merge `master` into `loek/cleanup`

22 files changed, 708 insertions, 132 deletions

diff --git a/src/crepe/Exception.cpp b/src/crepe/Exception.cpp
index bfdbcdd..a1fa765 100644
--- a/src/crepe/Exception.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/Exception.cpp
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ Exception::Exception(const char * fmt, ...) {
 	this->error = va_stringf(args, fmt);
 	va_end(args);
 }
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/ValueBroker.hpp b/src/crepe/ValueBroker.hpp
index 5c3bed9..927142f 100644
--- a/src/crepe/ValueBroker.hpp
+++ b/src/crepe/ValueBroker.hpp
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ namespace crepe {
 
 template <typename T>
 ValueBroker<T>::ValueBroker(const setter_t & setter, const getter_t & getter)
-	: setter(setter),
-	  getter(getter) {}
+	: setter(setter), getter(getter) {}
 
 template <typename T>
 const T & ValueBroker<T>::get() {
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b396af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "Animator.h"
+#include "Component.h"
+#include "Sprite.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+Animator::Animator(uint32_t id, Sprite & ss, int row, int col, int col_animator)
+	: Component(id), spritesheet(ss), row(row), col(col) {
+	dbg_trace();
+
+	animator_rect = spritesheet.sprite_rect;
+	animator_rect.h /= col;
+	animator_rect.w /= row;
+	animator_rect.x = 0;
+	animator_rect.y = col_animator * animator_rect.h;
+	this->active = false;
+}
+Animator::~Animator() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Animator.h b/src/crepe/api/Animator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..def0240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Animator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "Component.h"
+#include "Sprite.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+class AnimatorSystem;
+class SDLContext;
+
+/**
+ * \brief The Animator component is used to animate sprites by managing the movement
+ *        and frame changes within a sprite sheet.
+ *
+ * This component allows for controlling sprite animation through rows and columns of a sprite sheet.
+ * It can be used to play animations, loop them, or stop them.
+ */
+class Animator : public Component {
+
+public:
+	//TODO: need to implement this
+	void loop();
+	void stop();
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs an Animator object that will control animations for a sprite sheet.
+	 *
+	 * \param id The unique identifier for the component, typically assigned automatically.
+	 * \param spritesheet A reference to the Sprite object which holds the sprite sheet for animation.
+	 * \param row The maximum number of rows in the sprite sheet.
+	 * \param col The maximum number of columns in the sprite sheet.
+	 * \param col__animate The specific col index of the sprite sheet to animate. This allows selecting which col to animate from multiple col in the sheet.
+	 *
+	 * This constructor sets up the Animator with the given parameters, and initializes the animation system.
+	 */
+	Animator(uint32_t id, Sprite & spritesheet, int row, int col,
+			 int col_animate);
+
+	~Animator(); // dbg_trace
+	Animator(const Animator &) = delete;
+	Animator(Animator &&) = delete;
+	Animator & operator=(const Animator &) = delete;
+	Animator & operator=(Animator &&) = delete;
+
+private:
+	//! A reference to the Sprite sheet containing the animation frames.
+	Sprite & spritesheet;
+
+	//! The maximum number of columns in the sprite sheet.
+	const int col;
+
+	//! The maximum number of rows in the sprite sheet.
+	const int row;
+
+	//! The current col being animated.
+	int curr_col = 0;
+
+	//! The current row being animated.
+	int curr_row = 0;
+
+	Rect animator_rect;
+
+	//TODO: Is this necessary?
+	//int fps;
+
+private:
+	//! AnimatorSystem adjust the private member parameters of Animator;
+	friend class AnimatorSystem;
+
+	//! SDLContext reads the Animator member var's
+	friend class SDLContext;
+};
+} // namespace crepe
+//
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
index 3b20142..87cbb09 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	Scene.cpp
 	SceneManager.cpp
 	Vector2.cpp
+	Camera.cpp
+	Animator.cpp
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
@@ -38,4 +40,6 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	Metadata.h
 	SceneManager.h
 	SceneManager.hpp
+	Camera.h
+	Animator.h
 )
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..820a6a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "Camera.h"
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "Component.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+Camera::Camera(uint32_t id, const Color & bg_color)
+	: Component(id), bg_color(bg_color) {
+	dbg_trace();
+}
+
+Camera::~Camera() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Camera.h b/src/crepe/api/Camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba3a9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "Color.h"
+#include "Component.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+/**
+ * \class Camera
+ * \brief Represents a camera component for rendering in the game.
+ *
+ * The Camera class defines the view parameters, including background color, 
+ * aspect ratio, position, and zoom level. It controls what part of the game 
+ * world is visible on the screen.
+ */
+class Camera : public Component {
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs a Camera with the specified ID and background color.
+	 * \param id Unique identifier for the camera component.
+	 * \param bg_color Background color for the camera view.
+	 */
+	Camera(uint32_t id, const Color & bg_color);
+	~Camera(); // dbg_trace only
+
+public:
+	//! Background color of the camera view.
+	Color bg_color;
+
+	//! Aspect ratio height for the camera.
+	double aspect_height = 480;
+
+	//! Aspect ratio width for the camera.
+	double aspect_width = 640;
+
+	//! X-coordinate of the camera position.
+	double x = 0.0;
+
+	//! Y-coordinate of the camera position.
+	double y = 0.0;
+
+	//! Zoom level of the camera view.
+	double zoom = 1.0;
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the maximum number of camera instances allowed.
+	 * \return Maximum instance count as an integer.
+	 */
+	virtual int get_instances_max() const { return 10; }
+};
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp
index fc6313d..9e5f187 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ Color Color::cyan = Color(0, 255, 255, 0);
 Color Color::yellow = Color(255, 255, 0, 0);
 Color Color::magenta = Color(255, 0, 255, 0);
 
-// FIXME: do we really need double precision for color values?
-Color::Color(double red, double green, double blue, double alpha) {
+Color::Color(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue, uint8_t alpha) {
 	this->a = alpha;
 	this->r = red;
 	this->g = green;
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Color.h b/src/crepe/api/Color.h
index 6b54888..aa47bf4 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Color.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Color.h
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 namespace crepe {
 
+// TODO: make Color a struct w/o constructors/destructors
 class Color {
 
 	// FIXME: can't these colors be defined as a `static constexpr const Color`
 	// instead?
 
 public:
-	Color(double red, double green, double blue, double alpha);
+	Color(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue, uint8_t alpha);
 	static const Color & get_white();
 	static const Color & get_red();
 	static const Color & get_green();
@@ -19,10 +22,11 @@ public:
 	static const Color & get_black();
 
 private:
-	double r;
-	double g;
-	double b;
-	double a;
+	// TODO: why are these private!?
+	uint8_t r;
+	uint8_t g;
+	uint8_t b;
+	uint8_t a;
 
 	static Color white;
 	static Color red;
@@ -32,6 +36,9 @@ private:
 	static Color magenta;
 	static Color yellow;
 	static Color black;
+
+private:
+	friend class SDLContext;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
index 88a442b..6f0433f 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "../util/log.h"
+#include "facade/SDLContext.h"
 
 #include "Component.h"
 #include "Sprite.h"
@@ -10,13 +10,16 @@
 using namespace std;
 using namespace crepe;
 
-Sprite::Sprite(game_object_id_t id, shared_ptr<Texture> image,
+Sprite::Sprite(game_object_id_t id, const shared_ptr<Texture> image,
 			   const Color & color, const FlipSettings & flip)
 	: Component(id),
 	  color(color),
 	  flip(flip),
 	  sprite_image(image) {
 	dbg_trace();
+
+	this->sprite_rect.w = sprite_image->get_width();
+	this->sprite_rect.h = sprite_image->get_height();
 }
 
 Sprite::~Sprite() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
index 00dcb27..deb3f93 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
@@ -1,32 +1,88 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <SDL2/SDL_rect.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "api/Color.h"
-#include "api/Texture.h"
-
+#include "Color.h"
 #include "Component.h"
+#include "Texture.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
 
+struct Rect {
+	int w = 0;
+	int h = 0;
+	int x = 0;
+	int y = 0;
+};
+
 struct FlipSettings {
-	bool flip_x = true;
-	bool flip_y = true;
+	bool flip_x = false;
+	bool flip_y = false;
 };
 
+class SDLContext;
+class Animator;
+class AnimatorSystem;
+
+/**
+ * \brief Represents a renderable sprite component.
+ *
+ * A renderable sprite that can be displayed in the game. It includes a texture,
+ * color, and flip settings, and is managed in layers with defined sorting orders.
+ */
 class Sprite : public Component {
 
 public:
-	Sprite(game_object_id_t id, std::shared_ptr<Texture> image,
+	// TODO: Loek comment in github #27 will be looked another time
+	// about shared_ptr Texture
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs a Sprite with specified parameters.
+	 * \param game_id Unique identifier for the game object this sprite belongs to.
+	 * \param image Shared pointer to the texture for this sprite.
+	 * \param color Color tint applied to the sprite.
+	 * \param flip Flip settings for horizontal and vertical orientation.
+	 */
+	Sprite(game_object_id_t id, const std::shared_ptr<Texture> image,
 		   const Color & color, const FlipSettings & flip);
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Destroys the Sprite instance.
+	 */
 	~Sprite();
-	std::shared_ptr<Texture> sprite_image;
+
+	//! Texture used for the sprite
+	const std::shared_ptr<Texture> sprite_image;
+	//! Color tint of the sprite
 	Color color;
+	//! Flip settings for the sprite
 	FlipSettings flip;
-	uint8_t sorting_in_layer;
-	uint8_t order_in_layer;
+	//! Layer sorting level of the sprite
+	uint8_t sorting_in_layer = 0;
+	//! Order within the sorting layer
+	uint8_t order_in_layer = 0;
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the maximum number of instances allowed for this sprite.
+	 * \return Maximum instance count as an integer.
+	 *
+	 * For now is this number randomly picked. I think it will eventually be 1. 
+	 */
+	virtual int get_instances_max() const { return 10; }
+
+private:
+	//! Reads the sprite_rect of sprite
+	friend class SDLContext;
+
+	//! Reads the all the variables plus the  sprite_rect
+	friend class Animator;
+
+	//! Reads the all the variables plus the  sprite_rect
+	friend class AnimatorSystem;
+
+	//! Render area of the sprite this will also be adjusted by the AnimatorSystem if an Animator object is present in GameObject
+	Rect sprite_rect;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
index 8fc5c13..5ebd23d 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,19 @@ Texture::Texture(const char * src) {
 
 Texture::~Texture() {
 	dbg_trace();
-	if (this->texture != nullptr) {
-		SDL_DestroyTexture(this->texture);
-	}
+	this->texture.reset();
 }
 
 void Texture::load(unique_ptr<Asset> res) {
 	SDLContext & ctx = SDLContext::get_instance();
-	this->texture = ctx.texture_from_path(res->canonical());
+	this->texture = std::move(ctx.texture_from_path(res->canonical()));
+}
+
+int Texture::get_width() const {
+	if (this->texture == nullptr) return 0;
+	return SDLContext::get_instance().get_width(*this);
+}
+int Texture::get_height() const {
+	if (this->texture == nullptr) return 0;
+	return SDLContext::get_instance().get_width(*this);
 }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Texture.h b/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
index 9a86f6f..b89bc17 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
@@ -3,31 +3,75 @@
 // FIXME: this header can't be included because this is an API header, and SDL2
 // development headers won't be bundled with crepe. Why is this facade in the
 // API namespace?
+
 #include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "Asset.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
-class SDLContext;
-}
 
-namespace crepe {
+class SDLContext;
+class Animator;
 
+/**
+ * \class Texture
+ * \brief Manages texture loading and properties.
+ *
+ * The Texture class is responsible for loading an image from a source
+ * and providing access to its dimensions. Textures can be used for rendering.
+ */
 class Texture {
 
 public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs a Texture from a file path.
+	 * \param src Path to the image file to be loaded as a texture.
+	 */
 	Texture(const char * src);
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs a Texture from an Asset resource.
+	 * \param res Unique pointer to an Asset resource containing texture data.
+	 */
 	Texture(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Destroys the Texture instance, freeing associated resources.
+	 */
 	~Texture();
+	// FIXME: this constructor shouldn't be necessary because this class doesn't
+	// manage memory
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the width of the texture.
+	 * \return Width of the texture in pixels.
+	 */
+	int get_width() const;
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the height of the texture.
+	 * \return Height of the texture in pixels.
+	 */
+	int get_height() const;
 
 private:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Loads the texture from an Asset resource.
+	 * \param res Unique pointer to an Asset resource to load the texture from.
+	 */
 	void load(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
 
 private:
-	SDL_Texture * texture = nullptr;
+	//! The texture of the class from the library
+	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Texture, std::function<void(SDL_Texture *)>> texture;
+
+	//! Grants SDLContext access to private members.
+	friend class SDLContext;
 
-	friend class crepe::SDLContext;
+	//! Grants Animator access to private members.
+	friend class Animator;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Transform.h b/src/crepe/api/Transform.h
index d7a5b8a..756e45b 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Transform.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Transform.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public:
 public:
 	//! Translation (shift)
 	Vector2 position;
-	//! Rotation, in radians
+	//! Rotation, in degrees
 	double rotation;
 	//! Multiplication factor
 	double scale;
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/DB.cpp b/src/crepe/facade/DB.cpp
index 405f7c4..0805a08 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/DB.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/DB.cpp
@@ -63,3 +63,4 @@ bool DB::has(const std::string & key) noexcept {
 	}
 	return true;
 }
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
index 8da93e9..c4c96e2 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
 #include <SDL2/SDL.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL_image.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_rect.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL_surface.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL_video.h>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "../api/Sprite.h"
 #include "../api/Texture.h"
 #include "../api/Transform.h"
 #include "../util/log.h"
+#include "Exception.h"
 
 #include "SDLContext.h"
 
@@ -21,34 +27,6 @@ SDLContext & SDLContext::get_instance() {
 	return instance;
 }
 
-void SDLContext::handle_events(bool & running) {
-	SDL_Event event;
-	while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
-		if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) {
-			running = false;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-SDLContext::~SDLContext() {
-	dbg_trace();
-
-	if (this->game_renderer != nullptr)
-		SDL_DestroyRenderer(this->game_renderer);
-
-	if (this->game_window != nullptr) {
-		SDL_DestroyWindow(this->game_window);
-	}
-
-	// TODO: how are we going to ensure that these are called from the same
-	// thread that SDL_Init() was called on? This has caused problems for me
-	// before.
-	IMG_Quit();
-	SDL_Quit();
-}
-
-void SDLContext::clear_screen() { SDL_RenderClear(this->game_renderer); }
-
 SDLContext::SDLContext() {
 	dbg_trace();
 	// FIXME: read window defaults from config manager
@@ -59,26 +37,32 @@ SDLContext::SDLContext() {
 				  << std::endl;
 		return;
 	}
-
-	this->game_window = SDL_CreateWindow(
+	SDL_Window * tmp_window = SDL_CreateWindow(
 		"Crepe Game Engine", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
-		1920, 1080, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
-	if (!this->game_window) {
+		this->viewport.w, this->viewport.h, 0);
+	if (!tmp_window) {
 		// FIXME: throw exception
 		std::cerr << "Window could not be created! SDL_Error: "
 				  << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
+		return;
 	}
+	this->game_window
+		= {tmp_window, [](SDL_Window * window) { SDL_DestroyWindow(window); }};
 
-	this->game_renderer
-		= SDL_CreateRenderer(this->game_window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
-	if (!this->game_renderer) {
+	SDL_Renderer * tmp_renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(
+		this->game_window.get(), -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
+	if (!tmp_renderer) {
 		// FIXME: throw exception
 		std::cerr << "Renderer could not be created! SDL_Error: "
 				  << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
-		SDL_DestroyWindow(this->game_window);
+		SDL_DestroyWindow(this->game_window.get());
 		return;
 	}
 
+	this->game_renderer = {tmp_renderer, [](SDL_Renderer * renderer) {
+							   SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
+						   }};
+
 	int img_flags = IMG_INIT_PNG;
 	if (!(IMG_Init(img_flags) & img_flags)) {
 		// FIXME: throw exception
@@ -87,71 +71,123 @@ SDLContext::SDLContext() {
 	}
 }
 
-void SDLContext::present_screen() { SDL_RenderPresent(this->game_renderer); }
+SDLContext::~SDLContext() {
+	dbg_trace();
 
-void SDLContext::draw(const Sprite & sprite, const Transform & transform) {
+	this->game_renderer.reset();
+	this->game_window.reset();
 
-	static SDL_RendererFlip render_flip
+	// TODO: how are we going to ensure that these are called from the same
+	// thread that SDL_Init() was called on? This has caused problems for me
+	// before.
+	IMG_Quit();
+	SDL_Quit();
+}
+
+void SDLContext::handle_events(bool & running) {
+	//TODO: wouter i need events
+	/*
+	SDL_Event event;
+	SDL_PollEvent(&event);
+	switch (event.type) {
+		case SDL_QUIT:
+			running = false;
+			break;
+		case SDL_KEYDOWN:
+			triggerEvent(KeyPressedEvent(getCustomKey(event.key.keysym.sym)));
+			break;
+		case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
+			int x, y;
+			SDL_GetMouseState(&x, &y);
+			triggerEvent(MousePressedEvent(x, y));
+			break;
+	}
+	*/
+}
+
+void SDLContext::clear_screen() { SDL_RenderClear(this->game_renderer.get()); }
+void SDLContext::present_screen() {
+	SDL_RenderPresent(this->game_renderer.get());
+}
+
+void SDLContext::draw(const Sprite & sprite, const Transform & transform,
+					  const Camera & cam) {
+
+	SDL_RendererFlip render_flip
 		= (SDL_RendererFlip) ((SDL_FLIP_HORIZONTAL * sprite.flip.flip_x)
 							  | (SDL_FLIP_VERTICAL * sprite.flip.flip_y));
 
-	int w, h;
-	SDL_QueryTexture(sprite.sprite_image->texture, NULL, NULL, &w, &h);
-	// needs maybe camera for position
+	double adjusted_x = (transform.position.x - cam.x) * cam.zoom;
+	double adjusted_y = (transform.position.y - cam.y) * cam.zoom;
+	double adjusted_w = sprite.sprite_rect.w * transform.scale * cam.zoom;
+	double adjusted_h = sprite.sprite_rect.h * transform.scale * cam.zoom;
+
+	SDL_Rect srcrect = {
+		.x = sprite.sprite_rect.x,
+		.y = sprite.sprite_rect.y,
+		.w = sprite.sprite_rect.w,
+		.h = sprite.sprite_rect.h,
+	};
+
 	SDL_Rect dstrect = {
-		.x = static_cast<int>(transform.position.x),
-		.y = static_cast<int>(transform.position.y),
-		.w = static_cast<int>(w * transform.scale),
-		.h = static_cast<int>(h * transform.scale),
+		.x = static_cast<int>(adjusted_x),
+		.y = static_cast<int>(adjusted_y),
+		.w = static_cast<int>(adjusted_w),
+		.h = static_cast<int>(adjusted_h),
 	};
 
-	double degrees = transform.rotation * 180 / M_PI;
-	SDL_RenderCopyEx(this->game_renderer, sprite.sprite_image->texture, NULL,
-					 &dstrect, degrees, NULL, render_flip);
+	SDL_RenderCopyEx(this->game_renderer.get(),
+					 sprite.sprite_image->texture.get(), &srcrect,
+
+					 &dstrect, transform.rotation, NULL, render_flip);
 }
 
-/*
-SDL_Texture * SDLContext::setTextureFromPath(const char * path, SDL_Rect & clip,
-											 const int row, const int col) {
-	dbg_trace();
+void SDLContext::camera(const Camera & cam) {
+	this->viewport.w = static_cast<int>(cam.aspect_width);
+	this->viewport.h = static_cast<int>(cam.aspect_height);
+	this->viewport.x = static_cast<int>(cam.x) - (SCREEN_WIDTH / 2);
+	this->viewport.y = static_cast<int>(cam.y) - (SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2);
 
-	SDL_Surface * tmp = IMG_Load(path);
-	if (!tmp) {
-		std::cerr << "Error surface " << IMG_GetError << std::endl;
-	}
+	SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(this->game_renderer.get(), cam.bg_color.r,
+						   cam.bg_color.g, cam.bg_color.b, cam.bg_color.a);
+}
 
-	clip.
-		w = tmp->w / col;
-	clip.h = tmp->h / row;
+uint64_t SDLContext::get_ticks() const { return SDL_GetTicks64(); }
 
-	SDL_Texture * CreatedTexture
-		= SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(this->game_renderer, tmp);
+std::unique_ptr<SDL_Texture, std::function<void(SDL_Texture *)>>
+SDLContext::texture_from_path(const std::string & path) {
 
-	if (!CreatedTexture) {
-		std::cerr << "Error could not create texture " << IMG_GetError
-				  << std::endl;
+	SDL_Surface * tmp = IMG_Load(path.c_str());
+	if (tmp == nullptr) {
+		throw Exception("surface cannot be load from %s", path.c_str());
 	}
-	SDL_FreeSurface(tmp);
 
-	return CreatedTexture;
-}
-*/
+	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Surface, std::function<void(SDL_Surface *)>>
+		img_surface;
+	img_surface
+		= {tmp, [](SDL_Surface * surface) { SDL_FreeSurface(surface); }};
 
-SDL_Texture * SDLContext::texture_from_path(const char * path) {
-	dbg_trace();
+	SDL_Texture * tmp_texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(
+		this->game_renderer.get(), img_surface.get());
 
-	SDL_Surface * tmp = IMG_Load(path);
-	if (!tmp) {
-		std::cerr << "Error surface " << IMG_GetError << std::endl;
+	if (tmp_texture == nullptr) {
+		throw Exception("Texture cannot be load from %s", path.c_str());
 	}
-	SDL_Texture * created_texture
-		= SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(this->game_renderer, tmp);
 
-	if (!created_texture) {
-		std::cerr << "Error could not create texture " << IMG_GetError
-				  << std::endl;
-	}
-	SDL_FreeSurface(tmp);
+	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Texture, std::function<void(SDL_Texture *)>>
+		img_texture;
+	img_texture = {tmp_texture,
+				   [](SDL_Texture * texture) { SDL_DestroyTexture(texture); }};
 
-	return created_texture;
+	return img_texture;
+}
+int SDLContext::get_width(const Texture & ctx) const {
+	int w;
+	SDL_QueryTexture(ctx.texture.get(), NULL, NULL, &w, NULL);
+	return w;
+}
+int SDLContext::get_height(const Texture & ctx) const {
+	int h;
+	SDL_QueryTexture(ctx.texture.get(), NULL, NULL, NULL, &h);
+	return h;
 }
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
index f1ba8a6..e358c21 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
@@ -1,48 +1,146 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <SDL2/SDL_keycode.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL_video.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "../api/Sprite.h"
 #include "../api/Transform.h"
-#include "../system/RenderSystem.h"
+#include "api/Camera.h"
+
+// FIXME: this needs to be removed
+const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 640;
+const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480;
 
 namespace crepe {
 
+// TODO: SDL_Keycode is defined in a header not distributed with crepe, which
+// means this typedef is unusable when crepe is packaged. Wouter will fix this
+// later.
+typedef SDL_Keycode CREPE_KEYCODES;
+
 class Texture;
+class LoopManager;
+
+/**
+ * \class SDLContext
+ * \brief Facade for the SDL library
+ * 
+ * SDLContext is a singleton that handles the SDL window and renderer, provides methods
+ * for event handling, and rendering to the screen. It is never used directly by the user
+ */
 class SDLContext {
 
 public:
-	// singleton
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the singleton instance of SDLContext.
+	 * \return Reference to the SDLContext instance.
+	 */
 	static SDLContext & get_instance();
+
 	SDLContext(const SDLContext &) = delete;
 	SDLContext(SDLContext &&) = delete;
 	SDLContext & operator=(const SDLContext &) = delete;
 	SDLContext & operator=(SDLContext &&) = delete;
 
-	//TODO decide events wouter?
-
 private:
+	//! will only use handle_events
+	friend class LoopManager;
+	/**
+	 * \brief Handles SDL events such as window close and input.
+	 * \param running Reference to a boolean flag that controls the main loop.
+	 */
 	void handle_events(bool & running);
 
 private:
+	//! Will only use get_ticks
+	friend class AnimatorSystem;
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the current SDL ticks since the program started.
+	 * \return Current ticks in milliseconds as a constant uint64_t.
+	 */
+	uint64_t get_ticks() const;
+
+private:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Constructs an SDLContext instance.
+	 * Initializes SDL, creates a window and renderer.
+	 */
 	SDLContext();
-	virtual ~SDLContext();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Destroys the SDLContext instance.
+	 * Cleans up SDL resources, including the window and renderer.
+	 */
+	~SDLContext();
 
 private:
+	//! Will use the funtions: texture_from_path, get_width,get_height.
 	friend class Texture;
-	SDL_Texture * texture_from_path(const char *);
-	//SDL_Texture* setTextureFromPath(const char*, SDL_Rect& clip, const int row, const int col);
+
+	//! Will use the funtions: texture_from_path, get_width,get_height.
+	friend class Animator;
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Loads a texture from a file path.
+	 * \param path Path to the image file.
+	 * \return Pointer to the created SDL_Texture.
+	 */
+	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Texture, std::function<void(SDL_Texture *)>>
+	texture_from_path(const std::string & path);
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the width of a texture.
+	 * \param texture Reference to the Texture object.
+	 * \return Width of the texture as an integer.
+	 */
+	int get_width(const Texture &) const;
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the height of a texture.
+	 * \param texture Reference to the Texture object.
+	 * \return Height of the texture as an integer.
+	 */
+	int get_height(const Texture &) const;
 
 private:
+	//! Will use draw,clear_screen, present_screen, camera.
 	friend class RenderSystem;
-	void draw(const Sprite &, const Transform &);
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Draws a sprite to the screen using the specified transform and camera.
+	 * \param sprite Reference to the Sprite to draw.
+	 * \param transform Reference to the Transform for positioning.
+	 * \param camera Reference to the Camera for view adjustments.
+	 */
+	void draw(const Sprite & sprite, const Transform & transform,
+			  const Camera & camera);
+
+	//! Clears the screen, preparing for a new frame.
 	void clear_screen();
+
+	//! Presents the rendered frame to the screen.
 	void present_screen();
 
+	/**
+	 * \brief Sets the current camera for rendering.
+	 * \param camera Reference to the Camera object.
+	 */
+	void camera(const Camera & camera);
+
 private:
-	SDL_Window * game_window = nullptr;
-	SDL_Renderer * game_renderer = nullptr;
+	//! sdl Window
+	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Window, std::function<void(SDL_Window *)>> game_window;
+
+	//! renderer for the crepe engine
+	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Renderer, std::function<void(SDL_Renderer *)>>
+		game_renderer;
+
+	//! viewport for the camera window
+	SDL_Rect viewport = {0, 0, 640, 480};
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf45362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "api/Animator.h"
+#include "facade/SDLContext.h"
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "AnimatorSystem.h"
+#include "ComponentManager.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+AnimatorSystem::AnimatorSystem() { dbg_trace(); }
+AnimatorSystem::~AnimatorSystem() { dbg_trace(); }
+
+AnimatorSystem & AnimatorSystem::get_instance() {
+	static AnimatorSystem instance;
+	return instance;
+}
+
+void AnimatorSystem::update() {
+	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
+
+	std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Animator>> animations
+		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Animator>();
+
+	uint64_t tick = SDLContext::get_instance().get_ticks();
+	for (Animator & a : animations) {
+		if (a.active) {
+			a.curr_row = (tick / 100) % a.row;
+			a.animator_rect.x = (a.curr_row * a.animator_rect.w) + a.curr_col;
+			a.spritesheet.sprite_rect = a.animator_rect;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..969e9d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/system/AnimatorSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "System.h"
+
+//TODO:
+// control if flip works with animation system
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+/**
+ * \brief The AnimatorSystem is responsible for managing and updating all Animator components.
+ *
+ * This system is responsible for controlling the behavior of the animations for all entities
+ * that have the Animator component attached. It updates the animations by controlling their
+ * frame changes, looping behavior, and overall animation state.
+ */
+class AnimatorSystem : public System {
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Retrieves the singleton instance of the AnimatorSystem.
+	 *
+	 * \return A reference to the single instance of the AnimatorSystem.
+	 *
+	 * This method ensures that there is only one instance of the AnimatorSystem, following the
+	 * singleton design pattern. It can be used to access the system globally.
+	 */
+	static AnimatorSystem & get_instance();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Updates the Animator components.
+	 *
+	 * This method is called periodically (likely every frame) to update the state of all
+	 * Animator components, moving the animations forward and managing their behavior (e.g., looping).
+	 */
+	void update() override;
+
+private:
+	// private because singleton
+	AnimatorSystem(); // dbg_trace
+	~AnimatorSystem(); // dbg_trace
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
index ff6f66f..4c18b87 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/system/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	PhysicsSystem.cpp
 	CollisionSystem.cpp
 	RenderSystem.cpp
+	AnimatorSystem.cpp
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
@@ -12,4 +13,5 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	PhysicsSystem.h
 	CollisionSystem.h
 	RenderSystem.h
+	AnimatorSystem.h
 )
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
index 5a07cc2..10211a3 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,25 @@ RenderSystem & RenderSystem::get_instance() {
 	return instance;
 }
 
-void RenderSystem::update() {
+void RenderSystem::clear_screen() const {
+	SDLContext::get_instance().clear_screen();
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::present_screen() const {
+	SDLContext::get_instance().present_screen();
+}
+void RenderSystem::update_camera() {
+	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
+
+	std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Camera>> cameras
+		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Camera>();
+
+	for (Camera & cam : cameras) {
+		SDLContext::get_instance().camera(cam);
+		this->curr_cam = &cam;
+	}
+}
+void RenderSystem::render_sprites() const {
 
 	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
 
@@ -28,14 +46,16 @@ void RenderSystem::update() {
 		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Sprite>();
 
 	SDLContext & render = SDLContext::get_instance();
-	render.clear_screen();
-
 	for (const Sprite & sprite : sprites) {
-		std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Transform>> transforms
+		auto transforms
 			= mgr.get_components_by_id<Transform>(sprite.game_object_id);
-		for (const Transform & transform : transforms) {
-			render.draw(sprite, transform);
-		}
+		render.draw(sprite, transforms[0], *curr_cam);
 	}
-	render.present_screen();
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::update() {
+	this->clear_screen();
+	this->update_camera();
+	this->render_sprites();
+	this->present_screen();
 }
diff --git a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
index 4b910a4..70db21a 100644
--- a/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
+++ b/src/crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
@@ -1,17 +1,64 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "api/Camera.h"
+
 #include "System.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
 
+/**
+ * \class RenderSystem
+ * \brief Manages rendering operations for all game objects.
+ *
+ * RenderSystem is responsible for rendering sprites, clearing and presenting the screen, 
+ * and managing the active camera. It functions as a singleton, providing centralized 
+ * rendering services for the application.
+ */
 class RenderSystem : public System {
 
 public:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Gets the singleton instance of RenderSystem.
+	 * \return Reference to the RenderSystem instance.
+	 */
 	static RenderSystem & get_instance();
-	void update();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Updates the RenderSystem for the current frame.
+	 * This method is called to perform all rendering operations for the current game frame.
+	 */
+	void update() override;
 
 private:
+	// Private constructor to enforce singleton pattern.
 	RenderSystem();
 	~RenderSystem();
+
+	//! Clears the screen in preparation for rendering.
+	void clear_screen() const;
+
+	//! Presents the rendered frame to the display.
+	void present_screen() const;
+
+	//! Updates the active camera used for rendering.
+	void update_camera();
+
+	//! Renders all active sprites to the screen.
+	void render_sprites() const;
+
+	/**
+	 * \todo Include color handling for sprites.
+	 * \todo Implement particle emitter rendering with sprites.
+	 * \todo Add text rendering using SDL_ttf for text components.
+	 * \todo Implement a text component and a button component.
+	 * \todo Ensure each sprite is checked for active status before rendering.
+	 * \todo Sort all layers by order before rendering.
+	 * \todo Consider adding text input functionality.
+	 */
+
+private:
+	//! Pointer to the current active camera for rendering
+	Camera * curr_cam = nullptr;
+	// TODO: needs a better solution
 };
 } // namespace crepe