merge with master

29 files changed, 359 insertions, 214 deletions

diff --git a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.cpp b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.cpp
index e4de027..5b73009 100644
--- a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "util/Log.h"
 
 #include "ComponentManager.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 using namespace crepe;
 using namespace std;
@@ -10,24 +11,50 @@ ComponentManager::ComponentManager() { dbg_trace(); }
 ComponentManager::~ComponentManager() { dbg_trace(); }
 
 void ComponentManager::delete_all_components_of_id(game_object_id_t id) {
+	// Do not delete persistent objects
+	if (this->persistent[id]) {
+		return;
+	}
+
 	// Loop through all the types (in the unordered_map<>)
-	for (auto & [type, componentArray] : this->components) {
+	for (auto & [type, component_array] : this->components) {
 		// Make sure that the id (that we are looking for) is within the boundaries of the vector<>
-		if (id < componentArray.size()) {
+		if (id < component_array.size()) {
 			// Clear the components at this specific id
-			componentArray[id].clear();
+			component_array[id].clear();
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 void ComponentManager::delete_all_components() {
-	this->components.clear();
+	// Loop through all the types (in the unordered_map<>)
+	for (auto & [type, component_array] : this->components) {
+		// Loop through all the ids (in the vector<>)
+		for (game_object_id_t id = 0; id < component_array.size(); id++) {
+			// Do not delete persistent objects
+			if (!this->persistent[id]) {
+				// Clear the components at this specific id
+				component_array[id].clear();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	this->next_id = 0;
 }
 
 GameObject ComponentManager::new_object(const string & name, const string & tag,
 										const vec2 & position, double rotation, double scale) {
+	// Find the first available id (taking persistent objects into account)
+	while (this->persistent[this->next_id]) {
+		this->next_id++;
+	}
+
 	GameObject object{*this, this->next_id, name, tag, position, rotation, scale};
 	this->next_id++;
+
 	return object;
 }
+
+void ComponentManager::set_persistent(game_object_id_t id, bool persistent) {
+	this->persistent[id] = persistent;
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.h b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.h
index 1cb0b5f..480124f 100644
--- a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.h
+++ b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.h
@@ -99,6 +99,16 @@ protected:
 	 * This method deletes all components.
 	 */
 	void delete_all_components();
+	/**
+	 * \brief Set a GameObject as persistent
+	 *
+	 * This method sets a GameObject as persistent. If a GameObject is persistent, its
+	 * components will not be deleted.
+	 *
+	 * \param id The id of the GameObject to set as persistent
+	 * \param persistent The persistent flag
+	 */
+	void set_persistent(game_object_id_t id, bool persistent);
 
 public:
 	/**
@@ -137,6 +147,9 @@ private:
 	std::unordered_map<std::type_index, std::vector<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Component>>>>
 		components;
 
+	//! Persistent flag for each GameObject
+	std::unordered_map<game_object_id_t, bool> persistent;
+
 	//! ID of next GameObject allocated by \c ComponentManager::new_object
 	game_object_id_t next_id = 0;
 };
diff --git a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.hpp b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.hpp
index 4d5eaf4..ffb38ec 100644
--- a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.hpp
+++ b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.hpp
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ template <typename T>
 void ComponentManager::delete_components_by_id(game_object_id_t id) {
 	using namespace std;
 
+	// Do not delete persistent objects
+	if (this->persistent[id]) {
+		return;
+	}
+
 	// Determine the type of T (this is used as the key of the unordered_map<>)
 	type_index type = typeid(T);
 
@@ -77,7 +82,13 @@ void ComponentManager::delete_components() {
 
 	if (this->components.find(type) == this->components.end()) return;
 
-	this->components[type].clear();
+	// Loop through the whole vector<> of this specific type
+	for (game_object_id_t i = 0; i < this->components[type].size(); ++i) {
+		// Do not delete persistent objects
+		if (!this->persistent[i]) {
+			this->components[type][i].clear();
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 template <typename T>
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
index 464b0fd..45f67f6 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
@@ -14,11 +14,14 @@ Animator::Animator(game_object_id_t id, Sprite & ss, int row, int col, int col_a
 	  col(col) {
 	dbg_trace();
 
-	animator_rect = spritesheet.sprite_rect;
-	animator_rect.h /= col;
-	animator_rect.w /= row;
-	animator_rect.x = 0;
-	animator_rect.y = col_animator * animator_rect.h;
+	this->spritesheet.mask.h /= col;
+	this->spritesheet.mask.w /= row;
+	this->spritesheet.mask.x = 0;
+	this->spritesheet.mask.y = col_animator * this->spritesheet.mask.h;
 	this->active = false;
+
+	// need to do this for to get the aspect ratio for a single clipping in the spritesheet
+	this->spritesheet.aspect_ratio
+		= static_cast<double>(this->spritesheet.mask.w) / this->spritesheet.mask.h;
 }
 Animator::~Animator() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Animator.h b/src/crepe/api/Animator.h
index 53f4b91..6c506aa 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Animator.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Animator.h
@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ public:
 	Animator(uint32_t id, Sprite & spritesheet, int row, int col, int col_animate);
 
 	~Animator(); // dbg_trace
-	Animator(const Animator &) = delete;
-	Animator(Animator &&) = delete;
-	Animator & operator=(const Animator &) = delete;
-	Animator & operator=(Animator &&) = delete;
 
 private:
 	//! A reference to the Sprite sheet containing the animation frames.
@@ -61,8 +57,6 @@ private:
 	//! The current row being animated.
 	int curr_row = 0;
 
-	Rect animator_rect;
-
 	//TODO: Is this necessary?
 	//int fps;
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
index 057f88c..d8215b9 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	SaveManager.cpp
 	Config.cpp
 	Metadata.cpp
-	Scene.cpp
 	SceneManager.cpp
 	Camera.cpp
 	Animator.cpp
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
index 5835bdd..39d8ab0 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "types.h"
 #include "util/Log.h"
 
 #include "Camera.h"
@@ -6,9 +7,14 @@
 
 using namespace crepe;
 
-Camera::Camera(game_object_id_t id, const Color & bg_color)
+Camera::Camera(game_object_id_t id, const Color & bg_color, const ivec2 & screen,
+			   const vec2 & viewport_size, const double & zoom, const vec2 & offset)
 	: Component(id),
-	  bg_color(bg_color) {
+	  bg_color(bg_color),
+	  offset(offset),
+	  screen(screen),
+	  viewport_size(viewport_size),
+	  zoom(zoom) {
 	dbg_trace();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Camera.h b/src/crepe/api/Camera.h
index e0cda34..2d8fa48 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Camera.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Camera.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "Color.h"
 #include "Component.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
 
@@ -20,33 +21,31 @@ public:
 	 * \param id Unique identifier for the camera component.
 	 * \param bg_color Background color for the camera view.
 	 */
-	Camera(game_object_id_t id, const Color & bg_color);
+	Camera(game_object_id_t id, const Color & bg_color, const ivec2 & screen,
+		   const vec2 & viewport_size, const double & zoom, const vec2 & offset = {0, 0});
 	~Camera(); // dbg_trace only
 
 public:
 	//! Background color of the camera view.
-	Color bg_color;
+	const Color bg_color;
 
-	//! Aspect ratio height for the camera.
-	double aspect_height = 480;
+	//! offset postion from the game object transform component
+	vec2 offset;
 
-	//! Aspect ratio width for the camera.
-	double aspect_width = 640;
+	//! screen the display size in pixels ( output resolution )
+	const ivec2 screen;
 
-	//! X-coordinate of the camera position.
-	double x = 0.0;
-
-	//! Y-coordinate of the camera position.
-	double y = 0.0;
+	//! viewport is the area of the world visible through the camera (in world units)
+	const vec2 viewport_size;
 
 	//! Zoom level of the camera view.
-	double zoom = 1.0;
+	const double zoom;
 
 public:
 	/**
 	 * \brief Gets the maximum number of camera instances allowed.
 	 * \return Maximum instance count as an integer.
 	 */
-	virtual int get_instances_max() const { return 10; }
+	virtual int get_instances_max() const { return 1; }
 };
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Config.h b/src/crepe/api/Config.h
index 13eabd1..225e9b9 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Config.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Config.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "../util/Log.h"
+#include "types.h"
+#include <string>
 
 namespace crepe {
 
@@ -11,19 +13,18 @@ namespace crepe {
  * modified *before* execution is handed over from the game programmer to the engine (i.e. the
  * main loop is started).
  */
-class Config {
+class Config final {
 public:
 	//! Retrieve handle to global Config instance
 	static Config & get_instance();
 
 private:
 	Config() = default;
-
-	// singleton
-	Config(const Config &) = delete;
-	Config(Config &&) = delete;
-	Config & operator=(const Config &) = delete;
-	Config & operator=(Config &&) = delete;
+	~Config() = default;
+	Config(const Config &) = default;
+	Config(Config &&) = default;
+	Config & operator=(const Config &) = default;
+	Config & operator=(Config &&) = default;
 
 public:
 	//! Logging-related settings
@@ -63,6 +64,14 @@ public:
 		double gravity = 1;
 	} physics;
 
+	//! default window settings
+	struct {
+		//TODO make this constexpr because this will never change
+		ivec2 default_size = {1080, 720};
+		std::string window_title = "Jetpack joyride clone";
+
+	} window_settings;
+
 	//! Asset loading options
 	struct {
 		/**
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/GameObject.cpp b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.cpp
index 3c36a21..9ef4682 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/GameObject.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.cpp
@@ -30,3 +30,9 @@ void GameObject::set_parent(const GameObject & parent) {
 	RefVector<Metadata> parent_metadata = mgr.get_components_by_id<Metadata>(parent.id);
 	parent_metadata.at(0).get().children.push_back(this->id);
 }
+
+void GameObject::set_persistent(bool persistent) {
+	ComponentManager & mgr = this->component_manager;
+
+	mgr.set_persistent(this->id, persistent);
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/GameObject.h b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.h
index fcb8d9a..4cd2bc0 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/GameObject.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.h
@@ -58,6 +58,15 @@ public:
 	 */
 	template <typename T, typename... Args>
 	T & add_component(Args &&... args);
+	/**
+	 * \brief Components will not be deleted if this method is called
+	 *
+	 * This method sets the persistent flag of the GameObject to true. If the persistent
+	 * flag is set to true, the GameObject will not be deleted when the scene is changed.
+	 *
+	 * \param persistent The persistent flag
+	 */
+	void set_persistent(bool persistent = true);
 
 public:
 	//! The id of the GameObject
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.cpp b/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.cpp
index 35919cc..feb1338 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void LoopManager::loop() {
 void LoopManager::setup() {
 	this->game_running = true;
 	LoopTimer::get_instance().start();
-	LoopTimer::get_instance().set_fps(60);
+	LoopTimer::get_instance().set_fps(200);
 	this->scene_manager.load_next_scene();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.cpp b/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.cpp
index a9800b7..15a0e3a 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ double LoopTimer::get_fixed_delta_time() const { return this->fixed_delta_time.c
 void LoopTimer::set_fps(int fps) {
 	this->fps = fps;
 	// target time per frame in seconds
-	this->frame_target_time = std::chrono::seconds(1) / fps;
+	this->frame_target_time = std::chrono::duration<double>(1.0) / fps;
 }
 
 int LoopTimer::get_fps() const { return this->fps; }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.h b/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.h
index f277d7b..9393439 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.h
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ private:
 	//! Delta time for the current frame in seconds
 	std::chrono::duration<double> delta_time{0.0};
 	//! Target time per frame in seconds
-	std::chrono::duration<double> frame_target_time = std::chrono::seconds(1) / fps;
+	std::chrono::duration<double> frame_target_time = std::chrono::duration<double>(1.0) / fps;
 	//! Fixed delta time for fixed updates in seconds
-	std::chrono::duration<double> fixed_delta_time = std::chrono::seconds(1) / 50;
+	std::chrono::duration<double> fixed_delta_time = std::chrono::duration<double>(1.0) / 50.0;
 	//! Total elapsed game time in seconds
 	std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed_time{0.0};
 	//! Total elapsed time for fixed updates in seconds
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Scene.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Scene.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 849945e..0000000
--- a/src/crepe/api/Scene.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#include "Scene.h"
-
-using namespace crepe;
-
-Scene::Scene(ComponentManager & mgr) : component_manager(mgr) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Scene.h b/src/crepe/api/Scene.h
index 869bf6f..f6fdb2a 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Scene.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Scene.h
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include "../util/OptionalRef.h"
+
 namespace crepe {
 
 class SceneManager;
@@ -15,11 +17,8 @@ class ComponentManager;
  */
 class Scene {
 protected:
-	//TODO: Use Loek's custom reference class to set ComponentManger via SceneManager instead of via constructor
-	/**
-	 * \param mgr  Reference to the ComponentManager
-	 */
-	Scene(ComponentManager & mgr);
+	// NOTE: This must be the only constructor on Scene, see "Late references" below
+	Scene() = default;
 	//! SceneManager instances Scene
 	friend class SceneManager;
 
@@ -36,8 +35,20 @@ public:
 	virtual std::string get_name() const = 0;
 
 protected:
+	/**
+	 * \name Late references
+	 * 
+	 * These references are set by SceneManager immediately after calling the constructor of Scene.
+	 *
+	 * \note Scene must have a constructor without arguments so the game programmer doesn't need to
+	 * manually add `using Scene::Scene` to their concrete scene class, if they want to add a
+	 * constructor with arguments (e.g. for passing references to their own concrete Scene classes).
+	 *
+	 * \{
+	 */
 	//! Reference to the ComponentManager
-	ComponentManager & component_manager;
+	OptionalRef<ComponentManager> component_manager;
+	//! \}
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/SceneManager.h b/src/crepe/api/SceneManager.h
index 45ba668..f6f62cd 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/SceneManager.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/SceneManager.h
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ public:
 	 *
 	 * \tparam T  Type of concrete scene
 	 */
-	template <typename T>
-	void add_scene();
+	template <typename T, typename... Args>
+	void add_scene(Args &&... args);
 	/**
 	 * \brief Set the next scene
 	 *
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/SceneManager.hpp b/src/crepe/api/SceneManager.hpp
index 94e5946..5c8e417 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/SceneManager.hpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/SceneManager.hpp
@@ -4,13 +4,17 @@
 
 namespace crepe {
 
-template <typename T>
-void SceneManager::add_scene() {
+template <typename T, typename... Args>
+void SceneManager::add_scene(Args &&... args) {
 	using namespace std;
 	static_assert(is_base_of<Scene, T>::value, "T must be derived from Scene");
 
-	Scene * scene = new T(this->component_manager);
-	this->scenes.emplace_back(unique_ptr<Scene>(scene));
+	Scene * scene = new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	unique_ptr<Scene> unique_scene(scene);
+
+	unique_scene->component_manager = this->component_manager;
+
+	this->scenes.emplace_back(std::move(unique_scene));
 
 	// The first scene added, is the one that will be loaded at the beginning
 	if (next_scene.empty()) {
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
index bd2d5cf..8647794 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#include <memory>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "../util/Log.h"
-#include "facade/SDLContext.h"
 
 #include "Component.h"
 #include "Sprite.h"
@@ -10,16 +10,21 @@
 using namespace std;
 using namespace crepe;
 
-Sprite::Sprite(game_object_id_t id, const shared_ptr<Texture> image, const Color & color,
-			   const FlipSettings & flip)
+Sprite::Sprite(game_object_id_t id, Texture & image, const Color & color,
+			   const FlipSettings & flip, int sort_layer, int order_layer, int height)
 	: Component(id),
 	  color(color),
 	  flip(flip),
-	  sprite_image(image) {
+	  sprite_image(std::move(image)),
+	  sorting_in_layer(sort_layer),
+	  order_in_layer(order_layer),
+	  height(height) {
+
 	dbg_trace();
 
-	this->sprite_rect.w = sprite_image->get_width();
-	this->sprite_rect.h = sprite_image->get_height();
+	this->mask.w = sprite_image.get_width();
+	this->mask.h = sprite_image.get_height();
+	this->aspect_ratio = static_cast<double>(this->mask.w) / this->mask.h;
 }
 
 Sprite::~Sprite() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
index 74a55d4..a0e90a0 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory>
+#include <cstdint>
 
 #include "../Component.h"
 
@@ -9,18 +9,6 @@
 
 namespace crepe {
 
-struct Rect {
-	int w = 0;
-	int h = 0;
-	int x = 0;
-	int y = 0;
-};
-
-struct FlipSettings {
-	bool flip_x = false;
-	bool flip_y = false;
-};
-
 class SDLContext;
 class Animator;
 class AnimatorSystem;
@@ -34,6 +22,12 @@ class AnimatorSystem;
 class Sprite : public Component {
 
 public:
+	struct FlipSettings {
+		bool flip_x = false;
+		bool flip_y = false;
+	};
+
+public:
 	// TODO: Loek comment in github #27 will be looked another time
 	// about shared_ptr Texture
 	/**
@@ -42,9 +36,12 @@ public:
 	 * \param image Shared pointer to the texture for this sprite.
 	 * \param color Color tint applied to the sprite.
 	 * \param flip Flip settings for horizontal and vertical orientation.
+	 * \param order_layer decides the sorting in layer of the sprite.
+	 * \param sort_layer decides the order in layer of the sprite.
+	 * \param height the height of the image in game units
 	 */
-	Sprite(game_object_id_t id, const std::shared_ptr<Texture> image, const Color & color,
-		   const FlipSettings & flip);
+	Sprite(game_object_id_t id, Texture & image, const Color & color,
+		   const FlipSettings & flip, int sort_layer, int order_layer, int height);
 
 	/**
 	 * \brief Destroys the Sprite instance.
@@ -52,38 +49,49 @@ public:
 	~Sprite();
 
 	//! Texture used for the sprite
-	const std::shared_ptr<Texture> sprite_image;
+	const Texture sprite_image;
+
 	//! Color tint of the sprite
 	Color color;
+
 	//! Flip settings for the sprite
 	FlipSettings flip;
+
 	//! Layer sorting level of the sprite
-	uint8_t sorting_in_layer = 0;
+	const int sorting_in_layer;
 	//! Order within the sorting layer
-	uint8_t order_in_layer = 0;
+	const int order_in_layer;
+
+	//! height in world units
+	const int height;
 
-public:
 	/**
-	 * \brief Gets the maximum number of instances allowed for this sprite.
-	 * \return Maximum instance count as an integer.
+	 * \aspect_ratio ratio of the img so that scaling will not become weird
 	 *
-	 * For now is this number randomly picked. I think it will eventually be 1. 
+	 * cannot be const because if Animator component is addded then ratio becomes scuffed and
+	 * does it need to be calculated again in the Animator
 	 */
-	virtual int get_instances_max() const { return 10; }
+	double aspect_ratio;
 
 private:
-	//! Reads the sprite_rect of sprite
+	//! Reads the mask of sprite
 	friend class SDLContext;
 
-	//! Reads the all the variables plus the  sprite_rect
+	//! Reads the all the variables plus the  mask
 	friend class Animator;
 
-	//! Reads the all the variables plus the  sprite_rect
+	//! Reads the all the variables plus the  mask
 	friend class AnimatorSystem;
 
+	struct Rect {
+		int w = 0;
+		int h = 0;
+		int x = 0;
+		int y = 0;
+	};
 	//! Render area of the sprite this will also be adjusted by the AnimatorSystem if an Animator
-	// object is present in GameObject
-	Rect sprite_rect;
+	// object is present in GameObject. this is in sprite pixels
+	Rect mask;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
index 9be9421..e43bdaa 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
-
 #include "../facade/SDLContext.h"
 #include "../util/Log.h"
 
@@ -9,14 +7,9 @@
 using namespace crepe;
 using namespace std;
 
-Texture::Texture(unique_ptr<Asset> res) {
-	dbg_trace();
-	this->load(std::move(res));
-}
-
-Texture::Texture(const char * src) {
+Texture::Texture(const Asset & src) {
 	dbg_trace();
-	this->load(make_unique<Asset>(src));
+	this->load(src);
 }
 
 Texture::~Texture() {
@@ -24,9 +17,18 @@ Texture::~Texture() {
 	this->texture.reset();
 }
 
-void Texture::load(unique_ptr<Asset> res) {
+Texture::Texture(Texture && other) noexcept : texture(std::move(other.texture)) {}
+
+Texture & Texture::operator=(Texture && other) noexcept {
+	if (this != &other) {
+		texture = std::move(other.texture);
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+void Texture::load(const Asset & res) {
 	SDLContext & ctx = SDLContext::get_instance();
-	this->texture = std::move(ctx.texture_from_path(res->get_path()));
+	this->texture = ctx.texture_from_path(res.get_path());
 }
 
 int Texture::get_width() const {
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Texture.h b/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
index 6965223..7206a66 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
@@ -25,16 +25,10 @@ class Texture {
 
 public:
 	/**
-	 * \brief Constructs a Texture from a file path.
-	 * \param src Path to the image file to be loaded as a texture.
-	 */
-	Texture(const char * src);
-
-	/**
 	 * \brief Constructs a Texture from an Asset resource.
-	 * \param res Unique pointer to an Asset resource containing texture data.
+	 * \param src Asset with texture data to load.
 	 */
-	Texture(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
+	Texture(const Asset & src);
 
 	/**
 	 * \brief Destroys the Texture instance, freeing associated resources.
@@ -42,6 +36,11 @@ public:
 	~Texture();
 	// FIXME: this constructor shouldn't be necessary because this class doesn't manage memory
 
+	Texture(Texture && other) noexcept;
+	Texture & operator=(Texture && other) noexcept;
+	Texture(const Texture &) = delete;
+	Texture & operator=(const Texture &) = delete;
+
 	/**
 	 * \brief Gets the width of the texture.
 	 * \return Width of the texture in pixels.
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ private:
 	 * \brief Loads the texture from an Asset resource.
 	 * \param res Unique pointer to an Asset resource to load the texture from.
 	 */
-	void load(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
+	void load(const Asset & res);
 
 private:
 	//! The texture of the class from the library
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
index b3298a7..9f60285 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
@@ -10,16 +10,15 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
 
 #include "../api/Camera.h"
+#include "../api/Config.h"
 #include "../api/Sprite.h"
 #include "../api/Texture.h"
-#include "../api/Transform.h"
-#include "../api/Vector2.h"
 #include "../util/Log.h"
 
 #include "SDLContext.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 using namespace crepe;
 using namespace std;
@@ -31,14 +30,15 @@ SDLContext & SDLContext::get_instance() {
 
 SDLContext::SDLContext() {
 	dbg_trace();
-	// FIXME: read window defaults from config manager
 
 	if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) {
 		throw runtime_error(format("SDLContext: SDL_Init error: {}", SDL_GetError()));
 	}
+
+	auto & cfg = Config::get_instance().window_settings;
 	SDL_Window * tmp_window
-		= SDL_CreateWindow("Crepe Game Engine", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
-						   this->viewport.w, this->viewport.h, 0);
+		= SDL_CreateWindow(cfg.window_title.c_str(), SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
+						   SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, cfg.default_size.x, cfg.default_size.y, 0);
 	if (!tmp_window) {
 		throw runtime_error(format("SDLContext: SDL_Window error: {}", SDL_GetError()));
 	}
@@ -93,68 +93,96 @@ void SDLContext::handle_events(bool & running) {
 	*/
 }
 
-void SDLContext::clear_screen() { SDL_RenderClear(this->game_renderer.get()); }
+void SDLContext::clear_screen() {
+	SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(this->game_renderer.get(), 0, 0, 0, 255);
+	SDL_RenderClear(this->game_renderer.get());
+}
 void SDLContext::present_screen() { SDL_RenderPresent(this->game_renderer.get()); }
 
 SDL_Rect SDLContext::get_src_rect(const Sprite & sprite) const {
 	return SDL_Rect{
-		.x = sprite.sprite_rect.x,
-		.y = sprite.sprite_rect.y,
-		.w = sprite.sprite_rect.w,
-		.h = sprite.sprite_rect.h,
+		.x = sprite.mask.x,
+		.y = sprite.mask.y,
+		.w = sprite.mask.w,
+		.h = sprite.mask.h,
 	};
 }
-SDL_Rect SDLContext::get_dst_rect(const Sprite & sprite, const vec2 & pos,
-								  const double & scale, const Camera & cam) const {
+SDL_Rect SDLContext::get_dst_rect(const Sprite & sprite, const vec2 & pos, const Camera & cam,
+								  const vec2 & cam_pos, const double & img_scale) const {
+
+	int width = sprite.height * sprite.aspect_ratio;
+	int height = sprite.height;
 
-	double adjusted_w = sprite.sprite_rect.w * scale * cam.zoom;
-	double adjusted_h = sprite.sprite_rect.h * scale * cam.zoom;
-	double adjusted_x = (pos.x - cam.x) * cam.zoom - adjusted_w / 2;
-	double adjusted_y = (pos.y - cam.y) * cam.zoom - adjusted_h / 2;
+	width *= img_scale * cam.zoom;
+	height *= img_scale * cam.zoom;
 
 	return SDL_Rect{
-		.x = static_cast<int>(adjusted_x),
-		.y = static_cast<int>(adjusted_y),
-		.w = static_cast<int>(adjusted_w),
-		.h = static_cast<int>(adjusted_h),
+		.x = static_cast<int>((pos.x - cam_pos.x + (cam.viewport_size.x / 2) - width / 2)),
+		.y = static_cast<int>((pos.y - cam_pos.y + (cam.viewport_size.y / 2) - height / 2)),
+		.w = width,
+		.h = height,
 	};
 }
 
-void SDLContext::draw_particle(const Sprite & sprite, const vec2 & pos, const double & angle,
-							   const double & scale, const Camera & camera) {
+void SDLContext::draw(const RenderContext & ctx) {
 
 	SDL_RendererFlip render_flip
-		= (SDL_RendererFlip) ((SDL_FLIP_HORIZONTAL * sprite.flip.flip_x)
-							  | (SDL_FLIP_VERTICAL * sprite.flip.flip_y));
+		= (SDL_RendererFlip) ((SDL_FLIP_HORIZONTAL * ctx.sprite.flip.flip_x)
+							  | (SDL_FLIP_VERTICAL * ctx.sprite.flip.flip_y));
 
-	SDL_Rect srcrect = this->get_src_rect(sprite);
-	SDL_Rect dstrect = this->get_dst_rect(sprite, pos, scale, camera);
+	SDL_Rect srcrect = this->get_src_rect(ctx.sprite);
+	SDL_Rect dstrect
+		= this->get_dst_rect(ctx.sprite, ctx.pos, ctx.cam, ctx.cam_pos, ctx.scale);
 
-	SDL_RenderCopyEx(this->game_renderer.get(), sprite.sprite_image->texture.get(), &srcrect,
-					 &dstrect, angle, NULL, render_flip);
+	SDL_RenderCopyEx(this->game_renderer.get(), ctx.sprite.sprite_image.texture.get(),
+					 &srcrect, &dstrect, ctx.angle, NULL, render_flip);
 }
 
-void SDLContext::draw(const Sprite & sprite, const Transform & transform, const Camera & cam) {
-
-	SDL_RendererFlip render_flip
-		= (SDL_RendererFlip) ((SDL_FLIP_HORIZONTAL * sprite.flip.flip_x)
-							  | (SDL_FLIP_VERTICAL * sprite.flip.flip_y));
+void SDLContext::set_camera(const Camera & cam) {
 
-	SDL_Rect srcrect = this->get_src_rect(sprite);
-	SDL_Rect dstrect = this->get_dst_rect(sprite, transform.position, transform.scale, cam);
+	// resize window
+	int w, h;
+	SDL_GetWindowSize(this->game_window.get(), &w, &h);
+	if (w != cam.screen.x || h != cam.screen.y) {
+		SDL_SetWindowSize(this->game_window.get(), cam.screen.x, cam.screen.y);
+	}
 
-	SDL_RenderCopyEx(this->game_renderer.get(), sprite.sprite_image->texture.get(), &srcrect,
-					 &dstrect, transform.rotation, NULL, render_flip);
-}
+	double screen_aspect = cam.screen.x / cam.screen.y;
+	double viewport_aspect = cam.viewport_size.x / cam.viewport_size.y;
+
+	SDL_Rect view;
+	// calculate black bars
+	if (screen_aspect > viewport_aspect) {
+		// letterboxing
+		view.h = cam.screen.y / cam.zoom;
+		view.w = cam.screen.y * viewport_aspect;
+		view.x = (cam.screen.x - view.w) / 2;
+		view.y = 0;
+	} else {
+		// pillarboxing
+		view.h = cam.screen.x / viewport_aspect;
+		view.w = cam.screen.x / cam.zoom;
+		view.x = 0;
+		view.y = (cam.screen.y - view.h) / 2;
+	}
+	// set drawing area
+	SDL_RenderSetViewport(this->game_renderer.get(), &view);
 
-void SDLContext::set_camera(const Camera & cam) {
-	this->viewport.w = static_cast<int>(cam.aspect_width);
-	this->viewport.h = static_cast<int>(cam.aspect_height);
-	this->viewport.x = static_cast<int>(cam.x) - (this->viewport.w / 2);
-	this->viewport.y = static_cast<int>(cam.y) - (this->viewport.h / 2);
+	SDL_RenderSetLogicalSize(this->game_renderer.get(), static_cast<int>(cam.viewport_size.x),
+							 static_cast<int>(cam.viewport_size.y));
 
+	// set bg color
 	SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(this->game_renderer.get(), cam.bg_color.r, cam.bg_color.g,
 						   cam.bg_color.b, cam.bg_color.a);
+
+	SDL_Rect bg = {
+		.x = 0,
+		.y = 0,
+		.w = static_cast<int>(cam.viewport_size.x),
+		.h = static_cast<int>(cam.viewport_size.y),
+	};
+	// fill bg color
+	SDL_RenderFillRect(this->game_renderer.get(), &bg);
 }
 
 uint64_t SDLContext::get_ticks() const { return SDL_GetTicks64(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
index 20e30b3..6030a6e 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "../api/Camera.h"
 #include "../api/Sprite.h"
-#include "../api/Transform.h"
-#include "api/Camera.h"
 
 #include "types.h"
 
@@ -29,6 +28,15 @@ typedef SDL_Keycode CREPE_KEYCODES;
  * event handling, and rendering to the screen. It is never used directly by the user
  */
 class SDLContext {
+public:
+	struct RenderContext {
+		const Sprite & sprite;
+		const Camera & cam;
+		const vec2 & cam_pos;
+		const vec2 & pos;
+		const double & angle;
+		const double & scale;
+	};
 
 public:
 	/**
@@ -100,14 +108,14 @@ private:
 	 * \param texture Reference to the Texture object.
 	 * \return Width of the texture as an integer.
 	 */
-	int get_width(const Texture &) const;
+	int get_width(const Texture & texture) const;
 
 	/**
 	 * \brief Gets the height of a texture.
 	 * \param texture Reference to the Texture object.
 	 * \return Height of the texture as an integer.
 	 */
-	int get_height(const Texture &) const;
+	int get_height(const Texture & texture) const;
 
 private:
 	//! Will use draw,clear_screen, present_screen, camera.
@@ -115,14 +123,9 @@ private:
 
 	/**
 	 * \brief Draws a sprite to the screen using the specified transform and camera.
-	 * \param sprite Reference to the Sprite to draw.
-	 * \param transform Reference to the Transform for positioning.
-	 * \param camera Reference to the Camera for view adjustments.
+	 * \param RenderCtx Reference to rendering data to draw
 	 */
-	void draw(const Sprite & sprite, const Transform & transform, const Camera & camera);
-
-	void draw_particle(const Sprite & sprite, const vec2 & pos, const double & angle,
-					   const double & scale, const Camera & camera);
+	void draw(const RenderContext & ctx);
 
 	//! Clears the screen, preparing for a new frame.
 	void clear_screen();
@@ -144,18 +147,19 @@ private:
 	 * \return sdl rectangle to draw a src image
 	 */
 	SDL_Rect get_src_rect(const Sprite & sprite) const;
+
 	/**
-	 * \brief calculates the sqaure size of the image for an destination
+	 * \brief calculates the sqaure size of the image for destination
 	 *
-	 * \param sprite Reference to the sprite to calculate the rectangle
-	 * \param pos the pos in pixel positions
-	 * \param scale the multiplier to increase of decrease for the specified sprite 
-	 * \param cam Reference to the current camera in the scene to calculate the position based
-	 * on the camera 
+	 * \param sprite Reference to the sprite to calculate rectangle
+	 * \param pos the pos in world units
+	 * \param cam the camera of the current scene
+	 * \param cam_pos the current postion of the camera
+	 * \param img_scale the image multiplier for increasing img size 
 	 * \return sdl rectangle to draw a dst image to draw on the screen
 	 */
-	SDL_Rect get_dst_rect(const Sprite & sprite, const vec2 & pos, const double & scale,
-						  const Camera & cam) const;
+	SDL_Rect get_dst_rect(const Sprite & sprite, const vec2 & pos, const Camera & cam,
+						  const vec2 & cam_pos, const double & img_scale) const;
 
 private:
 	//! sdl Window
@@ -163,9 +167,6 @@ private:
 
 	//! renderer for the crepe engine
 	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Renderer, std::function<void(SDL_Renderer *)>> game_renderer;
-
-	//! viewport for the camera window
-	SDL_Rect viewport = {0, 0, 640, 480};
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp
index 676e485..4c40940 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ void AnimatorSystem::update() {
 
 	uint64_t tick = SDLContext::get_instance().get_ticks();
 	for (Animator & a : animations) {
-		if (a.active) {
-			a.curr_row = (tick / 100) % a.row;
-			a.animator_rect.x = (a.curr_row * a.animator_rect.w) + a.curr_col;
-			a.spritesheet.sprite_rect = a.animator_rect;
-		}
+		if (!a.active) continue;
+		// (10 frames per second)
+		a.curr_row = (tick / 100) % a.row;
+		a.spritesheet.mask.x = (a.curr_row * a.spritesheet.mask.w) + a.curr_col;
+		a.spritesheet.mask = a.spritesheet.mask;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h
index 56cc7b3..f8179a9 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h
+++ b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h
@@ -21,12 +21,11 @@ public:
 	/**
 	 * \brief Updates the Animator components.
 	 *
-	 * This method is called periodically (likely every frame) to update the state of all
+	 * This method is called to update the state of all
 	 * Animator components, moving the animations forward and managing their behavior (e.g.,
 	 * looping).
 	 */
 	void update() override;
-	// FIXME: never say "likely" in the documentation lmao
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
index ad510f5..c196bb1 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
@@ -2,15 +2,14 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "../ComponentManager.h"
+#include "../api/Camera.h"
 #include "../api/ParticleEmitter.h"
 #include "../api/Sprite.h"
 #include "../api/Transform.h"
-#include "../api/Vector2.h"
 #include "../facade/SDLContext.h"
 
 #include "RenderSystem.h"
@@ -21,7 +20,8 @@ using namespace std;
 void RenderSystem::clear_screen() { this->context.clear_screen(); }
 
 void RenderSystem::present_screen() { this->context.present_screen(); }
-void RenderSystem::update_camera() {
+
+const Camera & RenderSystem::update_camera() {
 	ComponentManager & mgr = this->component_manager;
 
 	RefVector<Camera> cameras = mgr.get_components_by_type<Camera>();
@@ -30,9 +30,13 @@ void RenderSystem::update_camera() {
 
 	for (Camera & cam : cameras) {
 		if (!cam.active) continue;
+		const Transform & transform
+			= mgr.get_components_by_id<Transform>(cam.game_object_id).front().get();
 		this->context.set_camera(cam);
-		this->curr_cam_ref = &cam;
+		this->cam_pos = transform.position + cam.offset;
+		return cam;
 	}
+	throw std::runtime_error("No active cameras in current scene");
 }
 
 bool sorting_comparison(const Sprite & a, const Sprite & b) {
@@ -51,12 +55,12 @@ RefVector<Sprite> RenderSystem::sort(RefVector<Sprite> & objs) const {
 
 void RenderSystem::update() {
 	this->clear_screen();
-	this->update_camera();
 	this->render();
 	this->present_screen();
 }
 
-bool RenderSystem::render_particle(const Sprite & sprite, const double & scale) {
+bool RenderSystem::render_particle(const Sprite & sprite, const Camera & cam,
+								   const double & scale) {
 
 	ComponentManager & mgr = this->component_manager;
 
@@ -72,19 +76,35 @@ bool RenderSystem::render_particle(const Sprite & sprite, const double & scale)
 
 		for (const Particle & p : em.data.particles) {
 			if (!p.active) continue;
-			this->context.draw_particle(sprite, p.position, p.angle, scale,
-										*this->curr_cam_ref);
+
+			this->context.draw(SDLContext::RenderContext{
+				.sprite = sprite,
+				.cam = cam,
+				.cam_pos = this->cam_pos,
+				.pos = p.position,
+				.angle = p.angle,
+				.scale = scale,
+			});
 		}
 	}
 	return rendering_particles;
 }
-void RenderSystem::render_normal(const Sprite & sprite, const Transform & tm) {
-	this->context.draw(sprite, tm, *this->curr_cam_ref);
+void RenderSystem::render_normal(const Sprite & sprite, const Camera & cam,
+								 const Transform & tm) {
+	this->context.draw(SDLContext::RenderContext{
+		.sprite = sprite,
+		.cam = cam,
+		.cam_pos = this->cam_pos,
+		.pos = tm.position,
+		.angle = tm.rotation,
+		.scale = tm.scale,
+	});
 }
 
 void RenderSystem::render() {
-
 	ComponentManager & mgr = this->component_manager;
+	const Camera & cam = this->update_camera();
+
 	RefVector<Sprite> sprites = mgr.get_components_by_type<Sprite>();
 	RefVector<Sprite> sorted_sprites = this->sort(sprites);
 
@@ -93,10 +113,10 @@ void RenderSystem::render() {
 		const Transform & transform
 			= mgr.get_components_by_id<Transform>(sprite.game_object_id).front().get();
 
-		bool rendered_particles = this->render_particle(sprite, transform.scale);
+		bool rendered_particles = this->render_particle(sprite, cam, transform.scale);
 
 		if (rendered_particles) continue;
 
-		this->render_normal(sprite, transform);
+		this->render_normal(sprite, cam, transform);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
index 30b41cf..e70831e 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
+++ b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <functional>
-#include <vector>
+#include <cmath>
 
 #include "facade/SDLContext.h"
 
 #include "System.h"
-#include <cmath>
+#include "types.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
 
 class Camera;
 class Sprite;
+class Transform;
 
 /**
  * \class RenderSystem
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ private:
 	void present_screen();
 
 	//! Updates the active camera used for rendering.
-	void update_camera();
+	const Camera & update_camera();
 
 	//! Renders the whole screen
 	void render();
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ private:
 	 * \param tm the Transform component for scale
 	 * \return true if particles have been rendered
 	 */
-	bool render_particle(const Sprite & sprite, const double & scale);
+	bool render_particle(const Sprite & sprite, const Camera & cam, const double & scale);
 
 	/**
 	 * \brief renders a sprite with a Transform component on the screen 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ private:
 	 * \param sprite  the sprite component that holds all the data
 	 * \param tm the Transform component that holds the position,rotation and scale 
 	 */
-	void render_normal(const Sprite & sprite, const Transform & tm);
+	void render_normal(const Sprite & sprite, const Camera & cam, const Transform & tm);
 
 	/**
 	 * \brief sort a vector sprite objects with
@@ -71,17 +71,14 @@ private:
 	 * \todo Include color handling for sprites.
 	 * \todo Add text rendering using SDL_ttf for text components.
 	 * \todo Implement a text component and a button component.
-	 * \todo Ensure each sprite is checked for active status before rendering.
-	 * \todo Sort all layers by order before rendering.
 	 * \todo Consider adding text input functionality.
 	 */
 
 private:
-	//! Pointer to the current active camera for rendering
-	Camera * curr_cam_ref = nullptr;
-	// TODO: needs a better solution
-
 	SDLContext & context = SDLContext::get_instance();
+
+	//! camera postion in the current scene
+	vec2 cam_pos;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/types.h b/src/crepe/types.h
index 17f1619..69cc526 100644
--- a/src/crepe/types.h
+++ b/src/crepe/types.h
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ typedef Vector2<float> vec2;
 //! Default Vector2<double> type
 typedef Vector2<double> dvec2;
 
-} // namespace crepe
+}; // namespace crepe