17 files changed, 479 insertions, 38 deletions

diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b396af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "Animator.h"
+#include "Component.h"
+#include "Sprite.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+Animator::Animator(uint32_t id, Sprite & ss, int row, int col, int col_animator)
+	: Component(id), spritesheet(ss), row(row), col(col) {
+	dbg_trace();
+
+	animator_rect = spritesheet.sprite_rect;
+	animator_rect.h /= col;
+	animator_rect.w /= row;
+	animator_rect.x = 0;
+	animator_rect.y = col_animator * animator_rect.h;
+	this->active = false;
+}
+Animator::~Animator() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Animator.h b/src/crepe/api/Animator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..def0240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Animator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "Component.h"
+#include "Sprite.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+class AnimatorSystem;
+class SDLContext;
+
+/**
+ * \brief The Animator component is used to animate sprites by managing the movement
+ *        and frame changes within a sprite sheet.
+ *
+ * This component allows for controlling sprite animation through rows and columns of a sprite sheet.
+ * It can be used to play animations, loop them, or stop them.
+ */
+class Animator : public Component {
+
+public:
+	//TODO: need to implement this
+	void loop();
+	void stop();
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs an Animator object that will control animations for a sprite sheet.
+	 *
+	 * \param id The unique identifier for the component, typically assigned automatically.
+	 * \param spritesheet A reference to the Sprite object which holds the sprite sheet for animation.
+	 * \param row The maximum number of rows in the sprite sheet.
+	 * \param col The maximum number of columns in the sprite sheet.
+	 * \param col__animate The specific col index of the sprite sheet to animate. This allows selecting which col to animate from multiple col in the sheet.
+	 *
+	 * This constructor sets up the Animator with the given parameters, and initializes the animation system.
+	 */
+	Animator(uint32_t id, Sprite & spritesheet, int row, int col,
+			 int col_animate);
+
+	~Animator(); // dbg_trace
+	Animator(const Animator &) = delete;
+	Animator(Animator &&) = delete;
+	Animator & operator=(const Animator &) = delete;
+	Animator & operator=(Animator &&) = delete;
+
+private:
+	//! A reference to the Sprite sheet containing the animation frames.
+	Sprite & spritesheet;
+
+	//! The maximum number of columns in the sprite sheet.
+	const int col;
+
+	//! The maximum number of rows in the sprite sheet.
+	const int row;
+
+	//! The current col being animated.
+	int curr_col = 0;
+
+	//! The current row being animated.
+	int curr_row = 0;
+
+	Rect animator_rect;
+
+	//TODO: Is this necessary?
+	//int fps;
+
+private:
+	//! AnimatorSystem adjust the private member parameters of Animator;
+	friend class AnimatorSystem;
+
+	//! SDLContext reads the Animator member var's
+	friend class SDLContext;
+};
+} // namespace crepe
+//
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
index 3b20142..87cbb09 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	Scene.cpp
 	SceneManager.cpp
 	Vector2.cpp
+	Camera.cpp
+	Animator.cpp
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
@@ -38,4 +40,6 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	Metadata.h
 	SceneManager.h
 	SceneManager.hpp
+	Camera.h
+	Animator.h
 )
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..820a6a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "Camera.h"
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "Component.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+Camera::Camera(uint32_t id, const Color & bg_color)
+	: Component(id), bg_color(bg_color) {
+	dbg_trace();
+}
+
+Camera::~Camera() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Camera.h b/src/crepe/api/Camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba3a9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "Component.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+/**
+ * \class Camera
+ * \brief Represents a camera component for rendering in the game.
+ *
+ * The Camera class defines the view parameters, including background color, 
+ * aspect ratio, position, and zoom level. It controls what part of the game 
+ * world is visible on the screen.
+ */
+class Camera : public Component {
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs a Camera with the specified ID and background color.
+	 * \param id Unique identifier for the camera component.
+	 * \param bg_color Background color for the camera view.
+	 */
+	Camera(uint32_t id, const Color & bg_color);
+	~Camera(); // dbg_trace only
+
+public:
+	//! Background color of the camera view.
+	Color bg_color;
+
+	//! Aspect ratio height for the camera.
+	double aspect_height = 480;
+
+	//! Aspect ratio width for the camera.
+	double aspect_width = 640;
+
+	//! X-coordinate of the camera position.
+	double x = 0.0;
+
+	//! Y-coordinate of the camera position.
+	double y = 0.0;
+
+	//! Zoom level of the camera view.
+	double zoom = 1.0;
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the maximum number of camera instances allowed.
+	 * \return Maximum instance count as an integer.
+	 */
+	virtual int get_instances_max() const { return 10; }
+};
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp
index fc6313d..9e5f187 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ Color Color::cyan = Color(0, 255, 255, 0);
 Color Color::yellow = Color(255, 255, 0, 0);
 Color Color::magenta = Color(255, 0, 255, 0);
 
-// FIXME: do we really need double precision for color values?
-Color::Color(double red, double green, double blue, double alpha) {
+Color::Color(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue, uint8_t alpha) {
 	this->a = alpha;
 	this->r = red;
 	this->g = green;
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Color.h b/src/crepe/api/Color.h
index 6b54888..aa47bf4 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Color.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Color.h
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 namespace crepe {
 
+// TODO: make Color a struct w/o constructors/destructors
 class Color {
 
 	// FIXME: can't these colors be defined as a `static constexpr const Color`
 	// instead?
 
 public:
-	Color(double red, double green, double blue, double alpha);
+	Color(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue, uint8_t alpha);
 	static const Color & get_white();
 	static const Color & get_red();
 	static const Color & get_green();
@@ -19,10 +22,11 @@ public:
 	static const Color & get_black();
 
 private:
-	double r;
-	double g;
-	double b;
-	double a;
+	// TODO: why are these private!?
+	uint8_t r;
+	uint8_t g;
+	uint8_t b;
+	uint8_t a;
 
 	static Color white;
 	static Color red;
@@ -32,6 +36,9 @@ private:
 	static Color magenta;
 	static Color yellow;
 	static Color black;
+
+private:
+	friend class SDLContext;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
index d3465c7..f9cd761 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "../util/log.h"
+#include "facade/SDLContext.h"
 
 #include "Component.h"
 #include "Sprite.h"
@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@
 using namespace std;
 using namespace crepe;
 
-Sprite::Sprite(game_object_id_t id, shared_ptr<Texture> image,
+Sprite::Sprite(game_object_id_t id, const shared_ptr<Texture> image,
 			   const Color & color, const FlipSettings & flip)
 	: Component(id), color(color), flip(flip), sprite_image(image) {
 	dbg_trace();
+
+	this->sprite_rect.w = sprite_image->get_width();
+	this->sprite_rect.h = sprite_image->get_height();
 }
 
 Sprite::~Sprite() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
index 00dcb27..deb3f93 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
@@ -1,32 +1,88 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <SDL2/SDL_rect.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "api/Color.h"
-#include "api/Texture.h"
-
+#include "Color.h"
 #include "Component.h"
+#include "Texture.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
 
+struct Rect {
+	int w = 0;
+	int h = 0;
+	int x = 0;
+	int y = 0;
+};
+
 struct FlipSettings {
-	bool flip_x = true;
-	bool flip_y = true;
+	bool flip_x = false;
+	bool flip_y = false;
 };
 
+class SDLContext;
+class Animator;
+class AnimatorSystem;
+
+/**
+ * \brief Represents a renderable sprite component.
+ *
+ * A renderable sprite that can be displayed in the game. It includes a texture,
+ * color, and flip settings, and is managed in layers with defined sorting orders.
+ */
 class Sprite : public Component {
 
 public:
-	Sprite(game_object_id_t id, std::shared_ptr<Texture> image,
+	// TODO: Loek comment in github #27 will be looked another time
+	// about shared_ptr Texture
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs a Sprite with specified parameters.
+	 * \param game_id Unique identifier for the game object this sprite belongs to.
+	 * \param image Shared pointer to the texture for this sprite.
+	 * \param color Color tint applied to the sprite.
+	 * \param flip Flip settings for horizontal and vertical orientation.
+	 */
+	Sprite(game_object_id_t id, const std::shared_ptr<Texture> image,
 		   const Color & color, const FlipSettings & flip);
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Destroys the Sprite instance.
+	 */
 	~Sprite();
-	std::shared_ptr<Texture> sprite_image;
+
+	//! Texture used for the sprite
+	const std::shared_ptr<Texture> sprite_image;
+	//! Color tint of the sprite
 	Color color;
+	//! Flip settings for the sprite
 	FlipSettings flip;
-	uint8_t sorting_in_layer;
-	uint8_t order_in_layer;
+	//! Layer sorting level of the sprite
+	uint8_t sorting_in_layer = 0;
+	//! Order within the sorting layer
+	uint8_t order_in_layer = 0;
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the maximum number of instances allowed for this sprite.
+	 * \return Maximum instance count as an integer.
+	 *
+	 * For now is this number randomly picked. I think it will eventually be 1. 
+	 */
+	virtual int get_instances_max() const { return 10; }
+
+private:
+	//! Reads the sprite_rect of sprite
+	friend class SDLContext;
+
+	//! Reads the all the variables plus the  sprite_rect
+	friend class Animator;
+
+	//! Reads the all the variables plus the  sprite_rect
+	friend class AnimatorSystem;
+
+	//! Render area of the sprite this will also be adjusted by the AnimatorSystem if an Animator object is present in GameObject
+	Rect sprite_rect;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
index 8fc5c13..5ebd23d 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,19 @@ Texture::Texture(const char * src) {
 
 Texture::~Texture() {
 	dbg_trace();
-	if (this->texture != nullptr) {
-		SDL_DestroyTexture(this->texture);
-	}
+	this->texture.reset();
 }
 
 void Texture::load(unique_ptr<Asset> res) {
 	SDLContext & ctx = SDLContext::get_instance();
-	this->texture = ctx.texture_from_path(res->canonical());
+	this->texture = std::move(ctx.texture_from_path(res->canonical()));
+}
+
+int Texture::get_width() const {
+	if (this->texture == nullptr) return 0;
+	return SDLContext::get_instance().get_width(*this);
+}
+int Texture::get_height() const {
+	if (this->texture == nullptr) return 0;
+	return SDLContext::get_instance().get_width(*this);
 }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Texture.h b/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
index 9a86f6f..b89bc17 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
@@ -3,31 +3,75 @@
 // FIXME: this header can't be included because this is an API header, and SDL2
 // development headers won't be bundled with crepe. Why is this facade in the
 // API namespace?
+
 #include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "Asset.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
-class SDLContext;
-}
 
-namespace crepe {
+class SDLContext;
+class Animator;
 
+/**
+ * \class Texture
+ * \brief Manages texture loading and properties.
+ *
+ * The Texture class is responsible for loading an image from a source
+ * and providing access to its dimensions. Textures can be used for rendering.
+ */
 class Texture {
 
 public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs a Texture from a file path.
+	 * \param src Path to the image file to be loaded as a texture.
+	 */
 	Texture(const char * src);
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs a Texture from an Asset resource.
+	 * \param res Unique pointer to an Asset resource containing texture data.
+	 */
 	Texture(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Destroys the Texture instance, freeing associated resources.
+	 */
 	~Texture();
+	// FIXME: this constructor shouldn't be necessary because this class doesn't
+	// manage memory
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the width of the texture.
+	 * \return Width of the texture in pixels.
+	 */
+	int get_width() const;
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the height of the texture.
+	 * \return Height of the texture in pixels.
+	 */
+	int get_height() const;
 
 private:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Loads the texture from an Asset resource.
+	 * \param res Unique pointer to an Asset resource to load the texture from.
+	 */
 	void load(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
 
 private:
-	SDL_Texture * texture = nullptr;
+	//! The texture of the class from the library
+	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Texture, std::function<void(SDL_Texture *)>> texture;
+
+	//! Grants SDLContext access to private members.
+	friend class SDLContext;
 
-	friend class crepe::SDLContext;
+	//! Grants Animator access to private members.
+	friend class Animator;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Transform.h b/src/crepe/api/Transform.h
index d7a5b8a..756e45b 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Transform.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Transform.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public:
 public:
 	//! Translation (shift)
 	Vector2 position;
-	//! Rotation, in radians
+	//! Rotation, in degrees
 	double rotation;
 	//! Multiplication factor
 	double scale;
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf45362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "api/Animator.h"
+#include "facade/SDLContext.h"
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "AnimatorSystem.h"
+#include "ComponentManager.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+AnimatorSystem::AnimatorSystem() { dbg_trace(); }
+AnimatorSystem::~AnimatorSystem() { dbg_trace(); }
+
+AnimatorSystem & AnimatorSystem::get_instance() {
+	static AnimatorSystem instance;
+	return instance;
+}
+
+void AnimatorSystem::update() {
+	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
+
+	std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Animator>> animations
+		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Animator>();
+
+	uint64_t tick = SDLContext::get_instance().get_ticks();
+	for (Animator & a : animations) {
+		if (a.active) {
+			a.curr_row = (tick / 100) % a.row;
+			a.animator_rect.x = (a.curr_row * a.animator_rect.w) + a.curr_col;
+			a.spritesheet.sprite_rect = a.animator_rect;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..969e9d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "System.h"
+
+//TODO:
+// control if flip works with animation system
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+/**
+ * \brief The AnimatorSystem is responsible for managing and updating all Animator components.
+ *
+ * This system is responsible for controlling the behavior of the animations for all entities
+ * that have the Animator component attached. It updates the animations by controlling their
+ * frame changes, looping behavior, and overall animation state.
+ */
+class AnimatorSystem : public System {
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Retrieves the singleton instance of the AnimatorSystem.
+	 *
+	 * \return A reference to the single instance of the AnimatorSystem.
+	 *
+	 * This method ensures that there is only one instance of the AnimatorSystem, following the
+	 * singleton design pattern. It can be used to access the system globally.
+	 */
+	static AnimatorSystem & get_instance();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Updates the Animator components.
+	 *
+	 * This method is called periodically (likely every frame) to update the state of all
+	 * Animator components, moving the animations forward and managing their behavior (e.g., looping).
+	 */
+	void update() override;
+
+private:
+	// private because singleton
+	AnimatorSystem(); // dbg_trace
+	~AnimatorSystem(); // dbg_trace
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
index ff6f66f..4c18b87 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	PhysicsSystem.cpp
 	CollisionSystem.cpp
 	RenderSystem.cpp
+	AnimatorSystem.cpp
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
@@ -12,4 +13,5 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	PhysicsSystem.h
 	CollisionSystem.h
 	RenderSystem.h
+	AnimatorSystem.h
 )
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
index 5a07cc2..10211a3 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,25 @@ RenderSystem & RenderSystem::get_instance() {
 	return instance;
 }
 
-void RenderSystem::update() {
+void RenderSystem::clear_screen() const {
+	SDLContext::get_instance().clear_screen();
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::present_screen() const {
+	SDLContext::get_instance().present_screen();
+}
+void RenderSystem::update_camera() {
+	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
+
+	std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Camera>> cameras
+		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Camera>();
+
+	for (Camera & cam : cameras) {
+		SDLContext::get_instance().camera(cam);
+		this->curr_cam = &cam;
+	}
+}
+void RenderSystem::render_sprites() const {
 
 	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
 
@@ -28,14 +46,16 @@ void RenderSystem::update() {
 		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Sprite>();
 
 	SDLContext & render = SDLContext::get_instance();
-	render.clear_screen();
-
 	for (const Sprite & sprite : sprites) {
-		std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Transform>> transforms
+		auto transforms
 			= mgr.get_components_by_id<Transform>(sprite.game_object_id);
-		for (const Transform & transform : transforms) {
-			render.draw(sprite, transform);
-		}
+		render.draw(sprite, transforms[0], *curr_cam);
 	}
-	render.present_screen();
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::update() {
+	this->clear_screen();
+	this->update_camera();
+	this->render_sprites();
+	this->present_screen();
 }
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
index 4b910a4..70db21a 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
+++ b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
@@ -1,17 +1,64 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "api/Camera.h"
+
 #include "System.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
 
+/**
+ * \class RenderSystem
+ * \brief Manages rendering operations for all game objects.
+ *
+ * RenderSystem is responsible for rendering sprites, clearing and presenting the screen, 
+ * and managing the active camera. It functions as a singleton, providing centralized 
+ * rendering services for the application.
+ */
 class RenderSystem : public System {
 
 public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the singleton instance of RenderSystem.
+	 * \return Reference to the RenderSystem instance.
+	 */
 	static RenderSystem & get_instance();
-	void update();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Updates the RenderSystem for the current frame.
+	 * This method is called to perform all rendering operations for the current game frame.
+	 */
+	void update() override;
 
 private:
+	// Private constructor to enforce singleton pattern.
 	RenderSystem();
 	~RenderSystem();
+
+	//! Clears the screen in preparation for rendering.
+	void clear_screen() const;
+
+	//! Presents the rendered frame to the display.
+	void present_screen() const;
+
+	//! Updates the active camera used for rendering.
+	void update_camera();
+
+	//! Renders all active sprites to the screen.
+	void render_sprites() const;
+
+	/**
+	 * \todo Include color handling for sprites.
+	 * \todo Implement particle emitter rendering with sprites.
+	 * \todo Add text rendering using SDL_ttf for text components.
+	 * \todo Implement a text component and a button component.
+	 * \todo Ensure each sprite is checked for active status before rendering.
+	 * \todo Sort all layers by order before rendering.
+	 * \todo Consider adding text input functionality.
+	 */
+
+private:
+	//! Pointer to the current active camera for rendering
+	Camera * curr_cam = nullptr;
+	// TODO: needs a better solution
 };
 } // namespace crepe