17 files changed, 339 insertions, 68 deletions

diff --git a/src/crepe/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/CMakeLists.txt
index 7e176e7..df15b8f 100644
--- a/src/crepe/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	ComponentManager.cpp
 	Component.cpp
 	Collider.cpp
+	Resource.cpp
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	Collider.h
 	ValueBroker.h
 	ValueBroker.hpp
+	Resource.h
 )
 
 add_subdirectory(api)
diff --git a/src/crepe/Component.h b/src/crepe/Component.h
index dc17721..67bcc68 100644
--- a/src/crepe/Component.h
+++ b/src/crepe/Component.h
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ class Component {
 public:
 	//! Whether the component is active
 	bool active = true;
-	//! The id of the GameObject this component belongs to
+	/**
+	 * \brief The id of the GameObject this component belongs to
+	 *
+	 * \note Only systems are supposed to use this member, but since friend
+	 * relations aren't inherited this needs to be public.
+	 */
 	const game_object_id_t game_object_id;
 
 protected:
@@ -24,7 +29,7 @@ protected:
 	 * \param id The id of the GameObject this component belongs to
 	 */
 	Component(game_object_id_t id);
-	//! Only the ComponentManager can create components
+	//! Only ComponentManager can create components
 	friend class ComponentManager;
 
 	Component(const Component &) = delete;
@@ -45,6 +50,8 @@ public:
 	 * \return The maximum number of instances for this component
 	 */
 	virtual int get_instances_max() const { return -1; }
+	//! Only ComponentManager needs to know the max instance count
+	friend class ComponentManager;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/Resource.cpp b/src/crepe/Resource.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e254695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/Resource.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#include "Resource.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+Resource::Resource(const Asset & asset) { }
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/Resource.h b/src/crepe/Resource.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0c8859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/Resource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class ResourceManager;
+class Asset;
+
+/**
+ * Resource is an interface class used to represent a (deserialized) game
+ * resource (e.g. textures, sounds).
+ */
+class Resource {
+public:
+	Resource(const Asset & src);
+	virtual ~Resource() = default;
+
+private:
+	/**
+	 * The resource manager uses \c clone to create new instances of the concrete
+	 * resource class. This may be used to inherit references to classes that
+	 * would otherwise need to be implemented as singletons.
+	 */
+	friend class ResourceManager;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.cpp b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 3925758..0000000
--- a/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#include "util/Log.h"
-
-#include "AssetManager.h"
-
-using namespace crepe;
-
-AssetManager & AssetManager::get_instance() {
-	static AssetManager instance;
-	return instance;
-}
-
-AssetManager::~AssetManager() {
-	dbg_trace();
-	this->asset_cache.clear();
-}
-
-AssetManager::AssetManager() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.cpp b/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4baac9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "AudioSource.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace std;
+
+AudioSource::AudioSource(game_object_id_t id, const Asset & src) :
+	Component(id),
+	source(src)
+{ }
+
+void AudioSource::play(bool looping) {
+	this->loop = looping;
+	this->playing = true;
+}
+
+void AudioSource::stop() {
+	this->playing = false;
+	this->rewind = true;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.h b/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1264790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../Component.h"
+#include "../types.h"
+
+#include "Asset.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class AudioSystem;
+
+//! Audio source component
+class AudioSource : public Component {
+	//! AudioSource components are handled by AudioSystem
+	friend class AudioSystem;
+
+protected:
+	AudioSource(game_object_id_t id, const Asset & source);
+	//! Only ComponentManager can create components
+	friend class ComponentManager;
+public:
+	// But std::unique_ptr needs to be able to destoy this component again
+	virtual ~AudioSource() = default;
+
+public:
+	//! Start or resume this audio source
+	void play(bool looping = false);
+	//! Stop this audio source
+	void stop();
+
+public:
+	//! Play when this component becomes active
+	bool play_on_awake = false;
+	//! Repeat the current audio clip during playback
+	bool loop = false;
+	//! Normalized volume (0.0 - 1.0)
+	float volume = 1.0;
+
+private:
+	//! This audio source's clip
+	const Asset source;
+
+	//! If this source is playing audio
+	bool playing = false;
+	//! Rewind the sample location
+	bool rewind = false;
+
+private:
+	//! Value of \c active after last system update
+	bool last_active = false;
+	//! Value of \c playing after last system update
+	bool last_playing = false;
+	//! Value of \c volume after last system update
+	float last_volume = 1.0;
+	//! Value of \c loop after last system update
+	bool last_loop = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
index 50c51ed..a2e21fa 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
-	# AudioSource.cpp
+	AudioSource.cpp
 	BehaviorScript.cpp
 	GameObject.cpp
 	Rigidbody.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	Transform.cpp
 	Color.cpp
 	Texture.cpp
-	AssetManager.cpp
+	ResourceManager.cpp
 	Sprite.cpp
 	SaveManager.cpp
 	Config.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
-	# AudioSource.h
+	AudioSource.h
 	BehaviorScript.h
 	Config.h
 	Script.h
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	Vector2.hpp
 	Color.h
 	Texture.h 
-	AssetManager.h 
-	AssetManager.hpp
+	ResourceManager.h 
 	SaveManager.h
 	Scene.h
 	Metadata.h
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/ResourceManager.cpp b/src/crepe/api/ResourceManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7877ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/ResourceManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include "util/Log.h"
+
+#include "ResourceManager.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace std;
+
+ResourceManager & ResourceManager::get_instance() {
+	static ResourceManager instance;
+	return instance;
+}
+
+ResourceManager::~ResourceManager() { dbg_trace(); }
+ResourceManager::ResourceManager() { dbg_trace(); }
+
+void ResourceManager::clear() {
+	this->resources.clear();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T & ResourceManager::cache(const Asset & asset) {
+	dbg_trace();
+	static_assert(is_base_of<Resource, T>::value, "cache must recieve a derivative class of Resource");
+
+	if (!this->resources.contains(asset))
+		this->resources[asset] = make_unique<T>(asset);
+
+	Resource * resource = this->resources.at(asset).get();
+	T * concrete_resource = dynamic_cast<T *>(resource);
+
+	if (concrete_resource == nullptr)
+		throw runtime_error(format("ResourceManager: mismatch between requested type and actual type of resource ({})", asset.get_path()));
+
+	return *concrete_resource;
+}
+
+#include "../facade/Sound.h"
+template Sound & ResourceManager::cache(const Asset &);
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/ResourceManager.h b/src/crepe/api/ResourceManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efdd5c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/ResourceManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "Asset.h"
+#include "Resource.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class Sound;
+
+/**
+ * \brief The ResourceManager is responsible for storing and managing assets over
+ * multiple scenes.
+ * 
+ * The ResourceManager ensures that assets are loaded once and can be accessed
+ * across different scenes. It caches assets to avoid reloading them every time
+ * a scene is loaded. Assets are retained in memory until the ResourceManager is
+ * destroyed, at which point the cached assets are cleared.
+ */
+class ResourceManager {
+
+private:
+	//! A cache that holds all the assets, accessible by their file path, over multiple scenes.
+	std::unordered_map<const Asset, std::unique_ptr<Resource>> resources;
+
+private:
+	ResourceManager(); // dbg_trace
+	virtual ~ResourceManager(); // dbg_trace
+
+	ResourceManager(const ResourceManager &) = delete;
+	ResourceManager(ResourceManager &&) = delete;
+	ResourceManager & operator=(const ResourceManager &) = delete;
+	ResourceManager & operator=(ResourceManager &&) = delete;
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Retrieves the singleton instance of the ResourceManager.
+	 *
+	 * \return A reference to the single instance of the ResourceManager.
+	 */
+	static ResourceManager & get_instance();
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Caches an asset by loading it from the given file path.
+	 *
+	 * \param file_path The path to the asset file to load.
+	 * \param reload If true, the asset will be reloaded from the file, even if
+	 * it is already cached.
+	 * \tparam T The type of asset to cache (e.g., texture, sound, etc.).
+	 * 
+	 * \return A reference to the resource
+	 * 
+	 * This template function caches the asset at the given file path. If the
+	 * asset is already cached, the existing instance will be returned.
+	 * Otherwise, the concrete resource will be instantiated and added to the
+	 * cache.
+	 */
+	template <typename T>
+	T & cache(const Asset & asset);
+
+	//! Clear the resource cache
+	void clear();
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/Sound.cpp b/src/crepe/facade/Sound.cpp
index 4d3abf5..52496af 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/Sound.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/Sound.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "../api/Asset.h"
 #include "../util/Log.h"
 
 #include "Sound.h"
@@ -6,20 +7,13 @@
 using namespace crepe;
 using namespace std;
 
-Sound::Sound(unique_ptr<Asset> res) {
+Sound::Sound(const Asset & src) : Resource(src) {
+	this->sample.load(src.get_path().c_str());
 	dbg_trace();
-	this->load(std::move(res));
 }
+Sound::~Sound() { dbg_trace(); }
 
-Sound::Sound(const char * src) {
-	dbg_trace();
-	this->load(make_unique<Asset>(src));
-}
-
-void Sound::load(unique_ptr<Asset> res) { this->sample.load(res->get_path().c_str()); }
-
-void Sound::play() {
-	SoundContext & ctx = SoundContext::get_instance();
+void Sound::play(SoundContext & ctx) {
 	if (ctx.engine.getPause(this->handle)) {
 		// resume if paused
 		ctx.engine.setPause(this->handle, false);
@@ -30,30 +24,25 @@ void Sound::play() {
 	}
 }
 
-void Sound::pause() {
-	SoundContext & ctx = SoundContext::get_instance();
+void Sound::pause(SoundContext & ctx) {
 	if (ctx.engine.getPause(this->handle)) return;
 	ctx.engine.setPause(this->handle, true);
 }
 
-void Sound::rewind() {
-	SoundContext & ctx = SoundContext::get_instance();
+void Sound::rewind(SoundContext & ctx) {
 	if (!ctx.engine.isValidVoiceHandle(this->handle)) return;
 	ctx.engine.seek(this->handle, 0);
 }
 
-void Sound::set_volume(float volume) {
+void Sound::set_volume(SoundContext & ctx, float volume) {
 	this->volume = volume;
-
-	SoundContext & ctx = SoundContext::get_instance();
 	if (!ctx.engine.isValidVoiceHandle(this->handle)) return;
 	ctx.engine.setVolume(this->handle, this->volume);
 }
 
-void Sound::set_looping(bool looping) {
+void Sound::set_looping(SoundContext & ctx, bool looping) {
 	this->looping = looping;
-
-	SoundContext & ctx = SoundContext::get_instance();
 	if (!ctx.engine.isValidVoiceHandle(this->handle)) return;
 	ctx.engine.setLooping(this->handle, this->looping);
 }
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/Sound.h b/src/crepe/facade/Sound.h
index 4c68f32..b0b80f8 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/Sound.h
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/Sound.h
@@ -1,28 +1,31 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
 #include <soloud/soloud.h>
 #include <soloud/soloud_wav.h>
 
-#include "../api/Asset.h"
+#include "../Resource.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
 
+class SoundContext;
+
 /**
  * \brief Sound resource facade
  *
  * This class is a wrapper around a \c SoLoud::Wav instance, which holds a
  * single sample. It is part of the sound facade.
  */
-class Sound {
+class Sound : public Resource {
 public:
+	Sound(const Asset & src);
+	~Sound(); // dbg_trace
 	/**
 	 * \brief Pause this sample
 	 *
 	 * Pauses this sound if it is playing, or does nothing if it is already paused. The playhead
 	 * position is saved, such that calling \c play() after this function makes the sound resume.
 	 */
-	void pause();
+	void pause(SoundContext & ctx);
 	/**
 	 * \brief Play this sample
 	 *
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ public:
 	 * \c play() while the sound is already playing causes multiple instances of the sample to
 	 * play simultaniously. The sample started last is the one that is controlled afterwards.
 	 */
-	void play();
+	void play(SoundContext & ctx);
 	/**
 	 * \brief Reset playhead position
 	 * 
@@ -40,13 +43,13 @@ public:
 	 * from the start of the sample. If the sound is not paused before calling this function,
 	 * this function will stop playback.
 	 */
-	void rewind();
+	void rewind(SoundContext & ctx);
 	/**
 	 * \brief Set playback volume / gain
 	 *
 	 * \param volume  Volume (0 = muted, 1 = full volume)
 	 */
-	void set_volume(float volume);
+	void set_volume(SoundContext & ctx, float volume);
 	/**
 	 * \brief Get playback volume / gain
 	 *
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ public:
 	 *
 	 * \param looping  Looping behavior (false = one-shot, true = loop)
 	 */
-	void set_looping(bool looping);
+	void set_looping(SoundContext & ctx, bool looping);
 	/**
 	 * \brief Get looping behavior
 	 *
@@ -66,13 +69,6 @@ public:
 	 */
 	bool get_looping() const { return this->looping; }
 
-public:
-	Sound(const char * src);
-	Sound(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
-
-private:
-	void load(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
-
 private:
 	SoLoud::Wav sample;
 	SoLoud::handle handle;
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/SoundContext.cpp b/src/crepe/facade/SoundContext.cpp
index deb2b62..b65dfb2 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/SoundContext.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/SoundContext.cpp
@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@
 
 using namespace crepe;
 
-SoundContext & SoundContext::get_instance() {
-	static SoundContext instance;
-	return instance;
-}
-
 SoundContext::SoundContext() {
 	dbg_trace();
 	engine.init();
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/SoundContext.h b/src/crepe/facade/SoundContext.h
index d703c16..d22ff7a 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/SoundContext.h
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/SoundContext.h
@@ -13,18 +13,18 @@ namespace crepe {
  * the methods for playing \c Sound instances. It is part of the sound facade.
  */
 class SoundContext {
-private:
-	// singleton
+public:
 	SoundContext();
 	virtual ~SoundContext();
+
 	SoundContext(const SoundContext &) = delete;
 	SoundContext(SoundContext &&) = delete;
 	SoundContext & operator=(const SoundContext &) = delete;
 	SoundContext & operator=(SoundContext &&) = delete;
 
 private:
-	static SoundContext & get_instance();
 	SoLoud::Soloud engine;
+	//! Sound directly calls methods on \c engine
 	friend class Sound;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/AudioSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/system/AudioSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7ac1f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/system/AudioSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "AudioSystem.h"
+#include "ComponentManager.h"
+
+#include "../api/AudioSource.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace std;
+
+void AudioSystem::update() {
+	ComponentManager & mgr = this->component_manager;
+	vector<reference_wrapper<AudioSource>> components = mgr.get_components_by_type<AudioSource>();
+
+	for (auto component_ref : components) {
+		AudioSource & component = component_ref.get();
+		if (!component.active) continue;
+
+		/**
+		 * How this is supposed to work:
+		 * - Get an instance of Sound for this resource/component combo (Sound
+		 *   instance is supposed to be unique per component, even if they use the
+		 *   same underlying asset).
+		 * OR
+		 * - Use the same instance of Sound if this is what the cache returns
+		 *   (= what the game programmer's wishes to do).
+		 *
+		 * NOT supposed to happen but still the case:
+		 * - Below function call causes assets to be cached unintentionally
+		 * - Cached assets are deleted at the end of a scene (i think?)
+		 * - I'm not sure if the ResourceManager is even supposed to have a public
+		 *   `.clear()` method since the control over resource lifetime is
+		 *   explicitly handed over to the game programmer by using ResourceManager
+		 *   to cache/uncache. I believe the proper methods are supposed to be:
+		 *
+		 *   - get()       get a reference to resource (used here)
+		 *   - clear()     clears NON-cached assets
+		 *   - cache()     marks asset as "do not delete at end of scene"
+		 *   - uncache()   undoes the above
+		 *
+		 *   I think somewhere in the above function calls a unique identifier for
+		 *   the Asset/GameObject should be given to make sure the unique instance
+		 *   shit works as intended. The resource manager is also used for things
+		 *   other than sounds.
+		 *
+		 * Also need to check:
+		 * - Is it an issue if there are multiple AudioSource components playing
+		 *   the same sample (= identical Asset), while they are all triggered
+		 *   using the same underlying instance of Sound (esp. w/
+		 *   play/pause/retrigger behavior).
+		 */
+		Sound & sound = this->resman.cache<Sound>(component.source);
+
+		// TODO: lots of state diffing
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/AudioSystem.h b/src/crepe/system/AudioSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0b4f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/system/AudioSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../facade/SoundContext.h"
+#include "../api/ResourceManager.h"
+
+#include "System.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class AudioSystem : public System {
+public:
+	using System::System;
+	void update() override;
+
+private:
+	SoundContext context {};
+	ResourceManager & resman = ResourceManager::get_instance();
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
index d658b25..f507b90 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	PhysicsSystem.cpp
 	CollisionSystem.cpp
 	RenderSystem.cpp
+	AudioSystem.cpp
 	AnimatorSystem.cpp
 )
 
@@ -14,5 +15,6 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	PhysicsSystem.h
 	CollisionSystem.h
 	RenderSystem.h
+	AudioSystem.h
 	AnimatorSystem.h
 )