since it is written in C++.
+	\item A built-in 2D renderer is available for ease of use.
+	\item A built-in audio system is included.
+	\item Cross-platform support is available for Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+	\item Networking capabilities are provided for multiplayer or networked
+		applications.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The disadvantages of \gls{sfml} are:
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item The 2D rendering engine may experience performance issues in large-scale
+		games.
+	\item The community is smaller compared to \gls{sdl2}.
+	\item No native 3D support is provided.
+	\item Not all image formats are supported.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{Audio}
+
+for audio some options could be: FMOD, Wwise, or iirKlang
+
+\subsection{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Gameloop/resource manager}
+
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+\subsection{Findings}
+
+\subsection{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Rendering}
+
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+\subsection{Findings}
+
+\subsection{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Event manager}
+
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+\subsection{Findings}
+
+\subsection{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Memory/debugging}
+
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+\subsection{Findings}
+
+\subsection{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Physics/scripting}
+
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+\subsection{Findings}
+
+\subsection{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Gameobjects/components}
+
+\subsection{Introduction}
+
+\subsection{Findings}
+
+\subsection{Conclusion}
+
+\section{Conclusion}
+
+\end{document}