merge master into loek/config

116 files changed, 10853 insertions, 132 deletions

diff --git a/.clang-tidy b/.clang-tidy
index 214a5ab..3408f75 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy
+++ b/.clang-tidy
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Checks: '-*,readability-identifier-naming'
 CheckOptions:
   - key: 'readability-identifier-naming.EnumCase'
-    value: 'lower_case'
+    value: 'CamelCase'
   - key: 'readability-identifier-naming.GlobalFunctionCase'
     value: 'lower_case'
   - key: 'readability-identifier-naming.ClassCase'
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ CheckOptions:
   - key: 'readability-identifier-naming.MacroDefinitionIgnoredRegexp'
     value: '_.*'
   - key: 'readability-identifier-naming.StructCase'
-    value: 'lower_case'
+    value: 'CamelCase'
 
 # vim: ft=yaml
 
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index ec69436..27d5402 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,16 @@
 build
 doxygen
 .cache
+
+CMakeLists.txt.user
+CMakeCache.txt
+CMakeFiles
+CMakeScripts
+Testing
+Makefile
+cmake_install.cmake
+install_manifest.txt
+compile_commands.json
+CTestTestfile.cmake
+_deps
+CMakeUserPresets.json
diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
index 7dd39b2..481519b 100644
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -10,3 +10,7 @@
 	path = lib/sdl2
 	url = https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL
 	shallow = true
+[submodule "lib/sdl_image/src"]
+	path = lib/sdl_image
+	url = https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_image
+	shallow = true
diff --git a/asset/spritesheet/spritesheet_test.png b/asset/spritesheet/spritesheet_test.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d68a72a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asset/spritesheet/spritesheet_test.png
diff --git a/asset/texture/img.png b/asset/texture/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43b1eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asset/texture/img.png
diff --git a/asset/tiled/demo.tmx b/asset/tiled/demo.tmx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8183148
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asset/tiled/demo.tmx
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<map version="1.0" orientation="orthogonal" renderorder="right-down" width="15" height="8" tilewidth="64" tileheight="64" nextobjectid="1">
+ <tileset firstgid="1" name="tileset" tilewidth="64" tileheight="64" tilecount="42" columns="6">
+  <image source="images/tilemap/tileset.png" width="384" height="448"/>
+ </tileset>
+ <layer name="Tile Layer 1" width="15" height="8">
+  <data encoding="base64" compression="zlib">
+   eJxjYBj6gBeIeZAwH5H6OIFYBQvmooEbBwoAAO2gAQc=
+  </data>
+ </layer>
+ <layer name="Tile Layer 2" width="15" height="8">
+  <data encoding="base64" compression="zlib">
+   eJxjYBhcgIUCvcxIbH5KHTJMAAAZ1AAX
+  </data>
+ </layer>
+ <layer name="Tile Layer 3" width="15" height="8">
+  <data encoding="base64" compression="zlib">
+   eJxjYBjaQBCIBaCYG4k9CiAAAGXcAF0=
+  </data>
+ </layer>
+</map>
diff --git a/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/license b/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/license
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1676dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/license
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+tileset by Alucard
+http://opengameart.org/content/pixel-art-platformer-complete-pack
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/platform.tsx b/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/platform.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a48b12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/platform.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<tileset name="" tilewidth="64" tileheight="64" tilecount="42" columns="6">
+ <properties>
+  <property name="bool property" type="bool" value="false"/>
+  <property name="float property" type="float" value="56.770000000000003"/>
+  <property name="int property" type="int" value="12"/>
+  <property name="string property" value="shoes"/>
+ </properties>
+ <image source="tileset.png" trans="ff00ff" width="384" height="448"/>
+ <terraintypes>
+  <terrain name="brown" tile="-1"/>
+  <terrain name="green" tile="-1"/>
+ </terraintypes>
+ <tile id="0" terrain=",0,,0"/>
+ <tile id="22" terrain="1,1,1,"/>
+ <tile id="25" terrain=",1,,1"/>
+ <tile id="26" terrain="0,,0,"/>
+</tileset>
diff --git a/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/tileset.png b/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/tileset.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f13825d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/tileset.png
diff --git a/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/tileset02.png b/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/tileset02.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f594e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asset/tiled/images/tilemap/tileset02.png
diff --git a/asset/tiled/platform.tmx b/asset/tiled/platform.tmx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b40b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asset/tiled/platform.tmx
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<map version="1.0" orientation="orthogonal" renderorder="left-down" width="200" height="40" tilewidth="64" tileheight="64" nextobjectid="46">
+ <properties>
+  <property name="test map property" type="float" value="12.43"/>
+ </properties>
+ <tileset firstgid="1" source="../images/tilemap/platform.tsx"/>
+ <tileset firstgid="43" name="tileset02" tilewidth="32" tileheight="32" tilecount="24" columns="6">
+  <image source="../images/tilemap/tileset02.png" width="192" height="128"/>
+ </tileset>
+ <layer name="Far" width="200" height="40">
+  <data encoding="base64" compression="zlib">
+   eJzt2VsKwyAQBdCsoo8VNN3/BvvbQC1Em9iZOQeE/AQcyFXjLAuc69YxIKuePMgLVckCtNkz4LvrjgGVXHYMqGZPPuSFSuQCPrt3Dshudt/jOfAuZLfOngD8MfmANvkY43ya22P2BIKzvkCbfECbfECb8ykAAABnqNb/qlYvY6rdX0avV77PVe3+Mnq90fMNv/a+Z8gHbK2NZ2B7Jox+PqQO/8rQZi0HAAAAiCf7nWf2+jhW9v5u9vo41sj3E2Ftlg9GjPTMIvTbIswRYKYXswgSvA==
+  </data>
+ </layer>
+ <layer name="Middle" width="200" height="40">
+  <properties>
+   <property name="test layer property" type="bool" value="true"/>
+  </properties>
+  <data encoding="base64" compression="zlib">
+   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
+  </data>
+ </layer>
+ <layer name="Near" width="200" height="40">
+  <data encoding="base64" compression="zlib">
+   eJzt2+FqwjAUBtDihO2fbnPv/6rbYGUxNOuqbW9izoEgIsqF+jVpczsMAAAAAACkPqILgIq9RxdA1U7RBQSTDyiTjz4dowtoxJr5eP0a52T0PjfX7PDzuuUxajmDY+3mD7byFF3AHcba5YN7nSfGt0PxG/WLzke6FnsLqgFKovNBXVwrXhvnvsswPT9ODed5lvC/YU/5+t45HwCgX+la0HUJsIaWexBga3M9CM+7VAH1SNedf/Ug9JCNUm8G9Mxzm1CmrwfKWsrHXN/RlP/s7S/9TfqR58N9PPiV5+PWZ4n0YPGI1soHPKJL9r7lZ+0AAAAgZQ+Bnr3MfO4eKb3LM5Lujy29Rzq3t3ZLX8VeTkPd9QHU4hO/Kwa1
+  </data>
+ </layer>
+ <objectgroup name="Objects" offsetx="1" offsety="-2">
+  <properties>
+   <property name="another object layer property" value="salmon"/>
+   <property name="object layer property" type="bool" value="false"/>
+  </properties>
+  <object id="1" name="Buns" type="Floor" x="128" y="2496" width="2240" height="64"/>
+  <object id="2" name="Flaps" type="Wall" x="0" y="0" width="64" height="2434">
+   <properties>
+    <property name="Custom Object Property" type="bool" value="true"/>
+   </properties>
+  </object>
+  <object id="3" name="Dicketry" type="Wall" x="64" y="2432">
+   <polyline points="0,0 64,64"/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="4" x="2368" y="2496">
+   <polyline points="0,0 0,-64 64,-64 64,-128 256,-128 256,-192 384,-192 384,-256 448,-256 448,-320 576,-320 576,-384 704,-384 704,-448 1344,-448 1344,-384 1408,-384 1408,-320 1472,-320 1472,-256 1536,-256 1536,-192 1600,-192 1600,-128 1728,-128 1728,-64 1792,-64 1792,0"/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="6" x="576" y="640" width="128" height="64" rotation="90">
+   <ellipse/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="8" x="768" y="1152" rotation="45">
+   <polygon points="0,0 -66,98 -22,206 100,234 226,152 187,3"/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="19" x="1408" y="768">
+   <polygon points="175,0 -45,11 73,39 -27,80 220,128 128,68"/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="23" x="4160" y="2496" width="896" height="64"/>
+  <object id="24" x="4224" y="1920" width="768" height="64"/>
+  <object id="25" x="3264" y="1600" width="640" height="64"/>
+  <object id="26" x="3904" y="1152" width="576" height="64"/>
+  <object id="27" x="5312" y="320" width="384" height="64"/>
+  <object id="28" x="5696" y="576" width="384" height="64"/>
+  <object id="29" x="5312" y="768" width="320" height="64"/>
+  <object id="30" x="5504" y="1024" width="512" height="64"/>
+  <object id="31" x="6464" y="896" width="576" height="64"/>
+  <object id="32" x="6912" y="1088" width="384" height="64"/>
+  <object id="33" x="7040" y="1344" width="576" height="64"/>
+  <object id="34" x="6016" y="1792" width="1920" height="64"/>
+  <object id="35" x="9408" y="1024" width="1536" height="64"/>
+  <object id="36" x="10112" y="384" width="640" height="64"/>
+  <object id="37" x="11200" y="704" width="448" height="64"/>
+  <object id="38" x="11840" y="896" width="512" height="64"/>
+  <object id="39" x="11520" y="1536" width="1152" height="64"/>
+  <object id="40" x="12736" y="0" width="64" height="1472"/>
+  <object id="41" x="12736" y="1472">
+   <polyline points="0,0 -64,64"/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="42" x="11520" y="1536">
+   <polyline points="0,0 0,-64 -64,-64 -64,-128 -128,-128 -128,-192 -192,-192 -192,-256 -320,-256 -320,-320 -384,-320 -384,-384 -448,-384 -448,-448 -576,-448"/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="43" x="9408" y="1088">
+   <polyline points="0,0 -256,0 -256,64 -384,64 -384,128 -512,128 -512,192 -704,192 -704,256 -896,256 -896,320 -1088,320 -1088,384 -1152,384 -1152,448 -1216,448 -1216,512 -1280,512 -1280,576 -1344,576 -1344,640 -1472,640 -1472,704"/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="44" x="6016" y="1856">
+   <polyline points="0,0 -64,0 -64,64 -192,64 -192,128 -320,128 -320,192 -384,192 -384,256 -512,256 -512,320 -640,320 -640,384 -704,384 -704,448 -768,448 -768,512 -896,512 -896,576 -960,576 -960,640"/>
+  </object>
+  <object id="45" x="64" y="0">
+   <polyline points="0,0 12672,0"/>
+  </object>
+ </objectgroup>
+ <imagelayer name="Test Image Layer" offsetx="4224" offsety="1536">
+  <image source="../images/mask_test.png" width="128" height="128"/>
+  <properties>
+   <property name="image layer property" value="buns"/>
+  </properties>
+ </imagelayer>
+</map>
diff --git a/contributing.md b/contributing.md
index 364e835..a6e5074 100644
--- a/contributing.md
+++ b/contributing.md
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 - TODO: tagging / versions
 
+
 # Code style
 
 - ASCII only
@@ -25,6 +26,11 @@
   decisions
 - Formatting nitty-gritty is handled by clang-format/clang-tidy (run `make
   format` in the root folder of this repository to format all sources files)
+- Header includes are split into paragraphs separated by a blank line. The
+  order is:
+  1. system headers (using `<`brackets`>`)
+  2. relative headers NOT in the same folder as the current file
+  3. relative headers in the same folder as the current file
 - When using libraries of which the header include order is important, make
   sure to separate the include statements using a blank line (clang-format may
   sort include statements, but does not sort across empty lines).
@@ -32,7 +38,7 @@
   user-facing APIs under `crepe::api` (the folder structure should also reflect
   this).
 - `using namespace` may not be used in header files, only in source files.
-- Do not (indirectly) include private dependency headers in API header files,
+- Do not (indirectly) include private *dependency* headers in API header files,
   as these are no longer accessible when the engine is installed
 - Getter and setter functions are appropriately prefixed with `get_` and
   `set_`.
@@ -59,6 +65,14 @@
   declaration instead of using the constructor.
 - Header files declare either a single class or symbols within a single
   namespace.
+- Only use member initializer lists for non-trivial types.
+- C++-style structs should define default values for all non-trivial fields.
+- Declare incomplete classes instead of including the relevant header where
+  possible (i.e. if you only need a reference or pointer type).
+- Template functions are only declared in a `.h` header, and defined in a
+  matching `.hpp` header.
+- Where possible, end (initializer) lists with a trailing comma (e.g. with
+  structs, enums)
 
 ## CMakeLists specific
 
diff --git a/lib/sdl_image b/lib/sdl_image
new file mode 160000
+Subproject c6c7278b86b5de1232b10de8f612ed05cf2d11f
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/Audio_asset.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/Audio_asset.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20c98b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/Audio_asset.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+
+#include "Audio_asset.h"
+#include <string>
+
+Audio::Audio(const std::string & content) { this->m_content = content; }
+
+Audio::~Audio() {}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/Audio_asset.h b/mwe/resource-manager/Audio_asset.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d1954d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/Audio_asset.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "resource.h"
+#include <string>
+
+class Audio : public Resource {
+
+public:
+	Audio(const std::string &);
+	~Audio();
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/CMakeLists.txt b/mwe/resource-manager/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbee3dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.28)
+
+SET(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/modules/")
+# Set C and C++ standards
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS 1)
+
+# Enable debug features
+set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)
+add_compile_definitions(DEBUG)
+
+# Project name and supported languages
+project(crepe C CXX)
+
+find_package(TMXLITE REQUIRED)
+find_package(SDL2 REQUIRED)
+find_package(SDL2_image REQUIRED)
+
+
+# Add all source files to the executable
+add_executable(main 
+    main.cpp
+    Audio_asset.cpp
+    Image_asset.cpp
+    resource_fabricator.cpp
+	tiledMap.cpp
+    resource_manager.cpp
+    resource_converter.cpp
+	spritesheet.cpp
+	constants.cpp
+	map_asset.cpp
+	map_layer.cpp
+	TextureMap.cpp
+)
+
+target_include_directories(main PRIVATE ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${SDL2_IMAGE_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${TMXLITE_INCLUDE_DIR} .)
+
+target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE ${SDL2_LIBRARIES} SDL2_image::SDL2_image ${TMXLITE_LIBRARIES} )
+
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/Image_asset.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/Image_asset.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ab9116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/Image_asset.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+
+#include "Image_asset.h"
+#include <SDL_image.h>
+#include <SDL_surface.h>
+#include <string>
+
+Texture::Texture(const std::string & content) { this->m_content = content; }
+
+Texture::~Texture() {}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/Image_asset.h b/mwe/resource-manager/Image_asset.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19579de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/Image_asset.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "resource.h"
+#include <string>
+
+class Texture : public Resource {
+
+public:
+	Texture(const std::string &);
+	~Texture();
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/TextureMap.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/TextureMap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d82975c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/TextureMap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "TextureMap.h"
+
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb_image.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
+
+TextureMap::TextureMap() : m_texture(nullptr) {}
+
+TextureMap::~TextureMap() {
+	if (m_texture) {
+		SDL_DestroyTexture(m_texture);
+	}
+}
+
+//public
+bool TextureMap::loadFromFile(const std::string & path,
+							  SDL_Renderer * renderer) {
+	assert(renderer != nullptr);
+	assert(!path.empty());
+
+	std::int32_t x = 0;
+	std::int32_t y = 0;
+	std::int32_t c = 0;
+	unsigned char * data = stbi_load(path.c_str(), &x, &y, &c, 0);
+
+	if (data) {
+		std::int32_t pitch = x * c;
+		pitch = (pitch + 3) & ~3;
+
+		constexpr std::int32_t rmask = 0x000000ff;
+		constexpr std::int32_t gmask = 0x0000ff00;
+		constexpr std::int32_t bmask = 0x00ff0000;
+		const std::int32_t amask = c == 4 ? 0xff000000 : 0;
+
+		auto * surface = SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceFrom(data, x, y, c * 8, pitch,
+												  rmask, gmask, bmask, amask);
+
+		if (!surface) {
+			std::cerr << "Unable to create texture surface: " << SDL_GetError()
+					  << "\n";
+			stbi_image_free(data);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		m_texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, surface);
+
+		SDL_FreeSurface(surface);
+		stbi_image_free(data);
+
+		if (!m_texture) {
+			std::cerr << "Failed to create texture for " << path << "\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		//sets alpha blending
+		//SDL_SetTextureBlendMode(m_texture, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);
+		m_size.x = x;
+		m_size.y = y;
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/TextureMap.h b/mwe/resource-manager/TextureMap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04b12a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/TextureMap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDL_rect.h>
+#include <SDL_render.h>
+#include <string>
+
+class TextureMap final {
+public:
+	TextureMap();
+	~TextureMap();
+
+	TextureMap(const TextureMap &) = delete;
+	TextureMap(TextureMap &&) = delete;
+
+	TextureMap & operator=(const TextureMap &) = delete;
+	TextureMap & operator=(TextureMap &&) = delete;
+
+	bool loadFromFile(const std::string &, SDL_Renderer *);
+	SDL_Point getSize() const { return m_size; }
+
+	operator SDL_Texture *() { return m_texture; }
+
+private:
+	SDL_Texture * m_texture;
+	SDL_Point m_size;
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/Untitled.jpeg b/mwe/resource-manager/Untitled.jpeg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa4d289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/Untitled.jpeg
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/cmake/modules/FindTMXLITE.cmake b/mwe/resource-manager/cmake/modules/FindTMXLITE.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ca7154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/cmake/modules/FindTMXLITE.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+find_path(TMXLITE_INCLUDE_DIR NAMES tmxlite/Config.hpp PATH_SUFFIXES include)
+
+find_library(TMXLITE_LIBRARY_DEBUG NAMES tmxlite-d)
+find_library(TMXLITE_LIBRARY_RELEASE NAMES tmxlite)
+
+include(SelectLibraryConfigurations)
+select_library_configurations(TMXLITE)
+
+include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
+FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS(TMXLITE DEFAULT_MSG TMXLITE_LIBRARY TMXLITE_INCLUDE_DIR)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/constants.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/constants.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..524aae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/constants.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "constants.h"
+#include <string>
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+const std::string Constants::PNG_EXT = ".png";
+const std::string Constants::OGG_EXT = ".ogg";
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/constants.h b/mwe/resource-manager/constants.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5abe506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/constants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+namespace crepe {
+
+class Constants {
+public:
+	using FILE_PATH = std::string;
+
+	static const std::string PNG_EXT;
+	static const std::string OGG_EXT;
+};
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/img.png b/mwe/resource-manager/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43b1eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/img.png
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/main.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6416f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+
+
+#include "Image_asset.h"
+#include "map_asset.h"
+#include "resource_converter.h"
+#include "resource_manager.h"
+#include "spritesheet.h"
+#include <SDL.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_image.h>
+#include <SDL_events.h>
+#include <SDL_rect.h>
+#include <SDL_render.h>
+#include <SDL_stdinc.h>
+#include <SDL_surface.h>
+#include <SDL_timer.h>
+#include <SDL_video.h>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+int main() {
+	SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
+
+	bool quit = false;
+
+	SDL_Event event;
+
+	SDL_Window * window
+		= SDL_CreateWindow("Tessting resources", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED,
+						   SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, 640, 480, 0);
+
+	SDL_Renderer * renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, 0);
+
+	ResourceManager * rm = ResourceManager::get_instance();
+	ResourceConverter resource_converter;
+
+	Texture * img = rm->Load<Texture>("../img.png");
+
+	SpriteSheet * SS = rm->Load<SpriteSheet>("../spritesheet_test.png");
+	Map * map = rm->Load<Map>("../../asset/tiled/demo.tmx");
+
+	SDL_Surface * surface = resource_converter.FromStringToImage(*img);
+	SDL_Texture * m_texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, surface);
+	SDL_FreeSurface(surface);
+
+	TiledMap testingTiledMap = resource_converter.FromStringToMap(*map);
+	testingTiledMap.SetRenderer(*renderer);
+
+	SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 168, 230, 255, 255);
+	SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
+
+	while (!quit) {
+		Uint32 ticks = SDL_GetTicks();
+		int sprite = (ticks / 100) % 4;
+
+		while (SDL_PollEvent(&event) != NULL) {
+			switch (event.type) {
+				case SDL_QUIT:
+					quit = true;
+					break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
+
+		SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, m_texture, NULL, NULL);
+		testingTiledMap.draw();
+
+		SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
+	}
+	delete rm;
+
+	SDL_DestroyTexture(m_texture);
+	SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
+	SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
+	SDL_Quit();
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/map_asset.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/map_asset.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec02cc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/map_asset.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+
+#include "map_asset.h"
+
+Map::Map(const std::string & content) { this->m_content = content; }
+
+Map::~Map() {}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/map_asset.h b/mwe/resource-manager/map_asset.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36695cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/map_asset.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "resource.h"
+#include <string>
+
+class Map : public Resource {
+
+public:
+	Map(const std::string &);
+	~Map();
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/map_layer.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/map_layer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6339707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/map_layer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+
+
+#include "map_layer.h"
+#include "TextureMap.h"
+#include <tmxlite/Layer.hpp>
+#include <tmxlite/TileLayer.hpp>
+
+MapLayer::MapLayer() {}
+
+MapLayer::~MapLayer() { m_subsets.clear(); }
+
+bool MapLayer::create(const tmx::Map & map, std::uint32_t layerIndex,
+					  const std::vector<TextureMap *> & textures) {
+	const auto & layers = map.getLayers();
+	assert(layers[layerIndex]->getType() == tmx::Layer::Type::Tile);
+
+	const auto & layer = layers[layerIndex]->getLayerAs<tmx::TileLayer>();
+	const auto mapSize = map.getTileCount();
+	const auto mapTileSize = map.getTileSize();
+	const auto & tileSets = map.getTilesets();
+
+	const auto tintColour = layer.getTintColour();
+	const SDL_Colour vertColour
+		= {tintColour.r, tintColour.g, tintColour.b, tintColour.a};
+
+	for (auto i = 0u; i < tileSets.size(); ++i) {
+		//check tile ID to see if it falls within the current tile set
+		const auto & ts = tileSets[i];
+		const auto & tileIDs = layer.getTiles();
+
+		const auto texSize = textures[i]->getSize();
+		const auto tileCountX = texSize.x / mapTileSize.x;
+		const auto tileCountY = texSize.y / mapTileSize.y;
+
+		const float uNorm = static_cast<float>(mapTileSize.x) / texSize.x;
+		const float vNorm = static_cast<float>(mapTileSize.y) / texSize.y;
+
+		std::vector<SDL_Vertex> verts;
+		for (auto y = 0u; y < mapSize.y; ++y) {
+			for (auto x = 0u; x < mapSize.x; ++x) {
+				const auto idx = y * mapSize.x + x;
+				if (idx < tileIDs.size() && tileIDs[idx].ID >= ts.getFirstGID()
+					&& tileIDs[idx].ID
+						   < (ts.getFirstGID() + ts.getTileCount())) {
+					//tex coords
+					auto idIndex = (tileIDs[idx].ID - ts.getFirstGID());
+					float u = static_cast<float>(idIndex % tileCountX);
+					float v = static_cast<float>(idIndex / tileCountY);
+					u *= mapTileSize
+							 .x; //TODO we should be using the tile set size, as this may be different from the map's grid size
+					v *= mapTileSize.y;
+
+					//normalise the UV
+					u /= textures[i]->getSize().x;
+					v /= textures[i]->getSize().y;
+
+					//vert pos
+					const float tilePosX
+						= static_cast<float>(x) * mapTileSize.x;
+					const float tilePosY
+						= (static_cast<float>(y) * mapTileSize.y);
+
+					//push back to vert array
+					SDL_Vertex vert
+						= {{tilePosX, tilePosY}, vertColour, {u, v}};
+					verts.emplace_back(vert);
+					vert = {{tilePosX + mapTileSize.x, tilePosY},
+							vertColour,
+							{u + uNorm, v}};
+					verts.emplace_back(vert);
+					vert = {{tilePosX, tilePosY + mapTileSize.y},
+							vertColour,
+							{u, v + vNorm}};
+					verts.emplace_back(vert);
+
+					vert = {{tilePosX, tilePosY + mapTileSize.y},
+							vertColour,
+							{u, v + vNorm}};
+					verts.emplace_back(vert);
+					vert = {{tilePosX + mapTileSize.x, tilePosY},
+							vertColour,
+							{u + uNorm, v}};
+					verts.emplace_back(vert);
+					vert
+						= {{tilePosX + mapTileSize.x, tilePosY + mapTileSize.y},
+						   vertColour,
+						   {u + uNorm, v + vNorm}};
+					verts.emplace_back(vert);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!verts.empty()) {
+			m_subsets.emplace_back();
+			m_subsets.back().texture = *textures[i];
+			m_subsets.back().vertexData.swap(verts);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+void MapLayer::draw(SDL_Renderer * renderer) const {
+	assert(renderer);
+	for (const auto & s : m_subsets) {
+		SDL_RenderGeometry(renderer, s.texture, s.vertexData.data(),
+						   static_cast<std::int32_t>(s.vertexData.size()),
+						   nullptr, 0);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/map_layer.h b/mwe/resource-manager/map_layer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb656ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/map_layer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "TextureMap.h"
+#include <SDL_render.h>
+#include <tmxlite/Map.hpp>
+
+class MapLayer final {
+
+public:
+	explicit MapLayer();
+	~MapLayer();
+
+	bool create(const tmx::Map &, std::uint32_t index,
+				const std::vector<TextureMap *> & textures);
+	void draw(SDL_Renderer *) const;
+
+private:
+	struct subset final {
+		std::vector<SDL_Vertex> vertexData;
+		SDL_Texture * texture = nullptr;
+	};
+	std::vector<subset> m_subsets;
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/resource.h b/mwe/resource-manager/resource.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a81e127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/resource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+class Resource {
+public:
+	virtual ~Resource() = default;
+
+	const std::string & getContent() const { return this->m_content; }
+
+protected:
+	std::string m_content;
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/resource_converter.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_converter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0477dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_converter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+
+#include "resource_converter.h"
+#include "Image_asset.h"
+#include "map_asset.h"
+#include "resource.h"
+#include <SDL_image.h>
+#include <SDL_surface.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+ResourceConverter::ResourceConverter() { IMG_Init(IMG_INIT_PNG); }
+
+ResourceConverter::~ResourceConverter() { IMG_Quit(); }
+
+SDL_Surface * ResourceConverter::FromStringToImage(const Texture & resource) {
+	const std::string & content = resource.getContent();
+	SDL_RWops * rw = SDL_RWFromConstMem(content.data(), content.size());
+	if (!rw) {
+		std::cerr << "Failed to create SDL_RWops: " << SDL_GetError()
+				  << std::endl;
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	SDL_Surface * surface = IMG_Load_RW(rw, 1);
+	if (!surface) {
+		std::cerr << "Failed to load image: " << IMG_GetError() << std::endl;
+	}
+	return surface;
+}
+
+TiledMap ResourceConverter::FromStringToMap(const Map & resource) {
+	const std::string & content = resource.getContent();
+	return TiledMap(content);
+}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/resource_converter.h b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_converter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39493c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_converter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Image_asset.h"
+#include "map_asset.h"
+#include "tiledMap.h"
+
+#include <SDL_surface.h>
+
+class ResourceConverter {
+
+public:
+	ResourceConverter();
+	~ResourceConverter();
+
+	SDL_Surface * FromStringToImage(const Texture &);
+	TiledMap FromStringToMap(const Map &);
+
+	//TODO:
+	//convertrs a string map into a real map:
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/resource_fabricator.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_fabricator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b83e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_fabricator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+
+#include "resource_fabricator.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+std::string ResourceFactory::convert_file_to_string(const std::string & path) {
+	std::ifstream file(path, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+	if (!file.is_open()) {
+		std::cerr << "Failed to open file: " << path << std::endl;
+		return "";
+	}
+
+	std::ifstream::pos_type fileSize = file.tellg();
+	file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+
+	std::vector<char> bytes(fileSize);
+	file.read(bytes.data(), fileSize);
+
+	return std::string(bytes.begin(), bytes.end());
+}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/resource_fabricator.h b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_fabricator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..302eefe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_fabricator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "resource.h"
+#include <SDL_render.h>
+#include <string>
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+class ResourceFactory {
+
+public:
+	template <typename T>
+	static Resource * create_resource(const Constants::FILE_PATH & file_path) {
+
+		return new T(convert_file_to_string(file_path));
+	}
+
+private:
+	static std::string convert_file_to_string(const std::string & path);
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/resource_manager.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_manager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..189aa8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_manager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+
+#include "resource_manager.h"
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "resource.h"
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+ResourceManager * ResourceManager::m_single_resource_manager = nullptr;
+
+ResourceManager * ResourceManager::get_instance() {
+	if (m_single_resource_manager == nullptr) {
+		m_single_resource_manager = new ResourceManager();
+	}
+	return m_single_resource_manager;
+}
+
+ResourceManager::ResourceManager() {}
+
+ResourceManager::~ResourceManager() {
+
+	for (auto pair : m_resources) {
+		delete pair.second;
+	}
+
+	delete m_single_resource_manager;
+}
+
+void ResourceManager::Unload(const Constants::FILE_PATH & file_path) {
+	std::unordered_map<Constants::FILE_PATH, Resource *>::iterator itr
+		= m_resources.find(file_path);
+	if (itr != m_resources.end()) {
+		delete itr->second;
+		m_resources.erase(itr);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/resource_manager.h b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_manager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..446bedb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/resource_manager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDL_render.h>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "constants.h"
+#include "resource.h"
+#include "resource_fabricator.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+class ResourceManager {
+
+private:
+	static ResourceManager * m_single_resource_manager;
+	std::unordered_map<Constants::FILE_PATH, Resource *> m_resources;
+
+protected:
+	ResourceManager();
+	~ResourceManager();
+
+public:
+	ResourceManager(const ResourceManager &) = delete;
+	ResourceManager(ResourceManager &&) = delete;
+	ResourceManager & operator=(const ResourceManager &) = delete;
+	ResourceManager & operator=(ResourceManager &&) = delete;
+
+	static ResourceManager * get_instance();
+
+public:
+	template <typename T>
+	T * Load(const Constants::FILE_PATH & file_path) {
+
+		if (m_resources.find(file_path) != m_resources.end()) {
+			return static_cast<T *>(m_resources[file_path]);
+		}
+
+		Resource * resource = ResourceFactory::create_resource<T>(file_path);
+		if (resource) {
+			m_resources[file_path] = std::move(resource);
+		}
+		return static_cast<T *>(m_resources[file_path]);
+	}
+
+	void Unload(const Constants::FILE_PATH & file_path);
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5881e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+
+#include "spritesheet.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+SpriteSheet::SpriteSheet(const std::string & content) {
+	this->m_content = content;
+}
+
+SpriteSheet::~SpriteSheet() {}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet.h b/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a77a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "resource.h"
+#include <string>
+
+class SpriteSheet : public Resource {
+
+public:
+	SpriteSheet(const std::string &);
+	~SpriteSheet();
+};
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet_test.png b/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet_test.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d68a72a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/spritesheet_test.png
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/stb_image.h b/mwe/resource-manager/stb_image.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce0cc10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/stb_image.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8507 @@
+/* stb_image - v2.29 - public domain image loader - http://nothings.org/stb
+                                  no warranty implied; use at your own risk
+
+   Do this:
+      #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+   before you include this file in *one* C or C++ file to create the implementation.
+
+   // i.e. it should look like this:
+   #include ...
+   #include ...
+   #include ...
+   #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+   #include "stb_image.h"
+
+   You can #define STBI_ASSERT(x) before the #include to avoid using assert.h.
+   And #define STBI_MALLOC, STBI_REALLOC, and STBI_FREE to avoid using malloc,realloc,free
+
+
+   QUICK NOTES:
+      Primarily of interest to game developers and other people who can
+          avoid problematic images and only need the trivial interface
+
+      JPEG baseline & progressive (12 bpc/arithmetic not supported, same as stock IJG lib)
+      PNG 1/2/4/8/16-bit-per-channel
+
+      TGA (not sure what subset, if a subset)
+      BMP non-1bpp, non-RLE
+      PSD (composited view only, no extra channels, 8/16 bit-per-channel)
+
+      GIF (*comp always reports as 4-channel)
+      HDR (radiance rgbE format)
+      PIC (Softimage PIC)
+      PNM (PPM and PGM binary only)
+
+      Animated GIF still needs a proper API, but here's one way to do it:
+          http://gist.github.com/urraka/685d9a6340b26b830d49
+
+      - decode from memory or through FILE (define STBI_NO_STDIO to remove code)
+      - decode from arbitrary I/O callbacks
+      - SIMD acceleration on x86/x64 (SSE2) and ARM (NEON)
+
+   Full documentation under "DOCUMENTATION" below.
+
+
+LICENSE
+
+  See end of file for license information.
+
+RECENT REVISION HISTORY:
+
+      2.29  (2023-05-xx) optimizations
+      2.28  (2023-01-29) many error fixes, security errors, just tons of stuff
+      2.27  (2021-07-11) document stbi_info better, 16-bit PNM support, bug fixes
+      2.26  (2020-07-13) many minor fixes
+      2.25  (2020-02-02) fix warnings
+      2.24  (2020-02-02) fix warnings; thread-local failure_reason and flip_vertically
+      2.23  (2019-08-11) fix clang static analysis warning
+      2.22  (2019-03-04) gif fixes, fix warnings
+      2.21  (2019-02-25) fix typo in comment
+      2.20  (2019-02-07) support utf8 filenames in Windows; fix warnings and platform ifdefs
+      2.19  (2018-02-11) fix warning
+      2.18  (2018-01-30) fix warnings
+      2.17  (2018-01-29) bugfix, 1-bit BMP, 16-bitness query, fix warnings
+      2.16  (2017-07-23) all functions have 16-bit variants; optimizations; bugfixes
+      2.15  (2017-03-18) fix png-1,2,4; all Imagenet JPGs; no runtime SSE detection on GCC
+      2.14  (2017-03-03) remove deprecated STBI_JPEG_OLD; fixes for Imagenet JPGs
+      2.13  (2016-12-04) experimental 16-bit API, only for PNG so far; fixes
+      2.12  (2016-04-02) fix typo in 2.11 PSD fix that caused crashes
+      2.11  (2016-04-02) 16-bit PNGS; enable SSE2 in non-gcc x64
+                         RGB-format JPEG; remove white matting in PSD;
+                         allocate large structures on the stack;
+                         correct channel count for PNG & BMP
+      2.10  (2016-01-22) avoid warning introduced in 2.09
+      2.09  (2016-01-16) 16-bit TGA; comments in PNM files; STBI_REALLOC_SIZED
+
+   See end of file for full revision history.
+
+
+ ============================    Contributors    =========================
+
+ Image formats                          Extensions, features
+    Sean Barrett (jpeg, png, bmp)          Jetro Lauha (stbi_info)
+    Nicolas Schulz (hdr, psd)              Martin "SpartanJ" Golini (stbi_info)
+    Jonathan Dummer (tga)                  James "moose2000" Brown (iPhone PNG)
+    Jean-Marc Lienher (gif)                Ben "Disch" Wenger (io callbacks)
+    Tom Seddon (pic)                       Omar Cornut (1/2/4-bit PNG)
+    Thatcher Ulrich (psd)                  Nicolas Guillemot (vertical flip)
+    Ken Miller (pgm, ppm)                  Richard Mitton (16-bit PSD)
+    github:urraka (animated gif)           Junggon Kim (PNM comments)
+    Christopher Forseth (animated gif)     Daniel Gibson (16-bit TGA)
+                                           socks-the-fox (16-bit PNG)
+                                           Jeremy Sawicki (handle all ImageNet JPGs)
+ Optimizations & bugfixes                  Mikhail Morozov (1-bit BMP)
+    Fabian "ryg" Giesen                    Anael Seghezzi (is-16-bit query)
+    Arseny Kapoulkine                      Simon Breuss (16-bit PNM)
+    John-Mark Allen
+    Carmelo J Fdez-Aguera
+
+ Bug & warning fixes
+    Marc LeBlanc            David Woo          Guillaume George     Martins Mozeiko
+    Christpher Lloyd        Jerry Jansson      Joseph Thomson       Blazej Dariusz Roszkowski
+    Phil Jordan                                Dave Moore           Roy Eltham
+    Hayaki Saito            Nathan Reed        Won Chun
+    Luke Graham             Johan Duparc       Nick Verigakis       the Horde3D community
+    Thomas Ruf              Ronny Chevalier                         github:rlyeh
+    Janez Zemva             John Bartholomew   Michal Cichon        github:romigrou
+    Jonathan Blow           Ken Hamada         Tero Hanninen        github:svdijk
+    Eugene Golushkov        Laurent Gomila     Cort Stratton        github:snagar
+    Aruelien Pocheville     Sergio Gonzalez    Thibault Reuille     github:Zelex
+    Cass Everitt            Ryamond Barbiero                        github:grim210
+    Paul Du Bois            Engin Manap        Aldo Culquicondor    github:sammyhw
+    Philipp Wiesemann       Dale Weiler        Oriol Ferrer Mesia   github:phprus
+    Josh Tobin              Neil Bickford      Matthew Gregan       github:poppolopoppo
+    Julian Raschke          Gregory Mullen     Christian Floisand   github:darealshinji
+    Baldur Karlsson         Kevin Schmidt      JR Smith             github:Michaelangel007
+                            Brad Weinberger    Matvey Cherevko      github:mosra
+    Luca Sas                Alexander Veselov  Zack Middleton       [reserved]
+    Ryan C. Gordon          [reserved]                              [reserved]
+                     DO NOT ADD YOUR NAME HERE
+
+                     Jacko Dirks
+
+  To add your name to the credits, pick a random blank space in the middle and fill it.
+  80% of merge conflicts on stb PRs are due to people adding their name at the end
+  of the credits.
+*/
+
+#ifndef STBI_INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_H
+#define STBI_INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_H
+
+// DOCUMENTATION
+//
+// Limitations:
+//    - no 12-bit-per-channel JPEG
+//    - no JPEGs with arithmetic coding
+//    - GIF always returns *comp=4
+//
+// Basic usage (see HDR discussion below for HDR usage):
+//    int x,y,n;
+//    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(filename, &x, &y, &n, 0);
+//    // ... process data if not NULL ...
+//    // ... x = width, y = height, n = # 8-bit components per pixel ...
+//    // ... replace '0' with '1'..'4' to force that many components per pixel
+//    // ... but 'n' will always be the number that it would have been if you said 0
+//    stbi_image_free(data);
+//
+// Standard parameters:
+//    int *x                 -- outputs image width in pixels
+//    int *y                 -- outputs image height in pixels
+//    int *channels_in_file  -- outputs # of image components in image file
+//    int desired_channels   -- if non-zero, # of image components requested in result
+//
+// The return value from an image loader is an 'unsigned char *' which points
+// to the pixel data, or NULL on an allocation failure or if the image is
+// corrupt or invalid. The pixel data consists of *y scanlines of *x pixels,
+// with each pixel consisting of N interleaved 8-bit components; the first
+// pixel pointed to is top-left-most in the image. There is no padding between
+// image scanlines or between pixels, regardless of format. The number of
+// components N is 'desired_channels' if desired_channels is non-zero, or
+// *channels_in_file otherwise. If desired_channels is non-zero,
+// *channels_in_file has the number of components that _would_ have been
+// output otherwise. E.g. if you set desired_channels to 4, you will always
+// get RGBA output, but you can check *channels_in_file to see if it's trivially
+// opaque because e.g. there were only 3 channels in the source image.
+//
+// An output image with N components has the following components interleaved
+// in this order in each pixel:
+//
+//     N=#comp     components
+//       1           grey
+//       2           grey, alpha
+//       3           red, green, blue
+//       4           red, green, blue, alpha
+//
+// If image loading fails for any reason, the return value will be NULL,
+// and *x, *y, *channels_in_file will be unchanged. The function
+// stbi_failure_reason() can be queried for an extremely brief, end-user
+// unfriendly explanation of why the load failed. Define STBI_NO_FAILURE_STRINGS
+// to avoid compiling these strings at all, and STBI_FAILURE_USERMSG to get slightly
+// more user-friendly ones.
+//
+// Paletted PNG, BMP, GIF, and PIC images are automatically depalettized.
+//
+// To query the width, height and component count of an image without having to
+// decode the full file, you can use the stbi_info family of functions:
+//
+//   int x,y,n,ok;
+//   ok = stbi_info(filename, &x, &y, &n);
+//   // returns ok=1 and sets x, y, n if image is a supported format,
+//   // 0 otherwise.
+//
+// Note that stb_image pervasively uses ints in its public API for sizes,
+// including sizes of memory buffers. This is now part of the API and thus
+// hard to change without causing breakage. As a result, the various image
+// loaders all have certain limits on image size; these differ somewhat
+// by format but generally boil down to either just under 2GB or just under
+// 1GB. When the decoded image would be larger than this, stb_image decoding
+// will fail.
+//
+// Additionally, stb_image will reject image files that have any of their
+// dimensions set to a larger value than the configurable STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS,
+// which defaults to 2**24 = 16777216 pixels. Due to the above memory limit,
+// the only way to have an image with such dimensions load correctly
+// is for it to have a rather extreme aspect ratio. Either way, the
+// assumption here is that such larger images are likely to be malformed
+// or malicious. If you do need to load an image with individual dimensions
+// larger than that, and it still fits in the overall size limit, you can
+// #define STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS on your own to be something larger.
+//
+// ===========================================================================
+//
+// UNICODE:
+//
+//   If compiling for Windows and you wish to use Unicode filenames, compile
+//   with
+//       #define STBI_WINDOWS_UTF8
+//   and pass utf8-encoded filenames. Call stbi_convert_wchar_to_utf8 to convert
+//   Windows wchar_t filenames to utf8.
+//
+// ===========================================================================
+//
+// Philosophy
+//
+// stb libraries are designed with the following priorities:
+//
+//    1. easy to use
+//    2. easy to maintain
+//    3. good performance
+//
+// Sometimes I let "good performance" creep up in priority over "easy to maintain",
+// and for best performance I may provide less-easy-to-use APIs that give higher
+// performance, in addition to the easy-to-use ones. Nevertheless, it's important
+// to keep in mind that from the standpoint of you, a client of this library,
+// all you care about is #1 and #3, and stb libraries DO NOT emphasize #3 above all.
+//
+// Some secondary priorities arise directly from the first two, some of which
+// provide more explicit reasons why performance can't be emphasized.
+//
+//    - Portable ("ease of use")
+//    - Small source code footprint ("easy to maintain")
+//    - No dependencies ("ease of use")
+//
+// ===========================================================================
+//
+// I/O callbacks
+//
+// I/O callbacks allow you to read from arbitrary sources, like packaged
+// files or some other source. Data read from callbacks are processed
+// through a small internal buffer (currently 128 bytes) to try to reduce
+// overhead.
+//
+// The three functions you must define are "read" (reads some bytes of data),
+// "skip" (skips some bytes of data), "eof" (reports if the stream is at the end).
+//
+// ===========================================================================
+//
+// SIMD support
+//
+// The JPEG decoder will try to automatically use SIMD kernels on x86 when
+// supported by the compiler. For ARM Neon support, you must explicitly
+// request it.
+//
+// (The old do-it-yourself SIMD API is no longer supported in the current
+// code.)
+//
+// On x86, SSE2 will automatically be used when available based on a run-time
+// test; if not, the generic C versions are used as a fall-back. On ARM targets,
+// the typical path is to have separate builds for NEON and non-NEON devices
+// (at least this is true for iOS and Android). Therefore, the NEON support is
+// toggled by a build flag: define STBI_NEON to get NEON loops.
+//
+// If for some reason you do not want to use any of SIMD code, or if
+// you have issues compiling it, you can disable it entirely by
+// defining STBI_NO_SIMD.
+//
+// ===========================================================================
+//
+// HDR image support   (disable by defining STBI_NO_HDR)
+//
+// stb_image supports loading HDR images in general, and currently the Radiance
+// .HDR file format specifically. You can still load any file through the existing
+// interface; if you attempt to load an HDR file, it will be automatically remapped
+// to LDR, assuming gamma 2.2 and an arbitrary scale factor defaulting to 1;
+// both of these constants can be reconfigured through this interface:
+//
+//     stbi_hdr_to_ldr_gamma(2.2f);
+//     stbi_hdr_to_ldr_scale(1.0f);
+//
+// (note, do not use _inverse_ constants; stbi_image will invert them
+// appropriately).
+//
+// Additionally, there is a new, parallel interface for loading files as
+// (linear) floats to preserve the full dynamic range:
+//
+//    float *data = stbi_loadf(filename, &x, &y, &n, 0);
+//
+// If you load LDR images through this interface, those images will
+// be promoted to floating point values, run through the inverse of
+// constants corresponding to the above:
+//
+//     stbi_ldr_to_hdr_scale(1.0f);
+//     stbi_ldr_to_hdr_gamma(2.2f);
+//
+// Finally, given a filename (or an open file or memory block--see header
+// file for details) containing image data, you can query for the "most
+// appropriate" interface to use (that is, whether the image is HDR or
+// not), using:
+//
+//     stbi_is_hdr(char *filename);
+//
+// ===========================================================================
+//
+// iPhone PNG support:
+//
+// We optionally support converting iPhone-formatted PNGs (which store
+// premultiplied BGRA) back to RGB, even though they're internally encoded
+// differently. To enable this conversion, call
+// stbi_convert_iphone_png_to_rgb(1).
+//
+// Call stbi_set_unpremultiply_on_load(1) as well to force a divide per
+// pixel to remove any premultiplied alpha *only* if the image file explicitly
+// says there's premultiplied data (currently only happens in iPhone images,
+// and only if iPhone convert-to-rgb processing is on).
+//
+// ===========================================================================
+//
+// ADDITIONAL CONFIGURATION
+//
+//  - You can suppress implementation of any of the decoders to reduce
+//    your code footprint by #defining one or more of the following
+//    symbols before creating the implementation.
+//
+//        STBI_NO_JPEG
+//        STBI_NO_PNG
+//        STBI_NO_BMP
+//        STBI_NO_PSD
+//        STBI_NO_TGA
+//        STBI_NO_GIF
+//        STBI_NO_HDR
+//        STBI_NO_PIC
+//        STBI_NO_PNM   (.ppm and .pgm)
+//
+//  - You can request *only* certain decoders and suppress all other ones
+//    (this will be more forward-compatible, as addition of new decoders
+//    doesn't require you to disable them explicitly):
+//
+//        STBI_ONLY_JPEG
+//        STBI_ONLY_PNG
+//        STBI_ONLY_BMP
+//        STBI_ONLY_PSD
+//        STBI_ONLY_TGA
+//        STBI_ONLY_GIF
+//        STBI_ONLY_HDR
+//        STBI_ONLY_PIC
+//        STBI_ONLY_PNM   (.ppm and .pgm)
+//
+//   - If you use STBI_NO_PNG (or _ONLY_ without PNG), and you still
+//     want the zlib decoder to be available, #define STBI_SUPPORT_ZLIB
+//
+//  - If you define STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS, stb_image will reject images greater
+//    than that size (in either width or height) without further processing.
+//    This is to let programs in the wild set an upper bound to prevent
+//    denial-of-service attacks on untrusted data, as one could generate a
+//    valid image of gigantic dimensions and force stb_image to allocate a
+//    huge block of memory and spend disproportionate time decoding it. By
+//    default this is set to (1 << 24), which is 16777216, but that's still
+//    very big.
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif // STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+#define STBI_VERSION 1
+
+enum {
+	STBI_default = 0, // only used for desired_channels
+
+	STBI_grey = 1,
+	STBI_grey_alpha = 2,
+	STBI_rgb = 3,
+	STBI_rgb_alpha = 4
+};
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+typedef unsigned char stbi_uc;
+typedef unsigned short stbi_us;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBIDEF
+#ifdef STB_IMAGE_STATIC
+#define STBIDEF static
+#else
+#define STBIDEF extern
+#endif
+#endif
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// PRIMARY API - works on images of any type
+//
+
+//
+// load image by filename, open file, or memory buffer
+//
+
+typedef struct {
+	int (*read)(
+		void * user, char * data,
+		int size); // fill 'data' with 'size' bytes.  return number of bytes actually read
+	void (*skip)(
+		void * user,
+		int n); // skip the next 'n' bytes, or 'unget' the last -n bytes if negative
+	int (*eof)(void * user); // returns nonzero if we are at end of file/data
+} stbi_io_callbacks;
+
+////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// 8-bits-per-channel interface
+//
+
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len,
+										int * x, int * y,
+										int * channels_in_file,
+										int desired_channels);
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+										   void * user, int * x, int * y,
+										   int * channels_in_file,
+										   int desired_channels);
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load(char const * filename, int * x, int * y,
+							int * channels_in_file, int desired_channels);
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load_from_file(FILE * f, int * x, int * y,
+									  int * channels_in_file,
+									  int desired_channels);
+// for stbi_load_from_file, file pointer is left pointing immediately after image
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load_gif_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len,
+											int ** delays, int * x, int * y,
+											int * z, int * comp, int req_comp);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef STBI_WINDOWS_UTF8
+STBIDEF int stbi_convert_wchar_to_utf8(char * buffer, size_t bufferlen,
+									   const wchar_t * input);
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// 16-bits-per-channel interface
+//
+
+STBIDEF stbi_us * stbi_load_16_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len,
+										   int * x, int * y,
+										   int * channels_in_file,
+										   int desired_channels);
+STBIDEF stbi_us * stbi_load_16_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+											  void * user, int * x, int * y,
+											  int * channels_in_file,
+											  int desired_channels);
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+STBIDEF stbi_us * stbi_load_16(char const * filename, int * x, int * y,
+							   int * channels_in_file, int desired_channels);
+STBIDEF stbi_us * stbi_load_from_file_16(FILE * f, int * x, int * y,
+										 int * channels_in_file,
+										 int desired_channels);
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// float-per-channel interface
+//
+#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
+STBIDEF float * stbi_loadf_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len, int * x,
+									   int * y, int * channels_in_file,
+									   int desired_channels);
+STBIDEF float * stbi_loadf_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+										  void * user, int * x, int * y,
+										  int * channels_in_file,
+										  int desired_channels);
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+STBIDEF float * stbi_loadf(char const * filename, int * x, int * y,
+						   int * channels_in_file, int desired_channels);
+STBIDEF float * stbi_loadf_from_file(FILE * f, int * x, int * y,
+									 int * channels_in_file,
+									 int desired_channels);
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+STBIDEF void stbi_hdr_to_ldr_gamma(float gamma);
+STBIDEF void stbi_hdr_to_ldr_scale(float scale);
+#endif // STBI_NO_HDR
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
+STBIDEF void stbi_ldr_to_hdr_gamma(float gamma);
+STBIDEF void stbi_ldr_to_hdr_scale(float scale);
+#endif // STBI_NO_LINEAR
+
+// stbi_is_hdr is always defined, but always returns false if STBI_NO_HDR
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+									   void * user);
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len);
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr(char const * filename);
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_file(FILE * f);
+#endif // STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+// get a VERY brief reason for failure
+// on most compilers (and ALL modern mainstream compilers) this is threadsafe
+STBIDEF const char * stbi_failure_reason(void);
+
+// free the loaded image -- this is just free()
+STBIDEF void stbi_image_free(void * retval_from_stbi_load);
+
+// get image dimensions & components without fully decoding
+STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len, int * x,
+								  int * y, int * comp);
+STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+									 void * user, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_16_bit_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len);
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_16_bit_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+										  void * user);
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+STBIDEF int stbi_info(char const * filename, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_file(FILE * f, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_16_bit(char const * filename);
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_16_bit_from_file(FILE * f);
+#endif
+
+// for image formats that explicitly notate that they have premultiplied alpha,
+// we just return the colors as stored in the file. set this flag to force
+// unpremultiplication. results are undefined if the unpremultiply overflow.
+STBIDEF void
+stbi_set_unpremultiply_on_load(int flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply);
+
+// indicate whether we should process iphone images back to canonical format,
+// or just pass them through "as-is"
+STBIDEF void stbi_convert_iphone_png_to_rgb(int flag_true_if_should_convert);
+
+// flip the image vertically, so the first pixel in the output array is the bottom left
+STBIDEF void stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(int flag_true_if_should_flip);
+
+// as above, but only applies to images loaded on the thread that calls the function
+// this function is only available if your compiler supports thread-local variables;
+// calling it will fail to link if your compiler doesn't
+STBIDEF void
+stbi_set_unpremultiply_on_load_thread(int flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply);
+STBIDEF void
+stbi_convert_iphone_png_to_rgb_thread(int flag_true_if_should_convert);
+STBIDEF void
+stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load_thread(int flag_true_if_should_flip);
+
+// ZLIB client - used by PNG, available for other purposes
+
+STBIDEF char * stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize(const char * buffer, int len,
+												 int initial_size,
+												 int * outlen);
+STBIDEF char * stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize_headerflag(const char * buffer,
+															int len,
+															int initial_size,
+															int * outlen,
+															int parse_header);
+STBIDEF char * stbi_zlib_decode_malloc(const char * buffer, int len,
+									   int * outlen);
+STBIDEF int stbi_zlib_decode_buffer(char * obuffer, int olen,
+									const char * ibuffer, int ilen);
+
+STBIDEF char * stbi_zlib_decode_noheader_malloc(const char * buffer, int len,
+												int * outlen);
+STBIDEF int stbi_zlib_decode_noheader_buffer(char * obuffer, int olen,
+											 const char * ibuffer, int ilen);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+//
+//
+////   end header file   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#endif // STBI_INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_H
+
+#ifdef STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#if defined(STBI_ONLY_JPEG) || defined(STBI_ONLY_PNG) \
+	|| defined(STBI_ONLY_BMP) || defined(STBI_ONLY_TGA) \
+	|| defined(STBI_ONLY_GIF) || defined(STBI_ONLY_PSD) \
+	|| defined(STBI_ONLY_HDR) || defined(STBI_ONLY_PIC) \
+	|| defined(STBI_ONLY_PNM) || defined(STBI_ONLY_ZLIB)
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_JPEG
+#define STBI_NO_JPEG
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_PNG
+#define STBI_NO_PNG
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_BMP
+#define STBI_NO_BMP
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_PSD
+#define STBI_NO_PSD
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_TGA
+#define STBI_NO_TGA
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_GIF
+#define STBI_NO_GIF
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_HDR
+#define STBI_NO_HDR
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_PIC
+#define STBI_NO_PIC
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_ONLY_PNM
+#define STBI_NO_PNM
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && !defined(STBI_SUPPORT_ZLIB) \
+	&& !defined(STBI_NO_ZLIB)
+#define STBI_NO_ZLIB
+#endif
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h> // ptrdiff_t on osx
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_LINEAR) || !defined(STBI_NO_HDR)
+#include <math.h> // ldexp, pow
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_ASSERT
+#include <assert.h>
+#define STBI_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define STBI_EXTERN extern "C"
+#else
+#define STBI_EXTERN extern
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define stbi_inline inline
+#else
+#define stbi_inline
+#endif
+#else
+#define stbi_inline __forceinline
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_THREAD_LOCALS
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define STBI_THREAD_LOCAL thread_local
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5
+#define STBI_THREAD_LOCAL __thread
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define STBI_THREAD_LOCAL __declspec(thread)
+#elif defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L \
+	&& !defined(__STDC_NO_THREADS__)
+#define STBI_THREAD_LOCAL _Thread_local
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_THREAD_LOCAL
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define STBI_THREAD_LOCAL __thread
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__SYMBIAN32__)
+typedef unsigned short stbi__uint16;
+typedef signed short stbi__int16;
+typedef unsigned int stbi__uint32;
+typedef signed int stbi__int32;
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>
+typedef uint16_t stbi__uint16;
+typedef int16_t stbi__int16;
+typedef uint32_t stbi__uint32;
+typedef int32_t stbi__int32;
+#endif
+
+// should produce compiler error if size is wrong
+typedef unsigned char validate_uint32[sizeof(stbi__uint32) == 4 ? 1 : -1];
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define STBI_NOTUSED(v) (void) (v)
+#else
+#define STBI_NOTUSED(v) (void) sizeof(v)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define STBI_HAS_LROTL
+#endif
+
+#ifdef STBI_HAS_LROTL
+#define stbi_lrot(x, y) _lrotl(x, y)
+#else
+#define stbi_lrot(x, y) (((x) << (y)) | ((x) >> (-(y) & 31)))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_MALLOC) && defined(STBI_FREE) \
+	&& (defined(STBI_REALLOC) || defined(STBI_REALLOC_SIZED))
+// ok
+#elif !defined(STBI_MALLOC) && !defined(STBI_FREE) && !defined(STBI_REALLOC) \
+	&& !defined(STBI_REALLOC_SIZED)
+// ok
+#else
+#error \
+	"Must define all or none of STBI_MALLOC, STBI_FREE, and STBI_REALLOC (or STBI_REALLOC_SIZED)."
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_MALLOC
+#define STBI_MALLOC(sz) malloc(sz)
+#define STBI_REALLOC(p, newsz) realloc(p, newsz)
+#define STBI_FREE(p) free(p)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_REALLOC_SIZED
+#define STBI_REALLOC_SIZED(p, oldsz, newsz) STBI_REALLOC(p, newsz)
+#endif
+
+// x86/x64 detection
+#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
+#define STBI__X64_TARGET
+#elif defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
+#define STBI__X86_TARGET
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(STBI__X86_TARGET) && !defined(__SSE2__) \
+	&& !defined(STBI_NO_SIMD)
+// gcc doesn't support sse2 intrinsics unless you compile with -msse2,
+// which in turn means it gets to use SSE2 everywhere. This is unfortunate,
+// but previous attempts to provide the SSE2 functions with runtime
+// detection caused numerous issues. The way architecture extensions are
+// exposed in GCC/Clang is, sadly, not really suited for one-file libs.
+// New behavior: if compiled with -msse2, we use SSE2 without any
+// detection; if not, we don't use it at all.
+#define STBI_NO_SIMD
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(STBI__X86_TARGET) \
+	&& !defined(STBI_MINGW_ENABLE_SSE2) && !defined(STBI_NO_SIMD)
+// Note that __MINGW32__ doesn't actually mean 32-bit, so we have to avoid STBI__X64_TARGET
+//
+// 32-bit MinGW wants ESP to be 16-byte aligned, but this is not in the
+// Windows ABI and VC++ as well as Windows DLLs don't maintain that invariant.
+// As a result, enabling SSE2 on 32-bit MinGW is dangerous when not
+// simultaneously enabling "-mstackrealign".
+//
+// See https://github.com/nothings/stb/issues/81 for more information.
+//
+// So default to no SSE2 on 32-bit MinGW. If you've read this far and added
+// -mstackrealign to your build settings, feel free to #define STBI_MINGW_ENABLE_SSE2.
+#define STBI_NO_SIMD
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_SIMD) \
+	&& (defined(STBI__X86_TARGET) || defined(STBI__X64_TARGET))
+#define STBI_SSE2
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 // not VC6
+#include <intrin.h> // __cpuid
+static int stbi__cpuid3(void) {
+	int info[4];
+	__cpuid(info, 1);
+	return info[3];
+}
+#else
+static int stbi__cpuid3(void) {
+	int res;
+	__asm {
+      mov  eax,1
+      cpuid
+      mov  res,edx
+	}
+	return res;
+}
+#endif
+
+#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) __declspec(align(16)) type name
+
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_JPEG) && defined(STBI_SSE2)
+static int stbi__sse2_available(void) {
+	int info3 = stbi__cpuid3();
+	return ((info3 >> 26) & 1) != 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#else // assume GCC-style if not VC++
+#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) type name __attribute__((aligned(16)))
+
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_JPEG) && defined(STBI_SSE2)
+static int stbi__sse2_available(void) {
+	// If we're even attempting to compile this on GCC/Clang, that means
+	// -msse2 is on, which means the compiler is allowed to use SSE2
+	// instructions at will, and so are we.
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// ARM NEON
+#if defined(STBI_NO_SIMD) && defined(STBI_NEON)
+#undef STBI_NEON
+#endif
+
+#ifdef STBI_NEON
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) __declspec(align(16)) type name
+#else
+#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) type name __attribute__((aligned(16)))
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_SIMD_ALIGN
+#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) type name
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS
+#define STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS (1 << 24)
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  stbi__context struct and start_xxx functions
+
+// stbi__context structure is our basic context used by all images, so it
+// contains all the IO context, plus some basic image information
+typedef struct {
+	stbi__uint32 img_x, img_y;
+	int img_n, img_out_n;
+
+	stbi_io_callbacks io;
+	void * io_user_data;
+
+	int read_from_callbacks;
+	int buflen;
+	stbi_uc buffer_start[128];
+	int callback_already_read;
+
+	stbi_uc *img_buffer, *img_buffer_end;
+	stbi_uc *img_buffer_original, *img_buffer_original_end;
+} stbi__context;
+
+static void stbi__refill_buffer(stbi__context * s);
+
+// initialize a memory-decode context
+static void stbi__start_mem(stbi__context * s, stbi_uc const * buffer,
+							int len) {
+	s->io.read = NULL;
+	s->read_from_callbacks = 0;
+	s->callback_already_read = 0;
+	s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_original = (stbi_uc *) buffer;
+	s->img_buffer_end = s->img_buffer_original_end = (stbi_uc *) buffer + len;
+}
+
+// initialize a callback-based context
+static void stbi__start_callbacks(stbi__context * s, stbi_io_callbacks * c,
+								  void * user) {
+	s->io = *c;
+	s->io_user_data = user;
+	s->buflen = sizeof(s->buffer_start);
+	s->read_from_callbacks = 1;
+	s->callback_already_read = 0;
+	s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_original = s->buffer_start;
+	stbi__refill_buffer(s);
+	s->img_buffer_original_end = s->img_buffer_end;
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+static int stbi__stdio_read(void * user, char * data, int size) {
+	return (int) fread(data, 1, size, (FILE *) user);
+}
+
+static void stbi__stdio_skip(void * user, int n) {
+	int ch;
+	fseek((FILE *) user, n, SEEK_CUR);
+	ch = fgetc((FILE *) user); /* have to read a byte to reset feof()'s flag */
+	if (ch != EOF) {
+		ungetc(ch, (FILE *) user); /* push byte back onto stream if valid. */
+	}
+}
+
+static int stbi__stdio_eof(void * user) {
+	return feof((FILE *) user) || ferror((FILE *) user);
+}
+
+static stbi_io_callbacks stbi__stdio_callbacks = {
+	stbi__stdio_read,
+	stbi__stdio_skip,
+	stbi__stdio_eof,
+};
+
+static void stbi__start_file(stbi__context * s, FILE * f) {
+	stbi__start_callbacks(s, &stbi__stdio_callbacks, (void *) f);
+}
+
+//static void stop_file(stbi__context *s) { }
+
+#endif // !STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+static void stbi__rewind(stbi__context * s) {
+	// conceptually rewind SHOULD rewind to the beginning of the stream,
+	// but we just rewind to the beginning of the initial buffer, because
+	// we only use it after doing 'test', which only ever looks at at most 92 bytes
+	s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_original;
+	s->img_buffer_end = s->img_buffer_original_end;
+}
+
+enum { STBI_ORDER_RGB, STBI_ORDER_BGR };
+
+typedef struct {
+	int bits_per_channel;
+	int num_channels;
+	int channel_order;
+} stbi__result_info;
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_JPEG
+static int stbi__jpeg_test(stbi__context * s);
+static void * stbi__jpeg_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							  int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri);
+static int stbi__jpeg_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
+static int stbi__png_test(stbi__context * s);
+static void * stbi__png_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri);
+static int stbi__png_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+static int stbi__png_is16(stbi__context * s);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
+static int stbi__bmp_test(stbi__context * s);
+static void * stbi__bmp_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri);
+static int stbi__bmp_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_TGA
+static int stbi__tga_test(stbi__context * s);
+static void * stbi__tga_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri);
+static int stbi__tga_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
+static int stbi__psd_test(stbi__context * s);
+static void * stbi__psd_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri, int bpc);
+static int stbi__psd_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+static int stbi__psd_is16(stbi__context * s);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+static int stbi__hdr_test(stbi__context * s);
+static float * stbi__hdr_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							  int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri);
+static int stbi__hdr_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
+static int stbi__pic_test(stbi__context * s);
+static void * stbi__pic_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri);
+static int stbi__pic_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
+static int stbi__gif_test(stbi__context * s);
+static void * stbi__gif_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri);
+static void * stbi__load_gif_main(stbi__context * s, int ** delays, int * x,
+								  int * y, int * z, int * comp, int req_comp);
+static int stbi__gif_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM
+static int stbi__pnm_test(stbi__context * s);
+static void * stbi__pnm_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri);
+static int stbi__pnm_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp);
+static int stbi__pnm_is16(stbi__context * s);
+#endif
+
+static
+#ifdef STBI_THREAD_LOCAL
+	STBI_THREAD_LOCAL
+#endif
+	const char * stbi__g_failure_reason;
+
+STBIDEF const char * stbi_failure_reason(void) {
+	return stbi__g_failure_reason;
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_FAILURE_STRINGS
+static int stbi__err(const char * str) {
+	stbi__g_failure_reason = str;
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void * stbi__malloc(size_t size) { return STBI_MALLOC(size); }
+
+// stb_image uses ints pervasively, including for offset calculations.
+// therefore the largest decoded image size we can support with the
+// current code, even on 64-bit targets, is INT_MAX. this is not a
+// significant limitation for the intended use case.
+//
+// we do, however, need to make sure our size calculations don't
+// overflow. hence a few helper functions for size calculations that
+// multiply integers together, making sure that they're non-negative
+// and no overflow occurs.
+
+// return 1 if the sum is valid, 0 on overflow.
+// negative terms are considered invalid.
+static int stbi__addsizes_valid(int a, int b) {
+	if (b < 0) return 0;
+	// now 0 <= b <= INT_MAX, hence also
+	// 0 <= INT_MAX - b <= INTMAX.
+	// And "a + b <= INT_MAX" (which might overflow) is the
+	// same as a <= INT_MAX - b (no overflow)
+	return a <= INT_MAX - b;
+}
+
+// returns 1 if the product is valid, 0 on overflow.
+// negative factors are considered invalid.
+static int stbi__mul2sizes_valid(int a, int b) {
+	if (a < 0 || b < 0) return 0;
+	if (b == 0) return 1; // mul-by-0 is always safe
+	// portable way to check for no overflows in a*b
+	return a <= INT_MAX / b;
+}
+
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_JPEG) || !defined(STBI_NO_PNG) || !defined(STBI_NO_TGA) \
+	|| !defined(STBI_NO_HDR)
+// returns 1 if "a*b + add" has no negative terms/factors and doesn't overflow
+static int stbi__mad2sizes_valid(int a, int b, int add) {
+	return stbi__mul2sizes_valid(a, b) && stbi__addsizes_valid(a * b, add);
+}
+#endif
+
+// returns 1 if "a*b*c + add" has no negative terms/factors and doesn't overflow
+static int stbi__mad3sizes_valid(int a, int b, int c, int add) {
+	return stbi__mul2sizes_valid(a, b) && stbi__mul2sizes_valid(a * b, c)
+		   && stbi__addsizes_valid(a * b * c, add);
+}
+
+// returns 1 if "a*b*c*d + add" has no negative terms/factors and doesn't overflow
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_LINEAR) || !defined(STBI_NO_HDR) || !defined(STBI_NO_PNM)
+static int stbi__mad4sizes_valid(int a, int b, int c, int d, int add) {
+	return stbi__mul2sizes_valid(a, b) && stbi__mul2sizes_valid(a * b, c)
+		   && stbi__mul2sizes_valid(a * b * c, d)
+		   && stbi__addsizes_valid(a * b * c * d, add);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_JPEG) || !defined(STBI_NO_PNG) || !defined(STBI_NO_TGA) \
+	|| !defined(STBI_NO_HDR)
+// mallocs with size overflow checking
+static void * stbi__malloc_mad2(int a, int b, int add) {
+	if (!stbi__mad2sizes_valid(a, b, add)) return NULL;
+	return stbi__malloc(a * b + add);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void * stbi__malloc_mad3(int a, int b, int c, int add) {
+	if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(a, b, c, add)) return NULL;
+	return stbi__malloc(a * b * c + add);
+}
+
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_LINEAR) || !defined(STBI_NO_HDR) || !defined(STBI_NO_PNM)
+static void * stbi__malloc_mad4(int a, int b, int c, int d, int add) {
+	if (!stbi__mad4sizes_valid(a, b, c, d, add)) return NULL;
+	return stbi__malloc(a * b * c * d + add);
+}
+#endif
+
+// returns 1 if the sum of two signed ints is valid (between -2^31 and 2^31-1 inclusive), 0 on overflow.
+static int stbi__addints_valid(int a, int b) {
+	if ((a >= 0) != (b >= 0))
+		return 1; // a and b have different signs, so no overflow
+	if (a < 0 && b < 0)
+		return a
+			   >= INT_MIN
+					  - b; // same as a + b >= INT_MIN; INT_MIN - b cannot overflow since b < 0.
+	return a <= INT_MAX - b;
+}
+
+// returns 1 if the product of two ints fits in a signed short, 0 on overflow.
+static int stbi__mul2shorts_valid(int a, int b) {
+	if (b == 0 || b == -1)
+		return 1; // multiplication by 0 is always 0; check for -1 so SHRT_MIN/b doesn't overflow
+	if ((a >= 0) == (b >= 0))
+		return a
+			   <= SHRT_MAX
+					  / b; // product is positive, so similar to mul2sizes_valid
+	if (b < 0) return a <= SHRT_MIN / b; // same as a * b >= SHRT_MIN
+	return a >= SHRT_MIN / b;
+}
+
+// stbi__err - error
+// stbi__errpf - error returning pointer to float
+// stbi__errpuc - error returning pointer to unsigned char
+
+#ifdef STBI_NO_FAILURE_STRINGS
+#define stbi__err(x, y) 0
+#elif defined(STBI_FAILURE_USERMSG)
+#define stbi__err(x, y) stbi__err(y)
+#else
+#define stbi__err(x, y) stbi__err(x)
+#endif
+
+#define stbi__errpf(x, y) ((float *) (size_t) (stbi__err(x, y) ? NULL : NULL))
+#define stbi__errpuc(x, y) \
+	((unsigned char *) (size_t) (stbi__err(x, y) ? NULL : NULL))
+
+STBIDEF void stbi_image_free(void * retval_from_stbi_load) {
+	STBI_FREE(retval_from_stbi_load);
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
+static float * stbi__ldr_to_hdr(stbi_uc * data, int x, int y, int comp);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+static stbi_uc * stbi__hdr_to_ldr(float * data, int x, int y, int comp);
+#endif
+
+static int stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_global = 0;
+
+STBIDEF void stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(int flag_true_if_should_flip) {
+	stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_global = flag_true_if_should_flip;
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_THREAD_LOCAL
+#define stbi__vertically_flip_on_load stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_global
+#else
+static STBI_THREAD_LOCAL int stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_local,
+	stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_set;
+
+STBIDEF void
+stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load_thread(int flag_true_if_should_flip) {
+	stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_local = flag_true_if_should_flip;
+	stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_set = 1;
+}
+
+#define stbi__vertically_flip_on_load \
+	(stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_set ? stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_local \
+									   : stbi__vertically_flip_on_load_global)
+#endif // STBI_THREAD_LOCAL
+
+static void * stbi__load_main(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							  int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri, int bpc) {
+	memset(ri, 0,
+		   sizeof(*ri)); // make sure it's initialized if we add new fields
+	ri->bits_per_channel
+		= 8; // default is 8 so most paths don't have to be changed
+	ri->channel_order
+		= STBI_ORDER_RGB; // all current input & output are this, but this is here so we can add BGR order
+	ri->num_channels = 0;
+
+// test the formats with a very explicit header first (at least a FOURCC
+// or distinctive magic number first)
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
+	if (stbi__png_test(s)) return stbi__png_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
+	if (stbi__bmp_test(s)) return stbi__bmp_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
+	if (stbi__gif_test(s)) return stbi__gif_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
+	if (stbi__psd_test(s))
+		return stbi__psd_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri, bpc);
+#else
+	STBI_NOTUSED(bpc);
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
+	if (stbi__pic_test(s)) return stbi__pic_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+#endif
+
+// then the formats that can end up attempting to load with just 1 or 2
+// bytes matching expectations; these are prone to false positives, so
+// try them later
+#ifndef STBI_NO_JPEG
+	if (stbi__jpeg_test(s)) return stbi__jpeg_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+#endif
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM
+	if (stbi__pnm_test(s)) return stbi__pnm_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+	if (stbi__hdr_test(s)) {
+		float * hdr = stbi__hdr_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+		return stbi__hdr_to_ldr(hdr, *x, *y, req_comp ? req_comp : *comp);
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_TGA
+	// test tga last because it's a crappy test!
+	if (stbi__tga_test(s)) return stbi__tga_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+#endif
+
+	return stbi__errpuc("unknown image type",
+						"Image not of any known type, or corrupt");
+}
+
+static stbi_uc * stbi__convert_16_to_8(stbi__uint16 * orig, int w, int h,
+									   int channels) {
+	int i;
+	int img_len = w * h * channels;
+	stbi_uc * reduced;
+
+	reduced = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc(img_len);
+	if (reduced == NULL) return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < img_len; ++i)
+		reduced[i]
+			= (stbi_uc) ((orig[i] >> 8)
+						 & 0xFF); // top half of each byte is sufficient approx of 16->8 bit scaling
+
+	STBI_FREE(orig);
+	return reduced;
+}
+
+static stbi__uint16 * stbi__convert_8_to_16(stbi_uc * orig, int w, int h,
+											int channels) {
+	int i;
+	int img_len = w * h * channels;
+	stbi__uint16 * enlarged;
+
+	enlarged = (stbi__uint16 *) stbi__malloc(img_len * 2);
+	if (enlarged == NULL)
+		return (stbi__uint16 *) stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < img_len; ++i)
+		enlarged[i]
+			= (stbi__uint16) ((orig[i] << 8)
+							  + orig
+								  [i]); // replicate to high and low byte, maps 0->0, 255->0xffff
+
+	STBI_FREE(orig);
+	return enlarged;
+}
+
+static void stbi__vertical_flip(void * image, int w, int h,
+								int bytes_per_pixel) {
+	int row;
+	size_t bytes_per_row = (size_t) w * bytes_per_pixel;
+	stbi_uc temp[2048];
+	stbi_uc * bytes = (stbi_uc *) image;
+
+	for (row = 0; row < (h >> 1); row++) {
+		stbi_uc * row0 = bytes + row * bytes_per_row;
+		stbi_uc * row1 = bytes + (h - row - 1) * bytes_per_row;
+		// swap row0 with row1
+		size_t bytes_left = bytes_per_row;
+		while (bytes_left) {
+			size_t bytes_copy
+				= (bytes_left < sizeof(temp)) ? bytes_left : sizeof(temp);
+			memcpy(temp, row0, bytes_copy);
+			memcpy(row0, row1, bytes_copy);
+			memcpy(row1, temp, bytes_copy);
+			row0 += bytes_copy;
+			row1 += bytes_copy;
+			bytes_left -= bytes_copy;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
+static void stbi__vertical_flip_slices(void * image, int w, int h, int z,
+									   int bytes_per_pixel) {
+	int slice;
+	int slice_size = w * h * bytes_per_pixel;
+
+	stbi_uc * bytes = (stbi_uc *) image;
+	for (slice = 0; slice < z; ++slice) {
+		stbi__vertical_flip(bytes, w, h, bytes_per_pixel);
+		bytes += slice_size;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+static unsigned char * stbi__load_and_postprocess_8bit(stbi__context * s,
+													   int * x, int * y,
+													   int * comp,
+													   int req_comp) {
+	stbi__result_info ri;
+	void * result = stbi__load_main(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, &ri, 8);
+
+	if (result == NULL) return NULL;
+
+	// it is the responsibility of the loaders to make sure we get either 8 or 16 bit.
+	STBI_ASSERT(ri.bits_per_channel == 8 || ri.bits_per_channel == 16);
+
+	if (ri.bits_per_channel != 8) {
+		result = stbi__convert_16_to_8((stbi__uint16 *) result, *x, *y,
+									   req_comp == 0 ? *comp : req_comp);
+		ri.bits_per_channel = 8;
+	}
+
+	// @TODO: move stbi__convert_format to here
+
+	if (stbi__vertically_flip_on_load) {
+		int channels = req_comp ? req_comp : *comp;
+		stbi__vertical_flip(result, *x, *y, channels * sizeof(stbi_uc));
+	}
+
+	return (unsigned char *) result;
+}
+
+static stbi__uint16 * stbi__load_and_postprocess_16bit(stbi__context * s,
+													   int * x, int * y,
+													   int * comp,
+													   int req_comp) {
+	stbi__result_info ri;
+	void * result = stbi__load_main(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, &ri, 16);
+
+	if (result == NULL) return NULL;
+
+	// it is the responsibility of the loaders to make sure we get either 8 or 16 bit.
+	STBI_ASSERT(ri.bits_per_channel == 8 || ri.bits_per_channel == 16);
+
+	if (ri.bits_per_channel != 16) {
+		result = stbi__convert_8_to_16((stbi_uc *) result, *x, *y,
+									   req_comp == 0 ? *comp : req_comp);
+		ri.bits_per_channel = 16;
+	}
+
+	// @TODO: move stbi__convert_format16 to here
+	// @TODO: special case RGB-to-Y (and RGBA-to-YA) for 8-bit-to-16-bit case to keep more precision
+
+	if (stbi__vertically_flip_on_load) {
+		int channels = req_comp ? req_comp : *comp;
+		stbi__vertical_flip(result, *x, *y, channels * sizeof(stbi__uint16));
+	}
+
+	return (stbi__uint16 *) result;
+}
+
+#if !defined(STBI_NO_HDR) && !defined(STBI_NO_LINEAR)
+static void stbi__float_postprocess(float * result, int * x, int * y,
+									int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	if (stbi__vertically_flip_on_load && result != NULL) {
+		int channels = req_comp ? req_comp : *comp;
+		stbi__vertical_flip(result, *x, *y, channels * sizeof(float));
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(STBI_WINDOWS_UTF8)
+STBI_EXTERN __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall MultiByteToWideChar(
+	unsigned int cp, unsigned long flags, const char * str, int cbmb,
+	wchar_t * widestr, int cchwide);
+STBI_EXTERN __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall WideCharToMultiByte(
+	unsigned int cp, unsigned long flags, const wchar_t * widestr, int cchwide,
+	char * str, int cbmb, const char * defchar, int * used_default);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(STBI_WINDOWS_UTF8)
+STBIDEF int stbi_convert_wchar_to_utf8(char * buffer, size_t bufferlen,
+									   const wchar_t * input) {
+	return WideCharToMultiByte(65001 /* UTF8 */, 0, input, -1, buffer,
+							   (int) bufferlen, NULL, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+static FILE * stbi__fopen(char const * filename, char const * mode) {
+	FILE * f;
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(STBI_WINDOWS_UTF8)
+	wchar_t wMode[64];
+	wchar_t wFilename[1024];
+	if (0
+		== MultiByteToWideChar(65001 /* UTF8 */, 0, filename, -1, wFilename,
+							   sizeof(wFilename) / sizeof(*wFilename)))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (0
+		== MultiByteToWideChar(65001 /* UTF8 */, 0, mode, -1, wMode,
+							   sizeof(wMode) / sizeof(*wMode)))
+		return 0;
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
+	if (0 != _wfopen_s(&f, wFilename, wMode)) f = 0;
+#else
+	f = _wfopen(wFilename, wMode);
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
+	if (0 != fopen_s(&f, filename, mode)) f = 0;
+#else
+	f = fopen(filename, mode);
+#endif
+	return f;
+}
+
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load(char const * filename, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							int req_comp) {
+	FILE * f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
+	unsigned char * result;
+	if (!f) return stbi__errpuc("can't fopen", "Unable to open file");
+	result = stbi_load_from_file(f, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+	fclose(f);
+	return result;
+}
+
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load_from_file(FILE * f, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+									  int req_comp) {
+	unsigned char * result;
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_file(&s, f);
+	result = stbi__load_and_postprocess_8bit(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+	if (result) {
+		// need to 'unget' all the characters in the IO buffer
+		fseek(f, -(int) (s.img_buffer_end - s.img_buffer), SEEK_CUR);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+STBIDEF stbi__uint16 * stbi_load_from_file_16(FILE * f, int * x, int * y,
+											  int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	stbi__uint16 * result;
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_file(&s, f);
+	result = stbi__load_and_postprocess_16bit(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+	if (result) {
+		// need to 'unget' all the characters in the IO buffer
+		fseek(f, -(int) (s.img_buffer_end - s.img_buffer), SEEK_CUR);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+STBIDEF stbi_us * stbi_load_16(char const * filename, int * x, int * y,
+							   int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	FILE * f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
+	stbi__uint16 * result;
+	if (!f)
+		return (stbi_us *) stbi__errpuc("can't fopen", "Unable to open file");
+	result = stbi_load_from_file_16(f, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+	fclose(f);
+	return result;
+}
+
+#endif //!STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+STBIDEF stbi_us * stbi_load_16_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len,
+										   int * x, int * y,
+										   int * channels_in_file,
+										   int desired_channels) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
+	return stbi__load_and_postprocess_16bit(&s, x, y, channels_in_file,
+											desired_channels);
+}
+
+STBIDEF stbi_us * stbi_load_16_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+											  void * user, int * x, int * y,
+											  int * channels_in_file,
+											  int desired_channels) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *) clbk, user);
+	return stbi__load_and_postprocess_16bit(&s, x, y, channels_in_file,
+											desired_channels);
+}
+
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len,
+										int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+										int req_comp) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
+	return stbi__load_and_postprocess_8bit(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+}
+
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+										   void * user, int * x, int * y,
+										   int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *) clbk, user);
+	return stbi__load_and_postprocess_8bit(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
+STBIDEF stbi_uc * stbi_load_gif_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len,
+											int ** delays, int * x, int * y,
+											int * z, int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	unsigned char * result;
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
+
+	result = (unsigned char *) stbi__load_gif_main(&s, delays, x, y, z, comp,
+												   req_comp);
+	if (stbi__vertically_flip_on_load) {
+		stbi__vertical_flip_slices(result, *x, *y, *z, *comp);
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
+static float * stbi__loadf_main(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+								int req_comp) {
+	unsigned char * data;
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+	if (stbi__hdr_test(s)) {
+		stbi__result_info ri;
+		float * hdr_data = stbi__hdr_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp, &ri);
+		if (hdr_data) stbi__float_postprocess(hdr_data, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+		return hdr_data;
+	}
+#endif
+	data = stbi__load_and_postprocess_8bit(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+	if (data)
+		return stbi__ldr_to_hdr(data, *x, *y, req_comp ? req_comp : *comp);
+	return stbi__errpf("unknown image type",
+					   "Image not of any known type, or corrupt");
+}
+
+STBIDEF float * stbi_loadf_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len, int * x,
+									   int * y, int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
+	return stbi__loadf_main(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+}
+
+STBIDEF float * stbi_loadf_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+										  void * user, int * x, int * y,
+										  int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *) clbk, user);
+	return stbi__loadf_main(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+STBIDEF float * stbi_loadf(char const * filename, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+						   int req_comp) {
+	float * result;
+	FILE * f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
+	if (!f) return stbi__errpf("can't fopen", "Unable to open file");
+	result = stbi_loadf_from_file(f, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+	fclose(f);
+	return result;
+}
+
+STBIDEF float * stbi_loadf_from_file(FILE * f, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+									 int req_comp) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_file(&s, f);
+	return stbi__loadf_main(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+}
+#endif // !STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+#endif // !STBI_NO_LINEAR
+
+// these is-hdr-or-not is defined independent of whether STBI_NO_LINEAR is
+// defined, for API simplicity; if STBI_NO_LINEAR is defined, it always
+// reports false!
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len) {
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
+	return stbi__hdr_test(&s);
+#else
+	STBI_NOTUSED(buffer);
+	STBI_NOTUSED(len);
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr(char const * filename) {
+	FILE * f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
+	int result = 0;
+	if (f) {
+		result = stbi_is_hdr_from_file(f);
+		fclose(f);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_file(FILE * f) {
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+	long pos = ftell(f);
+	int res;
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_file(&s, f);
+	res = stbi__hdr_test(&s);
+	fseek(f, pos, SEEK_SET);
+	return res;
+#else
+	STBI_NOTUSED(f);
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+#endif // !STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * clbk,
+									   void * user) {
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *) clbk, user);
+	return stbi__hdr_test(&s);
+#else
+	STBI_NOTUSED(clbk);
+	STBI_NOTUSED(user);
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
+static float stbi__l2h_gamma = 2.2f, stbi__l2h_scale = 1.0f;
+
+STBIDEF void stbi_ldr_to_hdr_gamma(float gamma) { stbi__l2h_gamma = gamma; }
+STBIDEF void stbi_ldr_to_hdr_scale(float scale) { stbi__l2h_scale = scale; }
+#endif
+
+static float stbi__h2l_gamma_i = 1.0f / 2.2f, stbi__h2l_scale_i = 1.0f;
+
+STBIDEF void stbi_hdr_to_ldr_gamma(float gamma) {
+	stbi__h2l_gamma_i = 1 / gamma;
+}
+STBIDEF void stbi_hdr_to_ldr_scale(float scale) {
+	stbi__h2l_scale_i = 1 / scale;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Common code used by all image loaders
+//
+
+enum { STBI__SCAN_load = 0, STBI__SCAN_type, STBI__SCAN_header };
+
+static void stbi__refill_buffer(stbi__context * s) {
+	int n = (s->io.read)(s->io_user_data, (char *) s->buffer_start, s->buflen);
+	s->callback_already_read += (int) (s->img_buffer - s->img_buffer_original);
+	if (n == 0) {
+		// at end of file, treat same as if from memory, but need to handle case
+		// where s->img_buffer isn't pointing to safe memory, e.g. 0-byte file
+		s->read_from_callbacks = 0;
+		s->img_buffer = s->buffer_start;
+		s->img_buffer_end = s->buffer_start + 1;
+		*s->img_buffer = 0;
+	} else {
+		s->img_buffer = s->buffer_start;
+		s->img_buffer_end = s->buffer_start + n;
+	}
+}
+
+stbi_inline static stbi_uc stbi__get8(stbi__context * s) {
+	if (s->img_buffer < s->img_buffer_end) return *s->img_buffer++;
+	if (s->read_from_callbacks) {
+		stbi__refill_buffer(s);
+		return *s->img_buffer++;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_JPEG) && defined(STBI_NO_HDR) && defined(STBI_NO_PIC) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_PNM)
+// nothing
+#else
+stbi_inline static int stbi__at_eof(stbi__context * s) {
+	if (s->io.read) {
+		if (!(s->io.eof)(s->io_user_data)) return 0;
+		// if feof() is true, check if buffer = end
+		// special case: we've only got the special 0 character at the end
+		if (s->read_from_callbacks == 0) return 1;
+	}
+
+	return s->img_buffer >= s->img_buffer_end;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_JPEG) && defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && defined(STBI_NO_BMP) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_PSD) && defined(STBI_NO_TGA) && defined(STBI_NO_GIF) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_PIC)
+// nothing
+#else
+static void stbi__skip(stbi__context * s, int n) {
+	if (n == 0) return; // already there!
+	if (n < 0) {
+		s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_end;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (s->io.read) {
+		int blen = (int) (s->img_buffer_end - s->img_buffer);
+		if (blen < n) {
+			s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_end;
+			(s->io.skip)(s->io_user_data, n - blen);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	s->img_buffer += n;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && defined(STBI_NO_TGA) && defined(STBI_NO_HDR) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_PNM)
+// nothing
+#else
+static int stbi__getn(stbi__context * s, stbi_uc * buffer, int n) {
+	if (s->io.read) {
+		int blen = (int) (s->img_buffer_end - s->img_buffer);
+		if (blen < n) {
+			int res, count;
+
+			memcpy(buffer, s->img_buffer, blen);
+
+			count = (s->io.read)(s->io_user_data, (char *) buffer + blen,
+								 n - blen);
+			res = (count == (n - blen));
+			s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_end;
+			return res;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (s->img_buffer + n <= s->img_buffer_end) {
+		memcpy(buffer, s->img_buffer, n);
+		s->img_buffer += n;
+		return 1;
+	} else return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_JPEG) && defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && defined(STBI_NO_PSD) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_PIC)
+// nothing
+#else
+static int stbi__get16be(stbi__context * s) {
+	int z = stbi__get8(s);
+	return (z << 8) + stbi__get8(s);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && defined(STBI_NO_PSD) && defined(STBI_NO_PIC)
+// nothing
+#else
+static stbi__uint32 stbi__get32be(stbi__context * s) {
+	stbi__uint32 z = stbi__get16be(s);
+	return (z << 16) + stbi__get16be(s);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_BMP) && defined(STBI_NO_TGA) && defined(STBI_NO_GIF)
+// nothing
+#else
+static int stbi__get16le(stbi__context * s) {
+	int z = stbi__get8(s);
+	return z + (stbi__get8(s) << 8);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
+static stbi__uint32 stbi__get32le(stbi__context * s) {
+	stbi__uint32 z = stbi__get16le(s);
+	z += (stbi__uint32) stbi__get16le(s) << 16;
+	return z;
+}
+#endif
+
+#define STBI__BYTECAST(x) \
+	((stbi_uc) ((x) & 255)) // truncate int to byte without warnings
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_JPEG) && defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && defined(STBI_NO_BMP) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_PSD) && defined(STBI_NO_TGA) && defined(STBI_NO_GIF) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_PIC) && defined(STBI_NO_PNM)
+// nothing
+#else
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  generic converter from built-in img_n to req_comp
+//    individual types do this automatically as much as possible (e.g. jpeg
+//    does all cases internally since it needs to colorspace convert anyway,
+//    and it never has alpha, so very few cases ). png can automatically
+//    interleave an alpha=255 channel, but falls back to this for other cases
+//
+//  assume data buffer is malloced, so malloc a new one and free that one
+//  only failure mode is malloc failing
+
+static stbi_uc stbi__compute_y(int r, int g, int b) {
+	return (stbi_uc) (((r * 77) + (g * 150) + (29 * b)) >> 8);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && defined(STBI_NO_BMP) && defined(STBI_NO_PSD) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_TGA) && defined(STBI_NO_GIF) && defined(STBI_NO_PIC) \
+	&& defined(STBI_NO_PNM)
+// nothing
+#else
+static unsigned char * stbi__convert_format(unsigned char * data, int img_n,
+											int req_comp, unsigned int x,
+											unsigned int y) {
+	int i, j;
+	unsigned char * good;
+
+	if (req_comp == img_n) return data;
+	STBI_ASSERT(req_comp >= 1 && req_comp <= 4);
+
+	good = (unsigned char *) stbi__malloc_mad3(req_comp, x, y, 0);
+	if (good == NULL) {
+		STBI_FREE(data);
+		return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	}
+
+	for (j = 0; j < (int) y; ++j) {
+		unsigned char * src = data + j * x * img_n;
+		unsigned char * dest = good + j * x * req_comp;
+
+#define STBI__COMBO(a, b) ((a) * 8 + (b))
+#define STBI__CASE(a, b) \
+	case STBI__COMBO(a, b): \
+		for (i = x - 1; i >= 0; --i, src += a, dest += b)
+		// convert source image with img_n components to one with req_comp components;
+		// avoid switch per pixel, so use switch per scanline and massive macros
+		switch (STBI__COMBO(img_n, req_comp)) {
+			STBI__CASE(1, 2) {
+				dest[0] = src[0];
+				dest[1] = 255;
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(1, 3) { dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0]; }
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(1, 4) {
+				dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0];
+				dest[3] = 255;
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(2, 1) { dest[0] = src[0]; }
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(2, 3) { dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0]; }
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(2, 4) {
+				dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0];
+				dest[3] = src[1];
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(3, 4) {
+				dest[0] = src[0];
+				dest[1] = src[1];
+				dest[2] = src[2];
+				dest[3] = 255;
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(3, 1) {
+				dest[0] = stbi__compute_y(src[0], src[1], src[2]);
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(3, 2) {
+				dest[0] = stbi__compute_y(src[0], src[1], src[2]);
+				dest[1] = 255;
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(4, 1) {
+				dest[0] = stbi__compute_y(src[0], src[1], src[2]);
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(4, 2) {
+				dest[0] = stbi__compute_y(src[0], src[1], src[2]);
+				dest[1] = src[3];
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(4, 3) {
+				dest[0] = src[0];
+				dest[1] = src[1];
+				dest[2] = src[2];
+			}
+			break;
+			default:
+				STBI_ASSERT(0);
+				STBI_FREE(data);
+				STBI_FREE(good);
+				return stbi__errpuc("unsupported",
+									"Unsupported format conversion");
+		}
+#undef STBI__CASE
+	}
+
+	STBI_FREE(data);
+	return good;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && defined(STBI_NO_PSD)
+// nothing
+#else
+static stbi__uint16 stbi__compute_y_16(int r, int g, int b) {
+	return (stbi__uint16) (((r * 77) + (g * 150) + (29 * b)) >> 8);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && defined(STBI_NO_PSD)
+// nothing
+#else
+static stbi__uint16 * stbi__convert_format16(stbi__uint16 * data, int img_n,
+											 int req_comp, unsigned int x,
+											 unsigned int y) {
+	int i, j;
+	stbi__uint16 * good;
+
+	if (req_comp == img_n) return data;
+	STBI_ASSERT(req_comp >= 1 && req_comp <= 4);
+
+	good = (stbi__uint16 *) stbi__malloc(req_comp * x * y * 2);
+	if (good == NULL) {
+		STBI_FREE(data);
+		return (stbi__uint16 *) stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	}
+
+	for (j = 0; j < (int) y; ++j) {
+		stbi__uint16 * src = data + j * x * img_n;
+		stbi__uint16 * dest = good + j * x * req_comp;
+
+#define STBI__COMBO(a, b) ((a) * 8 + (b))
+#define STBI__CASE(a, b) \
+	case STBI__COMBO(a, b): \
+		for (i = x - 1; i >= 0; --i, src += a, dest += b)
+		// convert source image with img_n components to one with req_comp components;
+		// avoid switch per pixel, so use switch per scanline and massive macros
+		switch (STBI__COMBO(img_n, req_comp)) {
+			STBI__CASE(1, 2) {
+				dest[0] = src[0];
+				dest[1] = 0xffff;
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(1, 3) { dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0]; }
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(1, 4) {
+				dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0];
+				dest[3] = 0xffff;
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(2, 1) { dest[0] = src[0]; }
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(2, 3) { dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0]; }
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(2, 4) {
+				dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0];
+				dest[3] = src[1];
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(3, 4) {
+				dest[0] = src[0];
+				dest[1] = src[1];
+				dest[2] = src[2];
+				dest[3] = 0xffff;
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(3, 1) {
+				dest[0] = stbi__compute_y_16(src[0], src[1], src[2]);
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(3, 2) {
+				dest[0] = stbi__compute_y_16(src[0], src[1], src[2]);
+				dest[1] = 0xffff;
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(4, 1) {
+				dest[0] = stbi__compute_y_16(src[0], src[1], src[2]);
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(4, 2) {
+				dest[0] = stbi__compute_y_16(src[0], src[1], src[2]);
+				dest[1] = src[3];
+			}
+			break;
+			STBI__CASE(4, 3) {
+				dest[0] = src[0];
+				dest[1] = src[1];
+				dest[2] = src[2];
+			}
+			break;
+			default:
+				STBI_ASSERT(0);
+				STBI_FREE(data);
+				STBI_FREE(good);
+				return (stbi__uint16 *) stbi__errpuc(
+					"unsupported", "Unsupported format conversion");
+		}
+#undef STBI__CASE
+	}
+
+	STBI_FREE(data);
+	return good;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
+static float * stbi__ldr_to_hdr(stbi_uc * data, int x, int y, int comp) {
+	int i, k, n;
+	float * output;
+	if (!data) return NULL;
+	output = (float *) stbi__malloc_mad4(x, y, comp, sizeof(float), 0);
+	if (output == NULL) {
+		STBI_FREE(data);
+		return stbi__errpf("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	}
+	// compute number of non-alpha components
+	if (comp & 1) n = comp;
+	else n = comp - 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < x * y; ++i) {
+		for (k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
+			output[i * comp + k]
+				= (float) (pow(data[i * comp + k] / 255.0f, stbi__l2h_gamma)
+						   * stbi__l2h_scale);
+		}
+	}
+	if (n < comp) {
+		for (i = 0; i < x * y; ++i) {
+			output[i * comp + n] = data[i * comp + n] / 255.0f;
+		}
+	}
+	STBI_FREE(data);
+	return output;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+#define stbi__float2int(x) ((int) (x))
+static stbi_uc * stbi__hdr_to_ldr(float * data, int x, int y, int comp) {
+	int i, k, n;
+	stbi_uc * output;
+	if (!data) return NULL;
+	output = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad3(x, y, comp, 0);
+	if (output == NULL) {
+		STBI_FREE(data);
+		return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	}
+	// compute number of non-alpha components
+	if (comp & 1) n = comp;
+	else n = comp - 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < x * y; ++i) {
+		for (k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
+			float z = (float) pow(data[i * comp + k] * stbi__h2l_scale_i,
+								  stbi__h2l_gamma_i)
+						  * 255
+					  + 0.5f;
+			if (z < 0) z = 0;
+			if (z > 255) z = 255;
+			output[i * comp + k] = (stbi_uc) stbi__float2int(z);
+		}
+		if (k < comp) {
+			float z = data[i * comp + k] * 255 + 0.5f;
+			if (z < 0) z = 0;
+			if (z > 255) z = 255;
+			output[i * comp + k] = (stbi_uc) stbi__float2int(z);
+		}
+	}
+	STBI_FREE(data);
+	return output;
+}
+#endif
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  "baseline" JPEG/JFIF decoder
+//
+//    simple implementation
+//      - doesn't support delayed output of y-dimension
+//      - simple interface (only one output format: 8-bit interleaved RGB)
+//      - doesn't try to recover corrupt jpegs
+//      - doesn't allow partial loading, loading multiple at once
+//      - still fast on x86 (copying globals into locals doesn't help x86)
+//      - allocates lots of intermediate memory (full size of all components)
+//        - non-interleaved case requires this anyway
+//        - allows good upsampling (see next)
+//    high-quality
+//      - upsampled channels are bilinearly interpolated, even across blocks
+//      - quality integer IDCT derived from IJG's 'slow'
+//    performance
+//      - fast huffman; reasonable integer IDCT
+//      - some SIMD kernels for common paths on targets with SSE2/NEON
+//      - uses a lot of intermediate memory, could cache poorly
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_JPEG
+
+// huffman decoding acceleration
+#define FAST_BITS 9 // larger handles more cases; smaller stomps less cache
+
+typedef struct {
+	stbi_uc fast[1 << FAST_BITS];
+	// weirdly, repacking this into AoS is a 10% speed loss, instead of a win
+	stbi__uint16 code[256];
+	stbi_uc values[256];
+	stbi_uc size[257];
+	unsigned int maxcode[18];
+	int delta[17]; // old 'firstsymbol' - old 'firstcode'
+} stbi__huffman;
+
+typedef struct {
+	stbi__context * s;
+	stbi__huffman huff_dc[4];
+	stbi__huffman huff_ac[4];
+	stbi__uint16 dequant[4][64];
+	stbi__int16 fast_ac[4][1 << FAST_BITS];
+
+	// sizes for components, interleaved MCUs
+	int img_h_max, img_v_max;
+	int img_mcu_x, img_mcu_y;
+	int img_mcu_w, img_mcu_h;
+
+	// definition of jpeg image component
+	struct {
+		int id;
+		int h, v;
+		int tq;
+		int hd, ha;
+		int dc_pred;
+
+		int x, y, w2, h2;
+		stbi_uc * data;
+		void *raw_data, *raw_coeff;
+		stbi_uc * linebuf;
+		short * coeff; // progressive only
+		int coeff_w, coeff_h; // number of 8x8 coefficient blocks
+	} img_comp[4];
+
+	stbi__uint32 code_buffer; // jpeg entropy-coded buffer
+	int code_bits; // number of valid bits
+	unsigned char marker; // marker seen while filling entropy buffer
+	int nomore; // flag if we saw a marker so must stop
+
+	int progressive;
+	int spec_start;
+	int spec_end;
+	int succ_high;
+	int succ_low;
+	int eob_run;
+	int jfif;
+	int app14_color_transform; // Adobe APP14 tag
+	int rgb;
+
+	int scan_n, order[4];
+	int restart_interval, todo;
+
+	// kernels
+	void (*idct_block_kernel)(stbi_uc * out, int out_stride, short data[64]);
+	void (*YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel)(stbi_uc * out, const stbi_uc * y,
+								const stbi_uc * pcb, const stbi_uc * pcr,
+								int count, int step);
+	stbi_uc * (*resample_row_hv_2_kernel)(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc * in_near,
+										  stbi_uc * in_far, int w, int hs);
+} stbi__jpeg;
+
+static int stbi__build_huffman(stbi__huffman * h, int * count) {
+	int i, j, k = 0;
+	unsigned int code;
+	// build size list for each symbol (from JPEG spec)
+	for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+		for (j = 0; j < count[i]; ++j) {
+			h->size[k++] = (stbi_uc) (i + 1);
+			if (k >= 257) return stbi__err("bad size list", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		}
+	}
+	h->size[k] = 0;
+
+	// compute actual symbols (from jpeg spec)
+	code = 0;
+	k = 0;
+	for (j = 1; j <= 16; ++j) {
+		// compute delta to add to code to compute symbol id
+		h->delta[j] = k - code;
+		if (h->size[k] == j) {
+			while (h->size[k] == j) h->code[k++] = (stbi__uint16) (code++);
+			if (code - 1 >= (1u << j))
+				return stbi__err("bad code lengths", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		}
+		// compute largest code + 1 for this size, preshifted as needed later
+		h->maxcode[j] = code << (16 - j);
+		code <<= 1;
+	}
+	h->maxcode[j] = 0xffffffff;
+
+	// build non-spec acceleration table; 255 is flag for not-accelerated
+	memset(h->fast, 255, 1 << FAST_BITS);
+	for (i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
+		int s = h->size[i];
+		if (s <= FAST_BITS) {
+			int c = h->code[i] << (FAST_BITS - s);
+			int m = 1 << (FAST_BITS - s);
+			for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
+				h->fast[c + j] = (stbi_uc) i;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+// build a table that decodes both magnitude and value of small ACs in
+// one go.
+static void stbi__build_fast_ac(stbi__int16 * fast_ac, stbi__huffman * h) {
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < (1 << FAST_BITS); ++i) {
+		stbi_uc fast = h->fast[i];
+		fast_ac[i] = 0;
+		if (fast < 255) {
+			int rs = h->values[fast];
+			int run = (rs >> 4) & 15;
+			int magbits = rs & 15;
+			int len = h->size[fast];
+
+			if (magbits && len + magbits <= FAST_BITS) {
+				// magnitude code followed by receive_extend code
+				int k = ((i << len) & ((1 << FAST_BITS) - 1))
+						>> (FAST_BITS - magbits);
+				int m = 1 << (magbits - 1);
+				if (k < m) k += (~0U << magbits) + 1;
+				// if the result is small enough, we can fit it in fast_ac table
+				if (k >= -128 && k <= 127)
+					fast_ac[i] = (stbi__int16) ((k * 256) + (run * 16)
+												+ (len + magbits));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(stbi__jpeg * j) {
+	do {
+		unsigned int b = j->nomore ? 0 : stbi__get8(j->s);
+		if (b == 0xff) {
+			int c = stbi__get8(j->s);
+			while (c == 0xff) c = stbi__get8(j->s); // consume fill bytes
+			if (c != 0) {
+				j->marker = (unsigned char) c;
+				j->nomore = 1;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		j->code_buffer |= b << (24 - j->code_bits);
+		j->code_bits += 8;
+	} while (j->code_bits <= 24);
+}
+
+// (1 << n) - 1
+static const stbi__uint32 stbi__bmask[17]
+	= {0,	1,	  3,	7,	  15,	31,	   63,	  127,	255,
+	   511, 1023, 2047, 4095, 8191, 16383, 32767, 65535};
+
+// decode a jpeg huffman value from the bitstream
+stbi_inline static int stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(stbi__jpeg * j,
+											  stbi__huffman * h) {
+	unsigned int temp;
+	int c, k;
+
+	if (j->code_bits < 16) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
+
+	// look at the top FAST_BITS and determine what symbol ID it is,
+	// if the code is <= FAST_BITS
+	c = (j->code_buffer >> (32 - FAST_BITS)) & ((1 << FAST_BITS) - 1);
+	k = h->fast[c];
+	if (k < 255) {
+		int s = h->size[k];
+		if (s > j->code_bits) return -1;
+		j->code_buffer <<= s;
+		j->code_bits -= s;
+		return h->values[k];
+	}
+
+	// naive test is to shift the code_buffer down so k bits are
+	// valid, then test against maxcode. To speed this up, we've
+	// preshifted maxcode left so that it has (16-k) 0s at the
+	// end; in other words, regardless of the number of bits, it
+	// wants to be compared against something shifted to have 16;
+	// that way we don't need to shift inside the loop.
+	temp = j->code_buffer >> 16;
+	for (k = FAST_BITS + 1;; ++k)
+		if (temp < h->maxcode[k]) break;
+	if (k == 17) {
+		// error! code not found
+		j->code_bits -= 16;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (k > j->code_bits) return -1;
+
+	// convert the huffman code to the symbol id
+	c = ((j->code_buffer >> (32 - k)) & stbi__bmask[k]) + h->delta[k];
+	if (c < 0 || c >= 256) // symbol id out of bounds!
+		return -1;
+	STBI_ASSERT(
+		(((j->code_buffer) >> (32 - h->size[c])) & stbi__bmask[h->size[c]])
+		== h->code[c]);
+
+	// convert the id to a symbol
+	j->code_bits -= k;
+	j->code_buffer <<= k;
+	return h->values[c];
+}
+
+// bias[n] = (-1<<n) + 1
+static const int stbi__jbias[16]
+	= {0,	 -1,   -3,	  -7,	 -15,	-31,   -63,	   -127,
+	   -255, -511, -1023, -2047, -4095, -8191, -16383, -32767};
+
+// combined JPEG 'receive' and JPEG 'extend', since baseline
+// always extends everything it receives.
+stbi_inline static int stbi__extend_receive(stbi__jpeg * j, int n) {
+	unsigned int k;
+	int sgn;
+	if (j->code_bits < n) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
+	if (j->code_bits < n)
+		return 0; // ran out of bits from stream, return 0s intead of continuing
+
+	sgn = j->code_buffer
+		  >> 31; // sign bit always in MSB; 0 if MSB clear (positive), 1 if MSB set (negative)
+	k = stbi_lrot(j->code_buffer, n);
+	j->code_buffer = k & ~stbi__bmask[n];
+	k &= stbi__bmask[n];
+	j->code_bits -= n;
+	return k + (stbi__jbias[n] & (sgn - 1));
+}
+
+// get some unsigned bits
+stbi_inline static int stbi__jpeg_get_bits(stbi__jpeg * j, int n) {
+	unsigned int k;
+	if (j->code_bits < n) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
+	if (j->code_bits < n)
+		return 0; // ran out of bits from stream, return 0s intead of continuing
+	k = stbi_lrot(j->code_buffer, n);
+	j->code_buffer = k & ~stbi__bmask[n];
+	k &= stbi__bmask[n];
+	j->code_bits -= n;
+	return k;
+}
+
+stbi_inline static int stbi__jpeg_get_bit(stbi__jpeg * j) {
+	unsigned int k;
+	if (j->code_bits < 1) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
+	if (j->code_bits < 1)
+		return 0; // ran out of bits from stream, return 0s intead of continuing
+	k = j->code_buffer;
+	j->code_buffer <<= 1;
+	--j->code_bits;
+	return k & 0x80000000;
+}
+
+// given a value that's at position X in the zigzag stream,
+// where does it appear in the 8x8 matrix coded as row-major?
+static const stbi_uc stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[64 + 15]
+	= {0, 1, 8, 16, 9, 2, 3, 10, 17, 24, 32, 25, 18, 11, 4, 5, 12, 19, 26, 33,
+	   40, 48, 41, 34, 27, 20, 13, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 57, 50, 43,
+	   36, 29, 22, 15, 23, 30, 37, 44, 51, 58, 59, 52, 45, 38, 31, 39, 46, 53,
+	   60, 61, 54, 47, 55, 62, 63,
+	   // let corrupt input sample past end
+	   63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63};
+
+// decode one 64-entry block--
+static int stbi__jpeg_decode_block(stbi__jpeg * j, short data[64],
+								   stbi__huffman * hdc, stbi__huffman * hac,
+								   stbi__int16 * fac, int b,
+								   stbi__uint16 * dequant) {
+	int diff, dc, k;
+	int t;
+
+	if (j->code_bits < 16) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
+	t = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hdc);
+	if (t < 0 || t > 15) return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
+
+	// 0 all the ac values now so we can do it 32-bits at a time
+	memset(data, 0, 64 * sizeof(data[0]));
+
+	diff = t ? stbi__extend_receive(j, t) : 0;
+	if (!stbi__addints_valid(j->img_comp[b].dc_pred, diff))
+		return stbi__err("bad delta", "Corrupt JPEG");
+	dc = j->img_comp[b].dc_pred + diff;
+	j->img_comp[b].dc_pred = dc;
+	if (!stbi__mul2shorts_valid(dc, dequant[0]))
+		return stbi__err("can't merge dc and ac", "Corrupt JPEG");
+	data[0] = (short) (dc * dequant[0]);
+
+	// decode AC components, see JPEG spec
+	k = 1;
+	do {
+		unsigned int zig;
+		int c, r, s;
+		if (j->code_bits < 16) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
+		c = (j->code_buffer >> (32 - FAST_BITS)) & ((1 << FAST_BITS) - 1);
+		r = fac[c];
+		if (r) { // fast-AC path
+			k += (r >> 4) & 15; // run
+			s = r & 15; // combined length
+			if (s > j->code_bits)
+				return stbi__err(
+					"bad huffman code",
+					"Combined length longer than code bits available");
+			j->code_buffer <<= s;
+			j->code_bits -= s;
+			// decode into unzigzag'd location
+			zig = stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++];
+			data[zig] = (short) ((r >> 8) * dequant[zig]);
+		} else {
+			int rs = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hac);
+			if (rs < 0) return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
+			s = rs & 15;
+			r = rs >> 4;
+			if (s == 0) {
+				if (rs != 0xf0) break; // end block
+				k += 16;
+			} else {
+				k += r;
+				// decode into unzigzag'd location
+				zig = stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++];
+				data[zig] = (short) (stbi__extend_receive(j, s) * dequant[zig]);
+			}
+		}
+	} while (k < 64);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_dc(stbi__jpeg * j, short data[64],
+										   stbi__huffman * hdc, int b) {
+	int diff, dc;
+	int t;
+	if (j->spec_end != 0)
+		return stbi__err("can't merge dc and ac", "Corrupt JPEG");
+
+	if (j->code_bits < 16) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
+
+	if (j->succ_high == 0) {
+		// first scan for DC coefficient, must be first
+		memset(data, 0, 64 * sizeof(data[0])); // 0 all the ac values now
+		t = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hdc);
+		if (t < 0 || t > 15)
+			return stbi__err("can't merge dc and ac", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		diff = t ? stbi__extend_receive(j, t) : 0;
+
+		if (!stbi__addints_valid(j->img_comp[b].dc_pred, diff))
+			return stbi__err("bad delta", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		dc = j->img_comp[b].dc_pred + diff;
+		j->img_comp[b].dc_pred = dc;
+		if (!stbi__mul2shorts_valid(dc, 1 << j->succ_low))
+			return stbi__err("can't merge dc and ac", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		data[0] = (short) (dc * (1 << j->succ_low));
+	} else {
+		// refinement scan for DC coefficient
+		if (stbi__jpeg_get_bit(j)) data[0] += (short) (1 << j->succ_low);
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+// @OPTIMIZE: store non-zigzagged during the decode passes,
+// and only de-zigzag when dequantizing
+static int stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_ac(stbi__jpeg * j, short data[64],
+										   stbi__huffman * hac,
+										   stbi__int16 * fac) {
+	int k;
+	if (j->spec_start == 0)
+		return stbi__err("can't merge dc and ac", "Corrupt JPEG");
+
+	if (j->succ_high == 0) {
+		int shift = j->succ_low;
+
+		if (j->eob_run) {
+			--j->eob_run;
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		k = j->spec_start;
+		do {
+			unsigned int zig;
+			int c, r, s;
+			if (j->code_bits < 16) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
+			c = (j->code_buffer >> (32 - FAST_BITS)) & ((1 << FAST_BITS) - 1);
+			r = fac[c];
+			if (r) { // fast-AC path
+				k += (r >> 4) & 15; // run
+				s = r & 15; // combined length
+				if (s > j->code_bits)
+					return stbi__err(
+						"bad huffman code",
+						"Combined length longer than code bits available");
+				j->code_buffer <<= s;
+				j->code_bits -= s;
+				zig = stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++];
+				data[zig] = (short) ((r >> 8) * (1 << shift));
+			} else {
+				int rs = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hac);
+				if (rs < 0)
+					return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
+				s = rs & 15;
+				r = rs >> 4;
+				if (s == 0) {
+					if (r < 15) {
+						j->eob_run = (1 << r);
+						if (r) j->eob_run += stbi__jpeg_get_bits(j, r);
+						--j->eob_run;
+						break;
+					}
+					k += 16;
+				} else {
+					k += r;
+					zig = stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++];
+					data[zig]
+						= (short) (stbi__extend_receive(j, s) * (1 << shift));
+				}
+			}
+		} while (k <= j->spec_end);
+	} else {
+		// refinement scan for these AC coefficients
+
+		short bit = (short) (1 << j->succ_low);
+
+		if (j->eob_run) {
+			--j->eob_run;
+			for (k = j->spec_start; k <= j->spec_end; ++k) {
+				short * p = &data[stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k]];
+				if (*p != 0)
+					if (stbi__jpeg_get_bit(j))
+						if ((*p & bit) == 0) {
+							if (*p > 0) *p += bit;
+							else *p -= bit;
+						}
+			}
+		} else {
+			k = j->spec_start;
+			do {
+				int r, s;
+				int rs = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(
+					j,
+					hac); // @OPTIMIZE see if we can use the fast path here, advance-by-r is so slow, eh
+				if (rs < 0)
+					return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
+				s = rs & 15;
+				r = rs >> 4;
+				if (s == 0) {
+					if (r < 15) {
+						j->eob_run = (1 << r) - 1;
+						if (r) j->eob_run += stbi__jpeg_get_bits(j, r);
+						r = 64; // force end of block
+					} else {
+						// r=15 s=0 should write 16 0s, so we just do
+						// a run of 15 0s and then write s (which is 0),
+						// so we don't have to do anything special here
+					}
+				} else {
+					if (s != 1)
+						return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
+					// sign bit
+					if (stbi__jpeg_get_bit(j)) s = bit;
+					else s = -bit;
+				}
+
+				// advance by r
+				while (k <= j->spec_end) {
+					short * p = &data[stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++]];
+					if (*p != 0) {
+						if (stbi__jpeg_get_bit(j))
+							if ((*p & bit) == 0) {
+								if (*p > 0) *p += bit;
+								else *p -= bit;
+							}
+					} else {
+						if (r == 0) {
+							*p = (short) s;
+							break;
+						}
+						--r;
+					}
+				}
+			} while (k <= j->spec_end);
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+// take a -128..127 value and stbi__clamp it and convert to 0..255
+stbi_inline static stbi_uc stbi__clamp(int x) {
+	// trick to use a single test to catch both cases
+	if ((unsigned int) x > 255) {
+		if (x < 0) return 0;
+		if (x > 255) return 255;
+	}
+	return (stbi_uc) x;
+}
+
+#define stbi__f2f(x) ((int) (((x) * 4096 + 0.5)))
+#define stbi__fsh(x) ((x) * 4096)
+
+// derived from jidctint -- DCT_ISLOW
+#define STBI__IDCT_1D(s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7) \
+	int t0, t1, t2, t3, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, x0, x1, x2, x3; \
+	p2 = s2; \
+	p3 = s6; \
+	p1 = (p2 + p3) * stbi__f2f(0.5411961f); \
+	t2 = p1 + p3 * stbi__f2f(-1.847759065f); \
+	t3 = p1 + p2 * stbi__f2f(0.765366865f); \
+	p2 = s0; \
+	p3 = s4; \
+	t0 = stbi__fsh(p2 + p3); \
+	t1 = stbi__fsh(p2 - p3); \
+	x0 = t0 + t3; \
+	x3 = t0 - t3; \
+	x1 = t1 + t2; \
+	x2 = t1 - t2; \
+	t0 = s7; \
+	t1 = s5; \
+	t2 = s3; \
+	t3 = s1; \
+	p3 = t0 + t2; \
+	p4 = t1 + t3; \
+	p1 = t0 + t3; \
+	p2 = t1 + t2; \
+	p5 = (p3 + p4) * stbi__f2f(1.175875602f); \
+	t0 = t0 * stbi__f2f(0.298631336f); \
+	t1 = t1 * stbi__f2f(2.053119869f); \
+	t2 = t2 * stbi__f2f(3.072711026f); \
+	t3 = t3 * stbi__f2f(1.501321110f); \
+	p1 = p5 + p1 * stbi__f2f(-0.899976223f); \
+	p2 = p5 + p2 * stbi__f2f(-2.562915447f); \
+	p3 = p3 * stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f); \
+	p4 = p4 * stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f); \
+	t3 += p1 + p4; \
+	t2 += p2 + p3; \
+	t1 += p2 + p4; \
+	t0 += p1 + p3;
+
+static void stbi__idct_block(stbi_uc * out, int out_stride, short data[64]) {
+	int i, val[64], *v = val;
+	stbi_uc * o;
+	short * d = data;
+
+	// columns
+	for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i, ++d, ++v) {
+		// if all zeroes, shortcut -- this avoids dequantizing 0s and IDCTing
+		if (d[8] == 0 && d[16] == 0 && d[24] == 0 && d[32] == 0 && d[40] == 0
+			&& d[48] == 0 && d[56] == 0) {
+			//    no shortcut                 0     seconds
+			//    (1|2|3|4|5|6|7)==0          0     seconds
+			//    all separate               -0.047 seconds
+			//    1 && 2|3 && 4|5 && 6|7:    -0.047 seconds
+			int dcterm = d[0] * 4;
+			v[0] = v[8] = v[16] = v[24] = v[32] = v[40] = v[48] = v[56]
+				= dcterm;
+		} else {
+			STBI__IDCT_1D(d[0], d[8], d[16], d[24], d[32], d[40], d[48], d[56])
+			// constants scaled things up by 1<<12; let's bring them back
+			// down, but keep 2 extra bits of precision
+			x0 += 512;
+			x1 += 512;
+			x2 += 512;
+			x3 += 512;
+			v[0] = (x0 + t3) >> 10;
+			v[56] = (x0 - t3) >> 10;
+			v[8] = (x1 + t2) >> 10;
+			v[48] = (x1 - t2) >> 10;
+			v[16] = (x2 + t1) >> 10;
+			v[40] = (x2 - t1) >> 10;
+			v[24] = (x3 + t0) >> 10;
+			v[32] = (x3 - t0) >> 10;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0, v = val, o = out; i < 8; ++i, v += 8, o += out_stride) {
+		// no fast case since the first 1D IDCT spread components out
+		STBI__IDCT_1D(v[0], v[1], v[2], v[3], v[4], v[5], v[6], v[7])
+		// constants scaled things up by 1<<12, plus we had 1<<2 from first
+		// loop, plus horizontal and vertical each scale by sqrt(8) so together
+		// we've got an extra 1<<3, so 1<<17 total we need to remove.
+		// so we want to round that, which means adding 0.5 * 1<<17,
+		// aka 65536. Also, we'll end up with -128 to 127 that we want
+		// to encode as 0..255 by adding 128, so we'll add that before the shift
+		x0 += 65536 + (128 << 17);
+		x1 += 65536 + (128 << 17);
+		x2 += 65536 + (128 << 17);
+		x3 += 65536 + (128 << 17);
+		// tried computing the shifts into temps, or'ing the temps to see
+		// if any were out of range, but that was slower
+		o[0] = stbi__clamp((x0 + t3) >> 17);
+		o[7] = stbi__clamp((x0 - t3) >> 17);
+		o[1] = stbi__clamp((x1 + t2) >> 17);
+		o[6] = stbi__clamp((x1 - t2) >> 17);
+		o[2] = stbi__clamp((x2 + t1) >> 17);
+		o[5] = stbi__clamp((x2 - t1) >> 17);
+		o[3] = stbi__clamp((x3 + t0) >> 17);
+		o[4] = stbi__clamp((x3 - t0) >> 17);
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef STBI_SSE2
+// sse2 integer IDCT. not the fastest possible implementation but it
+// produces bit-identical results to the generic C version so it's
+// fully "transparent".
+static void stbi__idct_simd(stbi_uc * out, int out_stride, short data[64]) {
+	// This is constructed to match our regular (generic) integer IDCT exactly.
+	__m128i row0, row1, row2, row3, row4, row5, row6, row7;
+	__m128i tmp;
+
+// dot product constant: even elems=x, odd elems=y
+#define dct_const(x, y) _mm_setr_epi16((x), (y), (x), (y), (x), (y), (x), (y))
+
+// out(0) = c0[even]*x + c0[odd]*y   (c0, x, y 16-bit, out 32-bit)
+// out(1) = c1[even]*x + c1[odd]*y
+#define dct_rot(out0, out1, x, y, c0, c1) \
+	__m128i c0##lo = _mm_unpacklo_epi16((x), (y)); \
+	__m128i c0##hi = _mm_unpackhi_epi16((x), (y)); \
+	__m128i out0##_l = _mm_madd_epi16(c0##lo, c0); \
+	__m128i out0##_h = _mm_madd_epi16(c0##hi, c0); \
+	__m128i out1##_l = _mm_madd_epi16(c0##lo, c1); \
+	__m128i out1##_h = _mm_madd_epi16(c0##hi, c1)
+
+// out = in << 12  (in 16-bit, out 32-bit)
+#define dct_widen(out, in) \
+	__m128i out##_l \
+		= _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_unpacklo_epi16(_mm_setzero_si128(), (in)), 4); \
+	__m128i out##_h \
+		= _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi16(_mm_setzero_si128(), (in)), 4)
+
+// wide add
+#define dct_wadd(out, a, b) \
+	__m128i out##_l = _mm_add_epi32(a##_l, b##_l); \
+	__m128i out##_h = _mm_add_epi32(a##_h, b##_h)
+
+// wide sub
+#define dct_wsub(out, a, b) \
+	__m128i out##_l = _mm_sub_epi32(a##_l, b##_l); \
+	__m128i out##_h = _mm_sub_epi32(a##_h, b##_h)
+
+// butterfly a/b, add bias, then shift by "s" and pack
+#define dct_bfly32o(out0, out1, a, b, bias, s) \
+	{ \
+		__m128i abiased_l = _mm_add_epi32(a##_l, bias); \
+		__m128i abiased_h = _mm_add_epi32(a##_h, bias); \
+		dct_wadd(sum, abiased, b); \
+		dct_wsub(dif, abiased, b); \
+		out0 = _mm_packs_epi32(_mm_srai_epi32(sum_l, s), \
+							   _mm_srai_epi32(sum_h, s)); \
+		out1 = _mm_packs_epi32(_mm_srai_epi32(dif_l, s), \
+							   _mm_srai_epi32(dif_h, s)); \
+	}
+
+// 8-bit interleave step (for transposes)
+#define dct_interleave8(a, b) \
+	tmp = a; \
+	a = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(a, b); \
+	b = _mm_unpackhi_epi8(tmp, b)
+
+// 16-bit interleave step (for transposes)
+#define dct_interleave16(a, b) \
+	tmp = a; \
+	a = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(a, b); \
+	b = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(tmp, b)
+
+#define dct_pass(bias, shift) \
+	{ \
+		/* even part */ \
+		dct_rot(t2e, t3e, row2, row6, rot0_0, rot0_1); \
+		__m128i sum04 = _mm_add_epi16(row0, row4); \
+		__m128i dif04 = _mm_sub_epi16(row0, row4); \
+		dct_widen(t0e, sum04); \
+		dct_widen(t1e, dif04); \
+		dct_wadd(x0, t0e, t3e); \
+		dct_wsub(x3, t0e, t3e); \
+		dct_wadd(x1, t1e, t2e); \
+		dct_wsub(x2, t1e, t2e); \
+		/* odd part */ \
+		dct_rot(y0o, y2o, row7, row3, rot2_0, rot2_1); \
+		dct_rot(y1o, y3o, row5, row1, rot3_0, rot3_1); \
+		__m128i sum17 = _mm_add_epi16(row1, row7); \
+		__m128i sum35 = _mm_add_epi16(row3, row5); \
+		dct_rot(y4o, y5o, sum17, sum35, rot1_0, rot1_1); \
+		dct_wadd(x4, y0o, y4o); \
+		dct_wadd(x5, y1o, y5o); \
+		dct_wadd(x6, y2o, y5o); \
+		dct_wadd(x7, y3o, y4o); \
+		dct_bfly32o(row0, row7, x0, x7, bias, shift); \
+		dct_bfly32o(row1, row6, x1, x6, bias, shift); \
+		dct_bfly32o(row2, row5, x2, x5, bias, shift); \
+		dct_bfly32o(row3, row4, x3, x4, bias, shift); \
+	}
+
+	__m128i rot0_0
+		= dct_const(stbi__f2f(0.5411961f),
+					stbi__f2f(0.5411961f) + stbi__f2f(-1.847759065f));
+	__m128i rot0_1 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(0.5411961f) + stbi__f2f(0.765366865f),
+							   stbi__f2f(0.5411961f));
+	__m128i rot1_0
+		= dct_const(stbi__f2f(1.175875602f) + stbi__f2f(-0.899976223f),
+					stbi__f2f(1.175875602f));
+	__m128i rot1_1
+		= dct_const(stbi__f2f(1.175875602f),
+					stbi__f2f(1.175875602f) + stbi__f2f(-2.562915447f));
+	__m128i rot2_0
+		= dct_const(stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f) + stbi__f2f(0.298631336f),
+					stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f));
+	__m128i rot2_1
+		= dct_const(stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f),
+					stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f) + stbi__f2f(3.072711026f));
+	__m128i rot3_0
+		= dct_const(stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f) + stbi__f2f(2.053119869f),
+					stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f));
+	__m128i rot3_1
+		= dct_const(stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f),
+					stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f) + stbi__f2f(1.501321110f));
+
+	// rounding biases in column/row passes, see stbi__idct_block for explanation.
+	__m128i bias_0 = _mm_set1_epi32(512);
+	__m128i bias_1 = _mm_set1_epi32(65536 + (128 << 17));
+
+	// load
+	row0 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *) (data + 0 * 8));
+	row1 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *) (data + 1 * 8));
+	row2 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *) (data + 2 * 8));
+	row3 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *) (data + 3 * 8));
+	row4 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *) (data + 4 * 8));
+	row5 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *) (data + 5 * 8));
+	row6 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *) (data + 6 * 8));
+	row7 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *) (data + 7 * 8));
+
+	// column pass
+	dct_pass(bias_0, 10);
+
+	{
+		// 16bit 8x8 transpose pass 1
+		dct_interleave16(row0, row4);
+		dct_interleave16(row1, row5);
+		dct_interleave16(row2, row6);
+		dct_interleave16(row3, row7);
+
+		// transpose pass 2
+		dct_interleave16(row0, row2);
+		dct_interleave16(row1, row3);
+		dct_interleave16(row4, row6);
+		dct_interleave16(row5, row7);
+
+		// transpose pass 3
+		dct_interleave16(row0, row1);
+		dct_interleave16(row2, row3);
+		dct_interleave16(row4, row5);
+		dct_interleave16(row6, row7);
+	}
+
+	// row pass
+	dct_pass(bias_1, 17);
+
+	{
+		// pack
+		__m128i p0 = _mm_packus_epi16(row0, row1); // a0a1a2a3...a7b0b1b2b3...b7
+		__m128i p1 = _mm_packus_epi16(row2, row3);
+		__m128i p2 = _mm_packus_epi16(row4, row5);
+		__m128i p3 = _mm_packus_epi16(row6, row7);
+
+		// 8bit 8x8 transpose pass 1
+		dct_interleave8(p0, p2); // a0e0a1e1...
+		dct_interleave8(p1, p3); // c0g0c1g1...
+
+		// transpose pass 2
+		dct_interleave8(p0, p1); // a0c0e0g0...
+		dct_interleave8(p2, p3); // b0d0f0h0...
+
+		// transpose pass 3
+		dct_interleave8(p0, p2); // a0b0c0d0...
+		dct_interleave8(p1, p3); // a4b4c4d4...
+
+		// store
+		_mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *) out, p0);
+		out += out_stride;
+		_mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *) out, _mm_shuffle_epi32(p0, 0x4e));
+		out += out_stride;
+		_mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *) out, p2);
+		out += out_stride;
+		_mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *) out, _mm_shuffle_epi32(p2, 0x4e));
+		out += out_stride;
+		_mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *) out, p1);
+		out += out_stride;
+		_mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *) out, _mm_shuffle_epi32(p1, 0x4e));
+		out += out_stride;
+		_mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *) out, p3);
+		out += out_stride;
+		_mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *) out, _mm_shuffle_epi32(p3, 0x4e));
+	}
+
+#undef dct_const
+#undef dct_rot
+#undef dct_widen
+#undef dct_wadd
+#undef dct_wsub
+#undef dct_bfly32o
+#undef dct_interleave8
+#undef dct_interleave16
+#undef dct_pass
+}
+
+#endif // STBI_SSE2
+
+#ifdef STBI_NEON
+
+// NEON integer IDCT. should produce bit-identical
+// results to the generic C version.
+static void stbi__idct_simd(stbi_uc * out, int out_stride, short data[64]) {
+	int16x8_t row0, row1, row2, row3, row4, row5, row6, row7;
+
+	int16x4_t rot0_0 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(0.5411961f));
+	int16x4_t rot0_1 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-1.847759065f));
+	int16x4_t rot0_2 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(0.765366865f));
+	int16x4_t rot1_0 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(1.175875602f));
+	int16x4_t rot1_1 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-0.899976223f));
+	int16x4_t rot1_2 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-2.562915447f));
+	int16x4_t rot2_0 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f));
+	int16x4_t rot2_1 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f));
+	int16x4_t rot3_0 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(0.298631336f));
+	int16x4_t rot3_1 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(2.053119869f));
+	int16x4_t rot3_2 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(3.072711026f));
+	int16x4_t rot3_3 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(1.501321110f));
+
+#define dct_long_mul(out, inq, coeff) \
+	int32x4_t out##_l = vmull_s16(vget_low_s16(inq), coeff); \
+	int32x4_t out##_h = vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(inq), coeff)
+
+#define dct_long_mac(out, acc, inq, coeff) \
+	int32x4_t out##_l = vmlal_s16(acc##_l, vget_low_s16(inq), coeff); \
+	int32x4_t out##_h = vmlal_s16(acc##_h, vget_high_s16(inq), coeff)
+
+#define dct_widen(out, inq) \
+	int32x4_t out##_l = vshll_n_s16(vget_low_s16(inq), 12); \
+	int32x4_t out##_h = vshll_n_s16(vget_high_s16(inq), 12)
+
+// wide add
+#define dct_wadd(out, a, b) \
+	int32x4_t out##_l = vaddq_s32(a##_l, b##_l); \
+	int32x4_t out##_h = vaddq_s32(a##_h, b##_h)
+
+// wide sub
+#define dct_wsub(out, a, b) \
+	int32x4_t out##_l = vsubq_s32(a##_l, b##_l); \
+	int32x4_t out##_h = vsubq_s32(a##_h, b##_h)
+
+// butterfly a/b, then shift using "shiftop" by "s" and pack
+#define dct_bfly32o(out0, out1, a, b, shiftop, s) \
+	{ \
+		dct_wadd(sum, a, b); \
+		dct_wsub(dif, a, b); \
+		out0 = vcombine_s16(shiftop(sum_l, s), shiftop(sum_h, s)); \
+		out1 = vcombine_s16(shiftop(dif_l, s), shiftop(dif_h, s)); \
+	}
+
+#define dct_pass(shiftop, shift) \
+	{ \
+		/* even part */ \
+		int16x8_t sum26 = vaddq_s16(row2, row6); \
+		dct_long_mul(p1e, sum26, rot0_0); \
+		dct_long_mac(t2e, p1e, row6, rot0_1); \
+		dct_long_mac(t3e, p1e, row2, rot0_2); \
+		int16x8_t sum04 = vaddq_s16(row0, row4); \
+		int16x8_t dif04 = vsubq_s16(row0, row4); \
+		dct_widen(t0e, sum04); \
+		dct_widen(t1e, dif04); \
+		dct_wadd(x0, t0e, t3e); \
+		dct_wsub(x3, t0e, t3e); \
+		dct_wadd(x1, t1e, t2e); \
+		dct_wsub(x2, t1e, t2e); \
+		/* odd part */ \
+		int16x8_t sum15 = vaddq_s16(row1, row5); \
+		int16x8_t sum17 = vaddq_s16(row1, row7); \
+		int16x8_t sum35 = vaddq_s16(row3, row5); \
+		int16x8_t sum37 = vaddq_s16(row3, row7); \
+		int16x8_t sumodd = vaddq_s16(sum17, sum35); \
+		dct_long_mul(p5o, sumodd, rot1_0); \
+		dct_long_mac(p1o, p5o, sum17, rot1_1); \
+		dct_long_mac(p2o, p5o, sum35, rot1_2); \
+		dct_long_mul(p3o, sum37, rot2_0); \
+		dct_long_mul(p4o, sum15, rot2_1); \
+		dct_wadd(sump13o, p1o, p3o); \
+		dct_wadd(sump24o, p2o, p4o); \
+		dct_wadd(sump23o, p2o, p3o); \
+		dct_wadd(sump14o, p1o, p4o); \
+		dct_long_mac(x4, sump13o, row7, rot3_0); \
+		dct_long_mac(x5, sump24o, row5, rot3_1); \
+		dct_long_mac(x6, sump23o, row3, rot3_2); \
+		dct_long_mac(x7, sump14o, row1, rot3_3); \
+		dct_bfly32o(row0, row7, x0, x7, shiftop, shift); \
+		dct_bfly32o(row1, row6, x1, x6, shiftop, shift); \
+		dct_bfly32o(row2, row5, x2, x5, shiftop, shift); \
+		dct_bfly32o(row3, row4, x3, x4, shiftop, shift); \
+	}
+
+	// load
+	row0 = vld1q_s16(data + 0 * 8);
+	row1 = vld1q_s16(data + 1 * 8);
+	row2 = vld1q_s16(data + 2 * 8);
+	row3 = vld1q_s16(data + 3 * 8);
+	row4 = vld1q_s16(data + 4 * 8);
+	row5 = vld1q_s16(data + 5 * 8);
+	row6 = vld1q_s16(data + 6 * 8);
+	row7 = vld1q_s16(data + 7 * 8);
+
+	// add DC bias
+	row0 = vaddq_s16(row0, vsetq_lane_s16(1024, vdupq_n_s16(0), 0));
+
+	// column pass
+	dct_pass(vrshrn_n_s32, 10);
+
+	// 16bit 8x8 transpose
+	{
+// these three map to a single VTRN.16, VTRN.32, and VSWP, respectively.
+// whether compilers actually get this is another story, sadly.
+#define dct_trn16(x, y) \
+	{ \
+		int16x8x2_t t = vtrnq_s16(x, y); \
+		x = t.val[0]; \
+		y = t.val[1]; \
+	}
+#define dct_trn32(x, y) \
+	{ \
+		int32x4x2_t t \
+			= vtrnq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_s16(x), vreinterpretq_s32_s16(y)); \
+		x = vreinterpretq_s16_s32(t.val[0]); \
+		y = vreinterpretq_s16_s32(t.val[1]); \
+	}
+#define dct_trn64(x, y) \
+	{ \
+		int16x8_t x0 = x; \
+		int16x8_t y0 = y; \
+		x = vcombine_s16(vget_low_s16(x0), vget_low_s16(y0)); \
+		y = vcombine_s16(vget_high_s16(x0), vget_high_s16(y0)); \
+	}
+
+		// pass 1
+		dct_trn16(row0, row1); // a0b0a2b2a4b4a6b6
+		dct_trn16(row2, row3);
+		dct_trn16(row4, row5);
+		dct_trn16(row6, row7);
+
+		// pass 2
+		dct_trn32(row0, row2); // a0b0c0d0a4b4c4d4
+		dct_trn32(row1, row3);
+		dct_trn32(row4, row6);
+		dct_trn32(row5, row7);
+
+		// pass 3
+		dct_trn64(row0, row4); // a0b0c0d0e0f0g0h0
+		dct_trn64(row1, row5);
+		dct_trn64(row2, row6);
+		dct_trn64(row3, row7);
+
+#undef dct_trn16
+#undef dct_trn32
+#undef dct_trn64
+	}
+
+	// row pass
+	// vrshrn_n_s32 only supports shifts up to 16, we need
+	// 17. so do a non-rounding shift of 16 first then follow
+	// up with a rounding shift by 1.
+	dct_pass(vshrn_n_s32, 16);
+
+	{
+		// pack and round
+		uint8x8_t p0 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row0, 1);
+		uint8x8_t p1 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row1, 1);
+		uint8x8_t p2 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row2, 1);
+		uint8x8_t p3 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row3, 1);
+		uint8x8_t p4 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row4, 1);
+		uint8x8_t p5 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row5, 1);
+		uint8x8_t p6 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row6, 1);
+		uint8x8_t p7 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row7, 1);
+
+		// again, these can translate into one instruction, but often don't.
+#define dct_trn8_8(x, y) \
+	{ \
+		uint8x8x2_t t = vtrn_u8(x, y); \
+		x = t.val[0]; \
+		y = t.val[1]; \
+	}
+#define dct_trn8_16(x, y) \
+	{ \
+		uint16x4x2_t t \
+			= vtrn_u16(vreinterpret_u16_u8(x), vreinterpret_u16_u8(y)); \
+		x = vreinterpret_u8_u16(t.val[0]); \
+		y = vreinterpret_u8_u16(t.val[1]); \
+	}
+#define dct_trn8_32(x, y) \
+	{ \
+		uint32x2x2_t t \
+			= vtrn_u32(vreinterpret_u32_u8(x), vreinterpret_u32_u8(y)); \
+		x = vreinterpret_u8_u32(t.val[0]); \
+		y = vreinterpret_u8_u32(t.val[1]); \
+	}
+
+		// sadly can't use interleaved stores here since we only write
+		// 8 bytes to each scan line!
+
+		// 8x8 8-bit transpose pass 1
+		dct_trn8_8(p0, p1);
+		dct_trn8_8(p2, p3);
+		dct_trn8_8(p4, p5);
+		dct_trn8_8(p6, p7);
+
+		// pass 2
+		dct_trn8_16(p0, p2);
+		dct_trn8_16(p1, p3);
+		dct_trn8_16(p4, p6);
+		dct_trn8_16(p5, p7);
+
+		// pass 3
+		dct_trn8_32(p0, p4);
+		dct_trn8_32(p1, p5);
+		dct_trn8_32(p2, p6);
+		dct_trn8_32(p3, p7);
+
+		// store
+		vst1_u8(out, p0);
+		out += out_stride;
+		vst1_u8(out, p1);
+		out += out_stride;
+		vst1_u8(out, p2);
+		out += out_stride;
+		vst1_u8(out, p3);
+		out += out_stride;
+		vst1_u8(out, p4);
+		out += out_stride;
+		vst1_u8(out, p5);
+		out += out_stride;
+		vst1_u8(out, p6);
+		out += out_stride;
+		vst1_u8(out, p7);
+
+#undef dct_trn8_8
+#undef dct_trn8_16
+#undef dct_trn8_32
+	}
+
+#undef dct_long_mul
+#undef dct_long_mac
+#undef dct_widen
+#undef dct_wadd
+#undef dct_wsub
+#undef dct_bfly32o
+#undef dct_pass
+}
+
+#endif // STBI_NEON
+
+#define STBI__MARKER_none 0xff
+// if there's a pending marker from the entropy stream, return that
+// otherwise, fetch from the stream and get a marker. if there's no
+// marker, return 0xff, which is never a valid marker value
+static stbi_uc stbi__get_marker(stbi__jpeg * j) {
+	stbi_uc x;
+	if (j->marker != STBI__MARKER_none) {
+		x = j->marker;
+		j->marker = STBI__MARKER_none;
+		return x;
+	}
+	x = stbi__get8(j->s);
+	if (x != 0xff) return STBI__MARKER_none;
+	while (x == 0xff) x = stbi__get8(j->s); // consume repeated 0xff fill bytes
+	return x;
+}
+
+// in each scan, we'll have scan_n components, and the order
+// of the components is specified by order[]
+#define STBI__RESTART(x) ((x) >= 0xd0 && (x) <= 0xd7)
+
+// after a restart interval, stbi__jpeg_reset the entropy decoder and
+// the dc prediction
+static void stbi__jpeg_reset(stbi__jpeg * j) {
+	j->code_bits = 0;
+	j->code_buffer = 0;
+	j->nomore = 0;
+	j->img_comp[0].dc_pred = j->img_comp[1].dc_pred = j->img_comp[2].dc_pred
+		= j->img_comp[3].dc_pred = 0;
+	j->marker = STBI__MARKER_none;
+	j->todo = j->restart_interval ? j->restart_interval : 0x7fffffff;
+	j->eob_run = 0;
+	// no more than 1<<31 MCUs if no restart_interal? that's plenty safe,
+	// since we don't even allow 1<<30 pixels
+}
+
+static int stbi__parse_entropy_coded_data(stbi__jpeg * z) {
+	stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
+	if (!z->progressive) {
+		if (z->scan_n == 1) {
+			int i, j;
+			STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(short, data[64]);
+			int n = z->order[0];
+			// non-interleaved data, we just need to process one block at a time,
+			// in trivial scanline order
+			// number of blocks to do just depends on how many actual "pixels" this
+			// component has, independent of interleaved MCU blocking and such
+			int w = (z->img_comp[n].x + 7) >> 3;
+			int h = (z->img_comp[n].y + 7) >> 3;
+			for (j = 0; j < h; ++j) {
+				for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) {
+					int ha = z->img_comp[n].ha;
+					if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block(
+							z, data, z->huff_dc + z->img_comp[n].hd,
+							z->huff_ac + ha, z->fast_ac[ha], n,
+							z->dequant[z->img_comp[n].tq]))
+						return 0;
+					z->idct_block_kernel(
+						z->img_comp[n].data + z->img_comp[n].w2 * j * 8 + i * 8,
+						z->img_comp[n].w2, data);
+					// every data block is an MCU, so countdown the restart interval
+					if (--z->todo <= 0) {
+						if (z->code_bits < 24) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(z);
+						// if it's NOT a restart, then just bail, so we get corrupt data
+						// rather than no data
+						if (!STBI__RESTART(z->marker)) return 1;
+						stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return 1;
+		} else { // interleaved
+			int i, j, k, x, y;
+			STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(short, data[64]);
+			for (j = 0; j < z->img_mcu_y; ++j) {
+				for (i = 0; i < z->img_mcu_x; ++i) {
+					// scan an interleaved mcu... process scan_n components in order
+					for (k = 0; k < z->scan_n; ++k) {
+						int n = z->order[k];
+						// scan out an mcu's worth of this component; that's just determined
+						// by the basic H and V specified for the component
+						for (y = 0; y < z->img_comp[n].v; ++y) {
+							for (x = 0; x < z->img_comp[n].h; ++x) {
+								int x2 = (i * z->img_comp[n].h + x) * 8;
+								int y2 = (j * z->img_comp[n].v + y) * 8;
+								int ha = z->img_comp[n].ha;
+								if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block(
+										z, data, z->huff_dc + z->img_comp[n].hd,
+										z->huff_ac + ha, z->fast_ac[ha], n,
+										z->dequant[z->img_comp[n].tq]))
+									return 0;
+								z->idct_block_kernel(
+									z->img_comp[n].data + z->img_comp[n].w2 * y2
+										+ x2,
+									z->img_comp[n].w2, data);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					// after all interleaved components, that's an interleaved MCU,
+					// so now count down the restart interval
+					if (--z->todo <= 0) {
+						if (z->code_bits < 24) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(z);
+						if (!STBI__RESTART(z->marker)) return 1;
+						stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (z->scan_n == 1) {
+			int i, j;
+			int n = z->order[0];
+			// non-interleaved data, we just need to process one block at a time,
+			// in trivial scanline order
+			// number of blocks to do just depends on how many actual "pixels" this
+			// component has, independent of interleaved MCU blocking and such
+			int w = (z->img_comp[n].x + 7) >> 3;
+			int h = (z->img_comp[n].y + 7) >> 3;
+			for (j = 0; j < h; ++j) {
+				for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) {
+					short * data = z->img_comp[n].coeff
+								   + 64 * (i + j * z->img_comp[n].coeff_w);
+					if (z->spec_start == 0) {
+						if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_dc(
+								z, data, &z->huff_dc[z->img_comp[n].hd], n))
+							return 0;
+					} else {
+						int ha = z->img_comp[n].ha;
+						if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_ac(
+								z, data, &z->huff_ac[ha], z->fast_ac[ha]))
+							return 0;
+					}
+					// every data block is an MCU, so countdown the restart interval
+					if (--z->todo <= 0) {
+						if (z->code_bits < 24) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(z);
+						if (!STBI__RESTART(z->marker)) return 1;
+						stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return 1;
+		} else { // interleaved
+			int i, j, k, x, y;
+			for (j = 0; j < z->img_mcu_y; ++j) {
+				for (i = 0; i < z->img_mcu_x; ++i) {
+					// scan an interleaved mcu... process scan_n components in order
+					for (k = 0; k < z->scan_n; ++k) {
+						int n = z->order[k];
+						// scan out an mcu's worth of this component; that's just determined
+						// by the basic H and V specified for the component
+						for (y = 0; y < z->img_comp[n].v; ++y) {
+							for (x = 0; x < z->img_comp[n].h; ++x) {
+								int x2 = (i * z->img_comp[n].h + x);
+								int y2 = (j * z->img_comp[n].v + y);
+								short * data
+									= z->img_comp[n].coeff
+									  + 64 * (x2 + y2 * z->img_comp[n].coeff_w);
+								if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_dc(
+										z, data, &z->huff_dc[z->img_comp[n].hd],
+										n))
+									return 0;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					// after all interleaved components, that's an interleaved MCU,
+					// so now count down the restart interval
+					if (--z->todo <= 0) {
+						if (z->code_bits < 24) stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(z);
+						if (!STBI__RESTART(z->marker)) return 1;
+						stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void stbi__jpeg_dequantize(short * data, stbi__uint16 * dequant) {
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) data[i] *= dequant[i];
+}
+
+static void stbi__jpeg_finish(stbi__jpeg * z) {
+	if (z->progressive) {
+		// dequantize and idct the data
+		int i, j, n;
+		for (n = 0; n < z->s->img_n; ++n) {
+			int w = (z->img_comp[n].x + 7) >> 3;
+			int h = (z->img_comp[n].y + 7) >> 3;
+			for (j = 0; j < h; ++j) {
+				for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) {
+					short * data = z->img_comp[n].coeff
+								   + 64 * (i + j * z->img_comp[n].coeff_w);
+					stbi__jpeg_dequantize(data, z->dequant[z->img_comp[n].tq]);
+					z->idct_block_kernel(
+						z->img_comp[n].data + z->img_comp[n].w2 * j * 8 + i * 8,
+						z->img_comp[n].w2, data);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int stbi__process_marker(stbi__jpeg * z, int m) {
+	int L;
+	switch (m) {
+		case STBI__MARKER_none: // no marker found
+			return stbi__err("expected marker", "Corrupt JPEG");
+
+		case 0xDD: // DRI - specify restart interval
+			if (stbi__get16be(z->s) != 4)
+				return stbi__err("bad DRI len", "Corrupt JPEG");
+			z->restart_interval = stbi__get16be(z->s);
+			return 1;
+
+		case 0xDB: // DQT - define quantization table
+			L = stbi__get16be(z->s) - 2;
+			while (L > 0) {
+				int q = stbi__get8(z->s);
+				int p = q >> 4, sixteen = (p != 0);
+				int t = q & 15, i;
+				if (p != 0 && p != 1)
+					return stbi__err("bad DQT type", "Corrupt JPEG");
+				if (t > 3) return stbi__err("bad DQT table", "Corrupt JPEG");
+
+				for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i)
+					z->dequant[t][stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[i]]
+						= (stbi__uint16) (sixteen ? stbi__get16be(z->s)
+												  : stbi__get8(z->s));
+				L -= (sixteen ? 129 : 65);
+			}
+			return L == 0;
+
+		case 0xC4: // DHT - define huffman table
+			L = stbi__get16be(z->s) - 2;
+			while (L > 0) {
+				stbi_uc * v;
+				int sizes[16], i, n = 0;
+				int q = stbi__get8(z->s);
+				int tc = q >> 4;
+				int th = q & 15;
+				if (tc > 1 || th > 3)
+					return stbi__err("bad DHT header", "Corrupt JPEG");
+				for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+					sizes[i] = stbi__get8(z->s);
+					n += sizes[i];
+				}
+				if (n > 256)
+					return stbi__err(
+						"bad DHT header",
+						"Corrupt JPEG"); // Loop over i < n would write past end of values!
+				L -= 17;
+				if (tc == 0) {
+					if (!stbi__build_huffman(z->huff_dc + th, sizes)) return 0;
+					v = z->huff_dc[th].values;
+				} else {
+					if (!stbi__build_huffman(z->huff_ac + th, sizes)) return 0;
+					v = z->huff_ac[th].values;
+				}
+				for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) v[i] = stbi__get8(z->s);
+				if (tc != 0)
+					stbi__build_fast_ac(z->fast_ac[th], z->huff_ac + th);
+				L -= n;
+			}
+			return L == 0;
+	}
+
+	// check for comment block or APP blocks
+	if ((m >= 0xE0 && m <= 0xEF) || m == 0xFE) {
+		L = stbi__get16be(z->s);
+		if (L < 2) {
+			if (m == 0xFE) return stbi__err("bad COM len", "Corrupt JPEG");
+			else return stbi__err("bad APP len", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		}
+		L -= 2;
+
+		if (m == 0xE0 && L >= 5) { // JFIF APP0 segment
+			static const unsigned char tag[5] = {'J', 'F', 'I', 'F', '\0'};
+			int ok = 1;
+			int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+				if (stbi__get8(z->s) != tag[i]) ok = 0;
+			L -= 5;
+			if (ok) z->jfif = 1;
+		} else if (m == 0xEE && L >= 12) { // Adobe APP14 segment
+			static const unsigned char tag[6] = {'A', 'd', 'o', 'b', 'e', '\0'};
+			int ok = 1;
+			int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
+				if (stbi__get8(z->s) != tag[i]) ok = 0;
+			L -= 6;
+			if (ok) {
+				stbi__get8(z->s); // version
+				stbi__get16be(z->s); // flags0
+				stbi__get16be(z->s); // flags1
+				z->app14_color_transform = stbi__get8(z->s); // color transform
+				L -= 6;
+			}
+		}
+
+		stbi__skip(z->s, L);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return stbi__err("unknown marker", "Corrupt JPEG");
+}
+
+// after we see SOS
+static int stbi__process_scan_header(stbi__jpeg * z) {
+	int i;
+	int Ls = stbi__get16be(z->s);
+	z->scan_n = stbi__get8(z->s);
+	if (z->scan_n < 1 || z->scan_n > 4 || z->scan_n > (int) z->s->img_n)
+		return stbi__err("bad SOS component count", "Corrupt JPEG");
+	if (Ls != 6 + 2 * z->scan_n)
+		return stbi__err("bad SOS len", "Corrupt JPEG");
+	for (i = 0; i < z->scan_n; ++i) {
+		int id = stbi__get8(z->s), which;
+		int q = stbi__get8(z->s);
+		for (which = 0; which < z->s->img_n; ++which)
+			if (z->img_comp[which].id == id) break;
+		if (which == z->s->img_n) return 0; // no match
+		z->img_comp[which].hd = q >> 4;
+		if (z->img_comp[which].hd > 3)
+			return stbi__err("bad DC huff", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		z->img_comp[which].ha = q & 15;
+		if (z->img_comp[which].ha > 3)
+			return stbi__err("bad AC huff", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		z->order[i] = which;
+	}
+
+	{
+		int aa;
+		z->spec_start = stbi__get8(z->s);
+		z->spec_end = stbi__get8(z->s); // should be 63, but might be 0
+		aa = stbi__get8(z->s);
+		z->succ_high = (aa >> 4);
+		z->succ_low = (aa & 15);
+		if (z->progressive) {
+			if (z->spec_start > 63 || z->spec_end > 63
+				|| z->spec_start > z->spec_end || z->succ_high > 13
+				|| z->succ_low > 13)
+				return stbi__err("bad SOS", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		} else {
+			if (z->spec_start != 0) return stbi__err("bad SOS", "Corrupt JPEG");
+			if (z->succ_high != 0 || z->succ_low != 0)
+				return stbi__err("bad SOS", "Corrupt JPEG");
+			z->spec_end = 63;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__free_jpeg_components(stbi__jpeg * z, int ncomp, int why) {
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ncomp; ++i) {
+		if (z->img_comp[i].raw_data) {
+			STBI_FREE(z->img_comp[i].raw_data);
+			z->img_comp[i].raw_data = NULL;
+			z->img_comp[i].data = NULL;
+		}
+		if (z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff) {
+			STBI_FREE(z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff);
+			z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff = 0;
+			z->img_comp[i].coeff = 0;
+		}
+		if (z->img_comp[i].linebuf) {
+			STBI_FREE(z->img_comp[i].linebuf);
+			z->img_comp[i].linebuf = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	return why;
+}
+
+static int stbi__process_frame_header(stbi__jpeg * z, int scan) {
+	stbi__context * s = z->s;
+	int Lf, p, i, q, h_max = 1, v_max = 1, c;
+	Lf = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (Lf < 11) return stbi__err("bad SOF len", "Corrupt JPEG"); // JPEG
+	p = stbi__get8(s);
+	if (p != 8)
+		return stbi__err(
+			"only 8-bit",
+			"JPEG format not supported: 8-bit only"); // JPEG baseline
+	s->img_y = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (s->img_y == 0)
+		return stbi__err(
+			"no header height",
+			"JPEG format not supported: delayed height"); // Legal, but we don't handle it--but neither does IJG
+	s->img_x = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (s->img_x == 0)
+		return stbi__err("0 width", "Corrupt JPEG"); // JPEG requires
+	if (s->img_y > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__err("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	if (s->img_x > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__err("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	c = stbi__get8(s);
+	if (c != 3 && c != 1 && c != 4)
+		return stbi__err("bad component count", "Corrupt JPEG");
+	s->img_n = c;
+	for (i = 0; i < c; ++i) {
+		z->img_comp[i].data = NULL;
+		z->img_comp[i].linebuf = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (Lf != 8 + 3 * s->img_n) return stbi__err("bad SOF len", "Corrupt JPEG");
+
+	z->rgb = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < s->img_n; ++i) {
+		static const unsigned char rgb[3] = {'R', 'G', 'B'};
+		z->img_comp[i].id = stbi__get8(s);
+		if (s->img_n == 3 && z->img_comp[i].id == rgb[i]) ++z->rgb;
+		q = stbi__get8(s);
+		z->img_comp[i].h = (q >> 4);
+		if (!z->img_comp[i].h || z->img_comp[i].h > 4)
+			return stbi__err("bad H", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		z->img_comp[i].v = q & 15;
+		if (!z->img_comp[i].v || z->img_comp[i].v > 4)
+			return stbi__err("bad V", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		z->img_comp[i].tq = stbi__get8(s);
+		if (z->img_comp[i].tq > 3) return stbi__err("bad TQ", "Corrupt JPEG");
+	}
+
+	if (scan != STBI__SCAN_load) return 1;
+
+	if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(s->img_x, s->img_y, s->img_n, 0))
+		return stbi__err("too large", "Image too large to decode");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->img_n; ++i) {
+		if (z->img_comp[i].h > h_max) h_max = z->img_comp[i].h;
+		if (z->img_comp[i].v > v_max) v_max = z->img_comp[i].v;
+	}
+
+	// check that plane subsampling factors are integer ratios; our resamplers can't deal with fractional ratios
+	// and I've never seen a non-corrupted JPEG file actually use them
+	for (i = 0; i < s->img_n; ++i) {
+		if (h_max % z->img_comp[i].h != 0)
+			return stbi__err("bad H", "Corrupt JPEG");
+		if (v_max % z->img_comp[i].v != 0)
+			return stbi__err("bad V", "Corrupt JPEG");
+	}
+
+	// compute interleaved mcu info
+	z->img_h_max = h_max;
+	z->img_v_max = v_max;
+	z->img_mcu_w = h_max * 8;
+	z->img_mcu_h = v_max * 8;
+	// these sizes can't be more than 17 bits
+	z->img_mcu_x = (s->img_x + z->img_mcu_w - 1) / z->img_mcu_w;
+	z->img_mcu_y = (s->img_y + z->img_mcu_h - 1) / z->img_mcu_h;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->img_n; ++i) {
+		// number of effective pixels (e.g. for non-interleaved MCU)
+		z->img_comp[i].x = (s->img_x * z->img_comp[i].h + h_max - 1) / h_max;
+		z->img_comp[i].y = (s->img_y * z->img_comp[i].v + v_max - 1) / v_max;
+		// to simplify generation, we'll allocate enough memory to decode
+		// the bogus oversized data from using interleaved MCUs and their
+		// big blocks (e.g. a 16x16 iMCU on an image of width 33); we won't
+		// discard the extra data until colorspace conversion
+		//
+		// img_mcu_x, img_mcu_y: <=17 bits; comp[i].h and .v are <=4 (checked earlier)
+		// so these muls can't overflow with 32-bit ints (which we require)
+		z->img_comp[i].w2 = z->img_mcu_x * z->img_comp[i].h * 8;
+		z->img_comp[i].h2 = z->img_mcu_y * z->img_comp[i].v * 8;
+		z->img_comp[i].coeff = 0;
+		z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff = 0;
+		z->img_comp[i].linebuf = NULL;
+		z->img_comp[i].raw_data
+			= stbi__malloc_mad2(z->img_comp[i].w2, z->img_comp[i].h2, 15);
+		if (z->img_comp[i].raw_data == NULL)
+			return stbi__free_jpeg_components(
+				z, i + 1, stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory"));
+		// align blocks for idct using mmx/sse
+		z->img_comp[i].data
+			= (stbi_uc *) (((size_t) z->img_comp[i].raw_data + 15) & ~15);
+		if (z->progressive) {
+			// w2, h2 are multiples of 8 (see above)
+			z->img_comp[i].coeff_w = z->img_comp[i].w2 / 8;
+			z->img_comp[i].coeff_h = z->img_comp[i].h2 / 8;
+			z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff = stbi__malloc_mad3(
+				z->img_comp[i].w2, z->img_comp[i].h2, sizeof(short), 15);
+			if (z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff == NULL)
+				return stbi__free_jpeg_components(
+					z, i + 1, stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory"));
+			z->img_comp[i].coeff
+				= (short *) (((size_t) z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff + 15) & ~15);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+// use comparisons since in some cases we handle more than one case (e.g. SOF)
+#define stbi__DNL(x) ((x) == 0xdc)
+#define stbi__SOI(x) ((x) == 0xd8)
+#define stbi__EOI(x) ((x) == 0xd9)
+#define stbi__SOF(x) ((x) == 0xc0 || (x) == 0xc1 || (x) == 0xc2)
+#define stbi__SOS(x) ((x) == 0xda)
+
+#define stbi__SOF_progressive(x) ((x) == 0xc2)
+
+static int stbi__decode_jpeg_header(stbi__jpeg * z, int scan) {
+	int m;
+	z->jfif = 0;
+	z->app14_color_transform = -1; // valid values are 0,1,2
+	z->marker = STBI__MARKER_none; // initialize cached marker to empty
+	m = stbi__get_marker(z);
+	if (!stbi__SOI(m)) return stbi__err("no SOI", "Corrupt JPEG");
+	if (scan == STBI__SCAN_type) return 1;
+	m = stbi__get_marker(z);
+	while (!stbi__SOF(m)) {
+		if (!stbi__process_marker(z, m)) return 0;
+		m = stbi__get_marker(z);
+		while (m == STBI__MARKER_none) {
+			// some files have extra padding after their blocks, so ok, we'll scan
+			if (stbi__at_eof(z->s)) return stbi__err("no SOF", "Corrupt JPEG");
+			m = stbi__get_marker(z);
+		}
+	}
+	z->progressive = stbi__SOF_progressive(m);
+	if (!stbi__process_frame_header(z, scan)) return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static stbi_uc stbi__skip_jpeg_junk_at_end(stbi__jpeg * j) {
+	// some JPEGs have junk at end, skip over it but if we find what looks
+	// like a valid marker, resume there
+	while (!stbi__at_eof(j->s)) {
+		stbi_uc x = stbi__get8(j->s);
+		while (x == 0xff) { // might be a marker
+			if (stbi__at_eof(j->s)) return STBI__MARKER_none;
+			x = stbi__get8(j->s);
+			if (x != 0x00 && x != 0xff) {
+				// not a stuffed zero or lead-in to another marker, looks
+				// like an actual marker, return it
+				return x;
+			}
+			// stuffed zero has x=0 now which ends the loop, meaning we go
+			// back to regular scan loop.
+			// repeated 0xff keeps trying to read the next byte of the marker.
+		}
+	}
+	return STBI__MARKER_none;
+}
+
+// decode image to YCbCr format
+static int stbi__decode_jpeg_image(stbi__jpeg * j) {
+	int m;
+	for (m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
+		j->img_comp[m].raw_data = NULL;
+		j->img_comp[m].raw_coeff = NULL;
+	}
+	j->restart_interval = 0;
+	if (!stbi__decode_jpeg_header(j, STBI__SCAN_load)) return 0;
+	m = stbi__get_marker(j);
+	while (!stbi__EOI(m)) {
+		if (stbi__SOS(m)) {
+			if (!stbi__process_scan_header(j)) return 0;
+			if (!stbi__parse_entropy_coded_data(j)) return 0;
+			if (j->marker == STBI__MARKER_none) {
+				j->marker = stbi__skip_jpeg_junk_at_end(j);
+				// if we reach eof without hitting a marker, stbi__get_marker() below will fail and we'll eventually return 0
+			}
+			m = stbi__get_marker(j);
+			if (STBI__RESTART(m)) m = stbi__get_marker(j);
+		} else if (stbi__DNL(m)) {
+			int Ld = stbi__get16be(j->s);
+			stbi__uint32 NL = stbi__get16be(j->s);
+			if (Ld != 4) return stbi__err("bad DNL len", "Corrupt JPEG");
+			if (NL != j->s->img_y)
+				return stbi__err("bad DNL height", "Corrupt JPEG");
+			m = stbi__get_marker(j);
+		} else {
+			if (!stbi__process_marker(j, m)) return 1;
+			m = stbi__get_marker(j);
+		}
+	}
+	if (j->progressive) stbi__jpeg_finish(j);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+// static jfif-centered resampling (across block boundaries)
+
+typedef stbi_uc * (*resample_row_func)(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc * in0,
+									   stbi_uc * in1, int w, int hs);
+
+#define stbi__div4(x) ((stbi_uc) ((x) >> 2))
+
+static stbi_uc * resample_row_1(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc * in_near,
+								stbi_uc * in_far, int w, int hs) {
+	STBI_NOTUSED(out);
+	STBI_NOTUSED(in_far);
+	STBI_NOTUSED(w);
+	STBI_NOTUSED(hs);
+	return in_near;
+}
+
+static stbi_uc * stbi__resample_row_v_2(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc * in_near,
+										stbi_uc * in_far, int w, int hs) {
+	// need to generate two samples vertically for every one in input
+	int i;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(hs);
+	for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) out[i] = stbi__div4(3 * in_near[i] + in_far[i] + 2);
+	return out;
+}
+
+static stbi_uc * stbi__resample_row_h_2(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc * in_near,
+										stbi_uc * in_far, int w, int hs) {
+	// need to generate two samples horizontally for every one in input
+	int i;
+	stbi_uc * input = in_near;
+
+	if (w == 1) {
+		// if only one sample, can't do any interpolation
+		out[0] = out[1] = input[0];
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	out[0] = input[0];
+	out[1] = stbi__div4(input[0] * 3 + input[1] + 2);
+	for (i = 1; i < w - 1; ++i) {
+		int n = 3 * input[i] + 2;
+		out[i * 2 + 0] = stbi__div4(n + input[i - 1]);
+		out[i * 2 + 1] = stbi__div4(n + input[i + 1]);
+	}
+	out[i * 2 + 0] = stbi__div4(input[w - 2] * 3 + input[w - 1] + 2);
+	out[i * 2 + 1] = input[w - 1];
+
+	STBI_NOTUSED(in_far);
+	STBI_NOTUSED(hs);
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+#define stbi__div16(x) ((stbi_uc) ((x) >> 4))
+
+static stbi_uc * stbi__resample_row_hv_2(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc * in_near,
+										 stbi_uc * in_far, int w, int hs) {
+	// need to generate 2x2 samples for every one in input
+	int i, t0, t1;
+	if (w == 1) {
+		out[0] = out[1] = stbi__div4(3 * in_near[0] + in_far[0] + 2);
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	t1 = 3 * in_near[0] + in_far[0];
+	out[0] = stbi__div4(t1 + 2);
+	for (i = 1; i < w; ++i) {
+		t0 = t1;
+		t1 = 3 * in_near[i] + in_far[i];
+		out[i * 2 - 1] = stbi__div16(3 * t0 + t1 + 8);
+		out[i * 2] = stbi__div16(3 * t1 + t0 + 8);
+	}
+	out[w * 2 - 1] = stbi__div4(t1 + 2);
+
+	STBI_NOTUSED(hs);
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+#if defined(STBI_SSE2) || defined(STBI_NEON)
+static stbi_uc * stbi__resample_row_hv_2_simd(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc * in_near,
+											  stbi_uc * in_far, int w, int hs) {
+	// need to generate 2x2 samples for every one in input
+	int i = 0, t0, t1;
+
+	if (w == 1) {
+		out[0] = out[1] = stbi__div4(3 * in_near[0] + in_far[0] + 2);
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	t1 = 3 * in_near[0] + in_far[0];
+	// process groups of 8 pixels for as long as we can.
+	// note we can't handle the last pixel in a row in this loop
+	// because we need to handle the filter boundary conditions.
+	for (; i < ((w - 1) & ~7); i += 8) {
+#if defined(STBI_SSE2)
+		// load and perform the vertical filtering pass
+		// this uses 3*x + y = 4*x + (y - x)
+		__m128i zero = _mm_setzero_si128();
+		__m128i farb = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (in_far + i));
+		__m128i nearb = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (in_near + i));
+		__m128i farw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(farb, zero);
+		__m128i nearw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(nearb, zero);
+		__m128i diff = _mm_sub_epi16(farw, nearw);
+		__m128i nears = _mm_slli_epi16(nearw, 2);
+		__m128i curr = _mm_add_epi16(nears, diff); // current row
+
+		// horizontal filter works the same based on shifted vers of current
+		// row. "prev" is current row shifted right by 1 pixel; we need to
+		// insert the previous pixel value (from t1).
+		// "next" is current row shifted left by 1 pixel, with first pixel
+		// of next block of 8 pixels added in.
+		__m128i prv0 = _mm_slli_si128(curr, 2);
+		__m128i nxt0 = _mm_srli_si128(curr, 2);
+		__m128i prev = _mm_insert_epi16(prv0, t1, 0);
+		__m128i next
+			= _mm_insert_epi16(nxt0, 3 * in_near[i + 8] + in_far[i + 8], 7);
+
+		// horizontal filter, polyphase implementation since it's convenient:
+		// even pixels = 3*cur + prev = cur*4 + (prev - cur)
+		// odd  pixels = 3*cur + next = cur*4 + (next - cur)
+		// note the shared term.
+		__m128i bias = _mm_set1_epi16(8);
+		__m128i curs = _mm_slli_epi16(curr, 2);
+		__m128i prvd = _mm_sub_epi16(prev, curr);
+		__m128i nxtd = _mm_sub_epi16(next, curr);
+		__m128i curb = _mm_add_epi16(curs, bias);
+		__m128i even = _mm_add_epi16(prvd, curb);
+		__m128i odd = _mm_add_epi16(nxtd, curb);
+
+		// interleave even and odd pixels, then undo scaling.
+		__m128i int0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(even, odd);
+		__m128i int1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(even, odd);
+		__m128i de0 = _mm_srli_epi16(int0, 4);
+		__m128i de1 = _mm_srli_epi16(int1, 4);
+
+		// pack and write output
+		__m128i outv = _mm_packus_epi16(de0, de1);
+		_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *) (out + i * 2), outv);
+#elif defined(STBI_NEON)
+		// load and perform the vertical filtering pass
+		// this uses 3*x + y = 4*x + (y - x)
+		uint8x8_t farb = vld1_u8(in_far + i);
+		uint8x8_t nearb = vld1_u8(in_near + i);
+		int16x8_t diff = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vsubl_u8(farb, nearb));
+		int16x8_t nears = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vshll_n_u8(nearb, 2));
+		int16x8_t curr = vaddq_s16(nears, diff); // current row
+
+		// horizontal filter works the same based on shifted vers of current
+		// row. "prev" is current row shifted right by 1 pixel; we need to
+		// insert the previous pixel value (from t1).
+		// "next" is current row shifted left by 1 pixel, with first pixel
+		// of next block of 8 pixels added in.
+		int16x8_t prv0 = vextq_s16(curr, curr, 7);
+		int16x8_t nxt0 = vextq_s16(curr, curr, 1);
+		int16x8_t prev = vsetq_lane_s16(t1, prv0, 0);
+		int16x8_t next
+			= vsetq_lane_s16(3 * in_near[i + 8] + in_far[i + 8], nxt0, 7);
+
+		// horizontal filter, polyphase implementation since it's convenient:
+		// even pixels = 3*cur + prev = cur*4 + (prev - cur)
+		// odd  pixels = 3*cur + next = cur*4 + (next - cur)
+		// note the shared term.
+		int16x8_t curs = vshlq_n_s16(curr, 2);
+		int16x8_t prvd = vsubq_s16(prev, curr);
+		int16x8_t nxtd = vsubq_s16(next, curr);
+		int16x8_t even = vaddq_s16(curs, prvd);
+		int16x8_t odd = vaddq_s16(curs, nxtd);
+
+		// undo scaling and round, then store with even/odd phases interleaved
+		uint8x8x2_t o;
+		o.val[0] = vqrshrun_n_s16(even, 4);
+		o.val[1] = vqrshrun_n_s16(odd, 4);
+		vst2_u8(out + i * 2, o);
+#endif
+
+		// "previous" value for next iter
+		t1 = 3 * in_near[i + 7] + in_far[i + 7];
+	}
+
+	t0 = t1;
+	t1 = 3 * in_near[i] + in_far[i];
+	out[i * 2] = stbi__div16(3 * t1 + t0 + 8);
+
+	for (++i; i < w; ++i) {
+		t0 = t1;
+		t1 = 3 * in_near[i] + in_far[i];
+		out[i * 2 - 1] = stbi__div16(3 * t0 + t1 + 8);
+		out[i * 2] = stbi__div16(3 * t1 + t0 + 8);
+	}
+	out[w * 2 - 1] = stbi__div4(t1 + 2);
+
+	STBI_NOTUSED(hs);
+
+	return out;
+}
+#endif
+
+static stbi_uc * stbi__resample_row_generic(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc * in_near,
+											stbi_uc * in_far, int w, int hs) {
+	// resample with nearest-neighbor
+	int i, j;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(in_far);
+	for (i = 0; i < w; ++i)
+		for (j = 0; j < hs; ++j) out[i * hs + j] = in_near[i];
+	return out;
+}
+
+// this is a reduced-precision calculation of YCbCr-to-RGB introduced
+// to make sure the code produces the same results in both SIMD and scalar
+#define stbi__float2fixed(x) (((int) ((x) * 4096.0f + 0.5f)) << 8)
+static void stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_row(stbi_uc * out, const stbi_uc * y,
+								   const stbi_uc * pcb, const stbi_uc * pcr,
+								   int count, int step) {
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+		int y_fixed = (y[i] << 20) + (1 << 19); // rounding
+		int r, g, b;
+		int cr = pcr[i] - 128;
+		int cb = pcb[i] - 128;
+		r = y_fixed + cr * stbi__float2fixed(1.40200f);
+		g = y_fixed + (cr * -stbi__float2fixed(0.71414f))
+			+ ((cb * -stbi__float2fixed(0.34414f)) & 0xffff0000);
+		b = y_fixed + cb * stbi__float2fixed(1.77200f);
+		r >>= 20;
+		g >>= 20;
+		b >>= 20;
+		if ((unsigned) r > 255) {
+			if (r < 0) r = 0;
+			else r = 255;
+		}
+		if ((unsigned) g > 255) {
+			if (g < 0) g = 0;
+			else g = 255;
+		}
+		if ((unsigned) b > 255) {
+			if (b < 0) b = 0;
+			else b = 255;
+		}
+		out[0] = (stbi_uc) r;
+		out[1] = (stbi_uc) g;
+		out[2] = (stbi_uc) b;
+		out[3] = 255;
+		out += step;
+	}
+}
+
+#if defined(STBI_SSE2) || defined(STBI_NEON)
+static void stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_simd(stbi_uc * out, stbi_uc const * y,
+									stbi_uc const * pcb, stbi_uc const * pcr,
+									int count, int step) {
+	int i = 0;
+
+#ifdef STBI_SSE2
+	// step == 3 is pretty ugly on the final interleave, and i'm not convinced
+	// it's useful in practice (you wouldn't use it for textures, for example).
+	// so just accelerate step == 4 case.
+	if (step == 4) {
+		// this is a fairly straightforward implementation and not super-optimized.
+		__m128i signflip = _mm_set1_epi8(-0x80);
+		__m128i cr_const0 = _mm_set1_epi16((short) (1.40200f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
+		__m128i cr_const1
+			= _mm_set1_epi16(-(short) (0.71414f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
+		__m128i cb_const0
+			= _mm_set1_epi16(-(short) (0.34414f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
+		__m128i cb_const1 = _mm_set1_epi16((short) (1.77200f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
+		__m128i y_bias = _mm_set1_epi8((char) (unsigned char) 128);
+		__m128i xw = _mm_set1_epi16(255); // alpha channel
+
+		for (; i + 7 < count; i += 8) {
+			// load
+			__m128i y_bytes = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (y + i));
+			__m128i cr_bytes = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (pcr + i));
+			__m128i cb_bytes = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (pcb + i));
+			__m128i cr_biased = _mm_xor_si128(cr_bytes, signflip); // -128
+			__m128i cb_biased = _mm_xor_si128(cb_bytes, signflip); // -128
+
+			// unpack to short (and left-shift cr, cb by 8)
+			__m128i yw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(y_bias, y_bytes);
+			__m128i crw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), cr_biased);
+			__m128i cbw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), cb_biased);
+
+			// color transform
+			__m128i yws = _mm_srli_epi16(yw, 4);
+			__m128i cr0 = _mm_mulhi_epi16(cr_const0, crw);
+			__m128i cb0 = _mm_mulhi_epi16(cb_const0, cbw);
+			__m128i cb1 = _mm_mulhi_epi16(cbw, cb_const1);
+			__m128i cr1 = _mm_mulhi_epi16(crw, cr_const1);
+			__m128i rws = _mm_add_epi16(cr0, yws);
+			__m128i gwt = _mm_add_epi16(cb0, yws);
+			__m128i bws = _mm_add_epi16(yws, cb1);
+			__m128i gws = _mm_add_epi16(gwt, cr1);
+
+			// descale
+			__m128i rw = _mm_srai_epi16(rws, 4);
+			__m128i bw = _mm_srai_epi16(bws, 4);
+			__m128i gw = _mm_srai_epi16(gws, 4);
+
+			// back to byte, set up for transpose
+			__m128i brb = _mm_packus_epi16(rw, bw);
+			__m128i gxb = _mm_packus_epi16(gw, xw);
+
+			// transpose to interleave channels
+			__m128i t0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(brb, gxb);
+			__m128i t1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi8(brb, gxb);
+			__m128i o0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(t0, t1);
+			__m128i o1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(t0, t1);
+
+			// store
+			_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *) (out + 0), o0);
+			_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *) (out + 16), o1);
+			out += 32;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef STBI_NEON
+	// in this version, step=3 support would be easy to add. but is there demand?
+	if (step == 4) {
+		// this is a fairly straightforward implementation and not super-optimized.
+		uint8x8_t signflip = vdup_n_u8(0x80);
+		int16x8_t cr_const0 = vdupq_n_s16((short) (1.40200f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
+		int16x8_t cr_const1 = vdupq_n_s16(-(short) (0.71414f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
+		int16x8_t cb_const0 = vdupq_n_s16(-(short) (0.34414f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
+		int16x8_t cb_const1 = vdupq_n_s16((short) (1.77200f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
+
+		for (; i + 7 < count; i += 8) {
+			// load
+			uint8x8_t y_bytes = vld1_u8(y + i);
+			uint8x8_t cr_bytes = vld1_u8(pcr + i);
+			uint8x8_t cb_bytes = vld1_u8(pcb + i);
+			int8x8_t cr_biased
+				= vreinterpret_s8_u8(vsub_u8(cr_bytes, signflip));
+			int8x8_t cb_biased
+				= vreinterpret_s8_u8(vsub_u8(cb_bytes, signflip));
+
+			// expand to s16
+			int16x8_t yws = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vshll_n_u8(y_bytes, 4));
+			int16x8_t crw = vshll_n_s8(cr_biased, 7);
+			int16x8_t cbw = vshll_n_s8(cb_biased, 7);
+
+			// color transform
+			int16x8_t cr0 = vqdmulhq_s16(crw, cr_const0);
+			int16x8_t cb0 = vqdmulhq_s16(cbw, cb_const0);
+			int16x8_t cr1 = vqdmulhq_s16(crw, cr_const1);
+			int16x8_t cb1 = vqdmulhq_s16(cbw, cb_const1);
+			int16x8_t rws = vaddq_s16(yws, cr0);
+			int16x8_t gws = vaddq_s16(vaddq_s16(yws, cb0), cr1);
+			int16x8_t bws = vaddq_s16(yws, cb1);
+
+			// undo scaling, round, convert to byte
+			uint8x8x4_t o;
+			o.val[0] = vqrshrun_n_s16(rws, 4);
+			o.val[1] = vqrshrun_n_s16(gws, 4);
+			o.val[2] = vqrshrun_n_s16(bws, 4);
+			o.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(255);
+
+			// store, interleaving r/g/b/a
+			vst4_u8(out, o);
+			out += 8 * 4;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	for (; i < count; ++i) {
+		int y_fixed = (y[i] << 20) + (1 << 19); // rounding
+		int r, g, b;
+		int cr = pcr[i] - 128;
+		int cb = pcb[i] - 128;
+		r = y_fixed + cr * stbi__float2fixed(1.40200f);
+		g = y_fixed + cr * -stbi__float2fixed(0.71414f)
+			+ ((cb * -stbi__float2fixed(0.34414f)) & 0xffff0000);
+		b = y_fixed + cb * stbi__float2fixed(1.77200f);
+		r >>= 20;
+		g >>= 20;
+		b >>= 20;
+		if ((unsigned) r > 255) {
+			if (r < 0) r = 0;
+			else r = 255;
+		}
+		if ((unsigned) g > 255) {
+			if (g < 0) g = 0;
+			else g = 255;
+		}
+		if ((unsigned) b > 255) {
+			if (b < 0) b = 0;
+			else b = 255;
+		}
+		out[0] = (stbi_uc) r;
+		out[1] = (stbi_uc) g;
+		out[2] = (stbi_uc) b;
+		out[3] = 255;
+		out += step;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+// set up the kernels
+static void stbi__setup_jpeg(stbi__jpeg * j) {
+	j->idct_block_kernel = stbi__idct_block;
+	j->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel = stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_row;
+	j->resample_row_hv_2_kernel = stbi__resample_row_hv_2;
+
+#ifdef STBI_SSE2
+	if (stbi__sse2_available()) {
+		j->idct_block_kernel = stbi__idct_simd;
+		j->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel = stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_simd;
+		j->resample_row_hv_2_kernel = stbi__resample_row_hv_2_simd;
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef STBI_NEON
+	j->idct_block_kernel = stbi__idct_simd;
+	j->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel = stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_simd;
+	j->resample_row_hv_2_kernel = stbi__resample_row_hv_2_simd;
+#endif
+}
+
+// clean up the temporary component buffers
+static void stbi__cleanup_jpeg(stbi__jpeg * j) {
+	stbi__free_jpeg_components(j, j->s->img_n, 0);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+	resample_row_func resample;
+	stbi_uc *line0, *line1;
+	int hs, vs; // expansion factor in each axis
+	int w_lores; // horizontal pixels pre-expansion
+	int ystep; // how far through vertical expansion we are
+	int ypos; // which pre-expansion row we're on
+} stbi__resample;
+
+// fast 0..255 * 0..255 => 0..255 rounded multiplication
+static stbi_uc stbi__blinn_8x8(stbi_uc x, stbi_uc y) {
+	unsigned int t = x * y + 128;
+	return (stbi_uc) ((t + (t >> 8)) >> 8);
+}
+
+static stbi_uc * load_jpeg_image(stbi__jpeg * z, int * out_x, int * out_y,
+								 int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	int n, decode_n, is_rgb;
+	z->s->img_n = 0; // make stbi__cleanup_jpeg safe
+
+	// validate req_comp
+	if (req_comp < 0 || req_comp > 4)
+		return stbi__errpuc("bad req_comp", "Internal error");
+
+	// load a jpeg image from whichever source, but leave in YCbCr format
+	if (!stbi__decode_jpeg_image(z)) {
+		stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	// determine actual number of components to generate
+	n = req_comp ? req_comp : z->s->img_n >= 3 ? 3 : 1;
+
+	is_rgb = z->s->img_n == 3
+			 && (z->rgb == 3 || (z->app14_color_transform == 0 && !z->jfif));
+
+	if (z->s->img_n == 3 && n < 3 && !is_rgb) decode_n = 1;
+	else decode_n = z->s->img_n;
+
+	// nothing to do if no components requested; check this now to avoid
+	// accessing uninitialized coutput[0] later
+	if (decode_n <= 0) {
+		stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	// resample and color-convert
+	{
+		int k;
+		unsigned int i, j;
+		stbi_uc * output;
+		stbi_uc * coutput[4] = {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL};
+
+		stbi__resample res_comp[4];
+
+		for (k = 0; k < decode_n; ++k) {
+			stbi__resample * r = &res_comp[k];
+
+			// allocate line buffer big enough for upsampling off the edges
+			// with upsample factor of 4
+			z->img_comp[k].linebuf = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc(z->s->img_x + 3);
+			if (!z->img_comp[k].linebuf) {
+				stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
+				return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+			}
+
+			r->hs = z->img_h_max / z->img_comp[k].h;
+			r->vs = z->img_v_max / z->img_comp[k].v;
+			r->ystep = r->vs >> 1;
+			r->w_lores = (z->s->img_x + r->hs - 1) / r->hs;
+			r->ypos = 0;
+			r->line0 = r->line1 = z->img_comp[k].data;
+
+			if (r->hs == 1 && r->vs == 1) r->resample = resample_row_1;
+			else if (r->hs == 1 && r->vs == 2)
+				r->resample = stbi__resample_row_v_2;
+			else if (r->hs == 2 && r->vs == 1)
+				r->resample = stbi__resample_row_h_2;
+			else if (r->hs == 2 && r->vs == 2)
+				r->resample = z->resample_row_hv_2_kernel;
+			else r->resample = stbi__resample_row_generic;
+		}
+
+		// can't error after this so, this is safe
+		output = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad3(n, z->s->img_x, z->s->img_y, 1);
+		if (!output) {
+			stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
+			return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+		}
+
+		// now go ahead and resample
+		for (j = 0; j < z->s->img_y; ++j) {
+			stbi_uc * out = output + n * z->s->img_x * j;
+			for (k = 0; k < decode_n; ++k) {
+				stbi__resample * r = &res_comp[k];
+				int y_bot = r->ystep >= (r->vs >> 1);
+				coutput[k] = r->resample(
+					z->img_comp[k].linebuf, y_bot ? r->line1 : r->line0,
+					y_bot ? r->line0 : r->line1, r->w_lores, r->hs);
+				if (++r->ystep >= r->vs) {
+					r->ystep = 0;
+					r->line0 = r->line1;
+					if (++r->ypos < z->img_comp[k].y)
+						r->line1 += z->img_comp[k].w2;
+				}
+			}
+			if (n >= 3) {
+				stbi_uc * y = coutput[0];
+				if (z->s->img_n == 3) {
+					if (is_rgb) {
+						for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
+							out[0] = y[i];
+							out[1] = coutput[1][i];
+							out[2] = coutput[2][i];
+							out[3] = 255;
+							out += n;
+						}
+					} else {
+						z->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel(out, y, coutput[1], coutput[2],
+											   z->s->img_x, n);
+					}
+				} else if (z->s->img_n == 4) {
+					if (z->app14_color_transform == 0) { // CMYK
+						for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
+							stbi_uc m = coutput[3][i];
+							out[0] = stbi__blinn_8x8(coutput[0][i], m);
+							out[1] = stbi__blinn_8x8(coutput[1][i], m);
+							out[2] = stbi__blinn_8x8(coutput[2][i], m);
+							out[3] = 255;
+							out += n;
+						}
+					} else if (z->app14_color_transform == 2) { // YCCK
+						z->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel(out, y, coutput[1], coutput[2],
+											   z->s->img_x, n);
+						for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
+							stbi_uc m = coutput[3][i];
+							out[0] = stbi__blinn_8x8(255 - out[0], m);
+							out[1] = stbi__blinn_8x8(255 - out[1], m);
+							out[2] = stbi__blinn_8x8(255 - out[2], m);
+							out += n;
+						}
+					} else { // YCbCr + alpha?  Ignore the fourth channel for now
+						z->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel(out, y, coutput[1], coutput[2],
+											   z->s->img_x, n);
+					}
+				} else
+					for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
+						out[0] = out[1] = out[2] = y[i];
+						out[3] = 255; // not used if n==3
+						out += n;
+					}
+			} else {
+				if (is_rgb) {
+					if (n == 1)
+						for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i)
+							*out++ = stbi__compute_y(
+								coutput[0][i], coutput[1][i], coutput[2][i]);
+					else {
+						for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i, out += 2) {
+							out[0] = stbi__compute_y(
+								coutput[0][i], coutput[1][i], coutput[2][i]);
+							out[1] = 255;
+						}
+					}
+				} else if (z->s->img_n == 4 && z->app14_color_transform == 0) {
+					for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
+						stbi_uc m = coutput[3][i];
+						stbi_uc r = stbi__blinn_8x8(coutput[0][i], m);
+						stbi_uc g = stbi__blinn_8x8(coutput[1][i], m);
+						stbi_uc b = stbi__blinn_8x8(coutput[2][i], m);
+						out[0] = stbi__compute_y(r, g, b);
+						out[1] = 255;
+						out += n;
+					}
+				} else if (z->s->img_n == 4 && z->app14_color_transform == 2) {
+					for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
+						out[0] = stbi__blinn_8x8(255 - coutput[0][i],
+												 coutput[3][i]);
+						out[1] = 255;
+						out += n;
+					}
+				} else {
+					stbi_uc * y = coutput[0];
+					if (n == 1)
+						for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) out[i] = y[i];
+					else
+						for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
+							*out++ = y[i];
+							*out++ = 255;
+						}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
+		*out_x = z->s->img_x;
+		*out_y = z->s->img_y;
+		if (comp)
+			*comp = z->s->img_n >= 3
+						? 3
+						: 1; // report original components, not output
+		return output;
+	}
+}
+
+static void * stbi__jpeg_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							  int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	unsigned char * result;
+	stbi__jpeg * j = (stbi__jpeg *) stbi__malloc(sizeof(stbi__jpeg));
+	if (!j) return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	memset(j, 0, sizeof(stbi__jpeg));
+	STBI_NOTUSED(ri);
+	j->s = s;
+	stbi__setup_jpeg(j);
+	result = load_jpeg_image(j, x, y, comp, req_comp);
+	STBI_FREE(j);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int stbi__jpeg_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	int r;
+	stbi__jpeg * j = (stbi__jpeg *) stbi__malloc(sizeof(stbi__jpeg));
+	if (!j) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	memset(j, 0, sizeof(stbi__jpeg));
+	j->s = s;
+	stbi__setup_jpeg(j);
+	r = stbi__decode_jpeg_header(j, STBI__SCAN_type);
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	STBI_FREE(j);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int stbi__jpeg_info_raw(stbi__jpeg * j, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	if (!stbi__decode_jpeg_header(j, STBI__SCAN_header)) {
+		stbi__rewind(j->s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (x) *x = j->s->img_x;
+	if (y) *y = j->s->img_y;
+	if (comp) *comp = j->s->img_n >= 3 ? 3 : 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__jpeg_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	int result;
+	stbi__jpeg * j = (stbi__jpeg *) (stbi__malloc(sizeof(stbi__jpeg)));
+	if (!j) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	memset(j, 0, sizeof(stbi__jpeg));
+	j->s = s;
+	result = stbi__jpeg_info_raw(j, x, y, comp);
+	STBI_FREE(j);
+	return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+// public domain zlib decode    v0.2  Sean Barrett 2006-11-18
+//    simple implementation
+//      - all input must be provided in an upfront buffer
+//      - all output is written to a single output buffer (can malloc/realloc)
+//    performance
+//      - fast huffman
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_ZLIB
+
+// fast-way is faster to check than jpeg huffman, but slow way is slower
+#define STBI__ZFAST_BITS 9 // accelerate all cases in default tables
+#define STBI__ZFAST_MASK ((1 << STBI__ZFAST_BITS) - 1)
+#define STBI__ZNSYMS 288 // number of symbols in literal/length alphabet
+
+// zlib-style huffman encoding
+// (jpegs packs from left, zlib from right, so can't share code)
+typedef struct {
+	stbi__uint16 fast[1 << STBI__ZFAST_BITS];
+	stbi__uint16 firstcode[16];
+	int maxcode[17];
+	stbi__uint16 firstsymbol[16];
+	stbi_uc size[STBI__ZNSYMS];
+	stbi__uint16 value[STBI__ZNSYMS];
+} stbi__zhuffman;
+
+stbi_inline static int stbi__bitreverse16(int n) {
+	n = ((n & 0xAAAA) >> 1) | ((n & 0x5555) << 1);
+	n = ((n & 0xCCCC) >> 2) | ((n & 0x3333) << 2);
+	n = ((n & 0xF0F0) >> 4) | ((n & 0x0F0F) << 4);
+	n = ((n & 0xFF00) >> 8) | ((n & 0x00FF) << 8);
+	return n;
+}
+
+stbi_inline static int stbi__bit_reverse(int v, int bits) {
+	STBI_ASSERT(bits <= 16);
+	// to bit reverse n bits, reverse 16 and shift
+	// e.g. 11 bits, bit reverse and shift away 5
+	return stbi__bitreverse16(v) >> (16 - bits);
+}
+
+static int stbi__zbuild_huffman(stbi__zhuffman * z, const stbi_uc * sizelist,
+								int num) {
+	int i, k = 0;
+	int code, next_code[16], sizes[17];
+
+	// DEFLATE spec for generating codes
+	memset(sizes, 0, sizeof(sizes));
+	memset(z->fast, 0, sizeof(z->fast));
+	for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) ++sizes[sizelist[i]];
+	sizes[0] = 0;
+	for (i = 1; i < 16; ++i)
+		if (sizes[i] > (1 << i)) return stbi__err("bad sizes", "Corrupt PNG");
+	code = 0;
+	for (i = 1; i < 16; ++i) {
+		next_code[i] = code;
+		z->firstcode[i] = (stbi__uint16) code;
+		z->firstsymbol[i] = (stbi__uint16) k;
+		code = (code + sizes[i]);
+		if (sizes[i])
+			if (code - 1 >= (1 << i))
+				return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
+		z->maxcode[i] = code << (16 - i); // preshift for inner loop
+		code <<= 1;
+		k += sizes[i];
+	}
+	z->maxcode[16] = 0x10000; // sentinel
+	for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+		int s = sizelist[i];
+		if (s) {
+			int c = next_code[s] - z->firstcode[s] + z->firstsymbol[s];
+			stbi__uint16 fastv = (stbi__uint16) ((s << 9) | i);
+			z->size[c] = (stbi_uc) s;
+			z->value[c] = (stbi__uint16) i;
+			if (s <= STBI__ZFAST_BITS) {
+				int j = stbi__bit_reverse(next_code[s], s);
+				while (j < (1 << STBI__ZFAST_BITS)) {
+					z->fast[j] = fastv;
+					j += (1 << s);
+				}
+			}
+			++next_code[s];
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+// zlib-from-memory implementation for PNG reading
+//    because PNG allows splitting the zlib stream arbitrarily,
+//    and it's annoying structurally to have PNG call ZLIB call PNG,
+//    we require PNG read all the IDATs and combine them into a single
+//    memory buffer
+
+typedef struct {
+	stbi_uc *zbuffer, *zbuffer_end;
+	int num_bits;
+	int hit_zeof_once;
+	stbi__uint32 code_buffer;
+
+	char * zout;
+	char * zout_start;
+	char * zout_end;
+	int z_expandable;
+
+	stbi__zhuffman z_length, z_distance;
+} stbi__zbuf;
+
+stbi_inline static int stbi__zeof(stbi__zbuf * z) {
+	return (z->zbuffer >= z->zbuffer_end);
+}
+
+stbi_inline static stbi_uc stbi__zget8(stbi__zbuf * z) {
+	return stbi__zeof(z) ? 0 : *z->zbuffer++;
+}
+
+static void stbi__fill_bits(stbi__zbuf * z) {
+	do {
+		if (z->code_buffer >= (1U << z->num_bits)) {
+			z->zbuffer = z->zbuffer_end; /* treat this as EOF so we fail. */
+			return;
+		}
+		z->code_buffer |= (unsigned int) stbi__zget8(z) << z->num_bits;
+		z->num_bits += 8;
+	} while (z->num_bits <= 24);
+}
+
+stbi_inline static unsigned int stbi__zreceive(stbi__zbuf * z, int n) {
+	unsigned int k;
+	if (z->num_bits < n) stbi__fill_bits(z);
+	k = z->code_buffer & ((1 << n) - 1);
+	z->code_buffer >>= n;
+	z->num_bits -= n;
+	return k;
+}
+
+static int stbi__zhuffman_decode_slowpath(stbi__zbuf * a, stbi__zhuffman * z) {
+	int b, s, k;
+	// not resolved by fast table, so compute it the slow way
+	// use jpeg approach, which requires MSbits at top
+	k = stbi__bit_reverse(a->code_buffer, 16);
+	for (s = STBI__ZFAST_BITS + 1;; ++s)
+		if (k < z->maxcode[s]) break;
+	if (s >= 16) return -1; // invalid code!
+	// code size is s, so:
+	b = (k >> (16 - s)) - z->firstcode[s] + z->firstsymbol[s];
+	if (b >= STBI__ZNSYMS) return -1; // some data was corrupt somewhere!
+	if (z->size[b] != s)
+		return -1; // was originally an assert, but report failure instead.
+	a->code_buffer >>= s;
+	a->num_bits -= s;
+	return z->value[b];
+}
+
+stbi_inline static int stbi__zhuffman_decode(stbi__zbuf * a,
+											 stbi__zhuffman * z) {
+	int b, s;
+	if (a->num_bits < 16) {
+		if (stbi__zeof(a)) {
+			if (!a->hit_zeof_once) {
+				// This is the first time we hit eof, insert 16 extra padding btis
+				// to allow us to keep going; if we actually consume any of them
+				// though, that is invalid data. This is caught later.
+				a->hit_zeof_once = 1;
+				a->num_bits += 16; // add 16 implicit zero bits
+			} else {
+				// We already inserted our extra 16 padding bits and are again
+				// out, this stream is actually prematurely terminated.
+				return -1;
+			}
+		} else {
+			stbi__fill_bits(a);
+		}
+	}
+	b = z->fast[a->code_buffer & STBI__ZFAST_MASK];
+	if (b) {
+		s = b >> 9;
+		a->code_buffer >>= s;
+		a->num_bits -= s;
+		return b & 511;
+	}
+	return stbi__zhuffman_decode_slowpath(a, z);
+}
+
+static int stbi__zexpand(stbi__zbuf * z, char * zout,
+						 int n) // need to make room for n bytes
+{
+	char * q;
+	unsigned int cur, limit, old_limit;
+	z->zout = zout;
+	if (!z->z_expandable)
+		return stbi__err("output buffer limit", "Corrupt PNG");
+	cur = (unsigned int) (z->zout - z->zout_start);
+	limit = old_limit = (unsigned) (z->zout_end - z->zout_start);
+	if (UINT_MAX - cur < (unsigned) n)
+		return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	while (cur + n > limit) {
+		if (limit > UINT_MAX / 2) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+		limit *= 2;
+	}
+	q = (char *) STBI_REALLOC_SIZED(z->zout_start, old_limit, limit);
+	STBI_NOTUSED(old_limit);
+	if (q == NULL) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	z->zout_start = q;
+	z->zout = q + cur;
+	z->zout_end = q + limit;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static const int stbi__zlength_base[31]
+	= {3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,	11,	 13,  15,  17,	19,	 23, 27, 31,
+	   35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 83, 99, 115, 131, 163, 195, 227, 258, 0,	 0};
+
+static const int stbi__zlength_extra[31]
+	= {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+	   3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 0, 0, 0};
+
+static const int stbi__zdist_base[32]
+	= {1,	 2,	   3,	 4,	   5,	 7,		9,	   13,	  17,  25,	 33,
+	   49,	 65,   97,	 129,  193,	 257,	385,   513,	  769, 1025, 1537,
+	   2049, 3073, 4097, 6145, 8193, 12289, 16385, 24577, 0,   0};
+
+static const int stbi__zdist_extra[32]
+	= {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2,	3,	3,	4,	4,	5,	5,	6,
+	   6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13};
+
+static int stbi__parse_huffman_block(stbi__zbuf * a) {
+	char * zout = a->zout;
+	for (;;) {
+		int z = stbi__zhuffman_decode(a, &a->z_length);
+		if (z < 256) {
+			if (z < 0)
+				return stbi__err("bad huffman code",
+								 "Corrupt PNG"); // error in huffman codes
+			if (zout >= a->zout_end) {
+				if (!stbi__zexpand(a, zout, 1)) return 0;
+				zout = a->zout;
+			}
+			*zout++ = (char) z;
+		} else {
+			stbi_uc * p;
+			int len, dist;
+			if (z == 256) {
+				a->zout = zout;
+				if (a->hit_zeof_once && a->num_bits < 16) {
+					// The first time we hit zeof, we inserted 16 extra zero bits into our bit
+					// buffer so the decoder can just do its speculative decoding. But if we
+					// actually consumed any of those bits (which is the case when num_bits < 16),
+					// the stream actually read past the end so it is malformed.
+					return stbi__err("unexpected end", "Corrupt PNG");
+				}
+				return 1;
+			}
+			if (z >= 286)
+				return stbi__err(
+					"bad huffman code",
+					"Corrupt PNG"); // per DEFLATE, length codes 286 and 287 must not appear in compressed data
+			z -= 257;
+			len = stbi__zlength_base[z];
+			if (stbi__zlength_extra[z])
+				len += stbi__zreceive(a, stbi__zlength_extra[z]);
+			z = stbi__zhuffman_decode(a, &a->z_distance);
+			if (z < 0 || z >= 30)
+				return stbi__err(
+					"bad huffman code",
+					"Corrupt PNG"); // per DEFLATE, distance codes 30 and 31 must not appear in compressed data
+			dist = stbi__zdist_base[z];
+			if (stbi__zdist_extra[z])
+				dist += stbi__zreceive(a, stbi__zdist_extra[z]);
+			if (zout - a->zout_start < dist)
+				return stbi__err("bad dist", "Corrupt PNG");
+			if (len > a->zout_end - zout) {
+				if (!stbi__zexpand(a, zout, len)) return 0;
+				zout = a->zout;
+			}
+			p = (stbi_uc *) (zout - dist);
+			if (dist == 1) { // run of one byte; common in images.
+				stbi_uc v = *p;
+				if (len) {
+					do *zout++ = v;
+					while (--len);
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (len) {
+					do *zout++ = *p++;
+					while (--len);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int stbi__compute_huffman_codes(stbi__zbuf * a) {
+	static const stbi_uc length_dezigzag[19]
+		= {16, 17, 18, 0, 8, 7, 9, 6, 10, 5, 11, 4, 12, 3, 13, 2, 14, 1, 15};
+	stbi__zhuffman z_codelength;
+	stbi_uc lencodes[286 + 32 + 137]; //padding for maximum single op
+	stbi_uc codelength_sizes[19];
+	int i, n;
+
+	int hlit = stbi__zreceive(a, 5) + 257;
+	int hdist = stbi__zreceive(a, 5) + 1;
+	int hclen = stbi__zreceive(a, 4) + 4;
+	int ntot = hlit + hdist;
+
+	memset(codelength_sizes, 0, sizeof(codelength_sizes));
+	for (i = 0; i < hclen; ++i) {
+		int s = stbi__zreceive(a, 3);
+		codelength_sizes[length_dezigzag[i]] = (stbi_uc) s;
+	}
+	if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&z_codelength, codelength_sizes, 19)) return 0;
+
+	n = 0;
+	while (n < ntot) {
+		int c = stbi__zhuffman_decode(a, &z_codelength);
+		if (c < 0 || c >= 19)
+			return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
+		if (c < 16) lencodes[n++] = (stbi_uc) c;
+		else {
+			stbi_uc fill = 0;
+			if (c == 16) {
+				c = stbi__zreceive(a, 2) + 3;
+				if (n == 0) return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
+				fill = lencodes[n - 1];
+			} else if (c == 17) {
+				c = stbi__zreceive(a, 3) + 3;
+			} else if (c == 18) {
+				c = stbi__zreceive(a, 7) + 11;
+			} else {
+				return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
+			}
+			if (ntot - n < c)
+				return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
+			memset(lencodes + n, fill, c);
+			n += c;
+		}
+	}
+	if (n != ntot) return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
+	if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&a->z_length, lencodes, hlit)) return 0;
+	if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&a->z_distance, lencodes + hlit, hdist)) return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__parse_uncompressed_block(stbi__zbuf * a) {
+	stbi_uc header[4];
+	int len, nlen, k;
+	if (a->num_bits & 7) stbi__zreceive(a, a->num_bits & 7); // discard
+	// drain the bit-packed data into header
+	k = 0;
+	while (a->num_bits > 0) {
+		header[k++]
+			= (stbi_uc) (a->code_buffer & 255); // suppress MSVC run-time check
+		a->code_buffer >>= 8;
+		a->num_bits -= 8;
+	}
+	if (a->num_bits < 0) return stbi__err("zlib corrupt", "Corrupt PNG");
+	// now fill header the normal way
+	while (k < 4) header[k++] = stbi__zget8(a);
+	len = header[1] * 256 + header[0];
+	nlen = header[3] * 256 + header[2];
+	if (nlen != (len ^ 0xffff)) return stbi__err("zlib corrupt", "Corrupt PNG");
+	if (a->zbuffer + len > a->zbuffer_end)
+		return stbi__err("read past buffer", "Corrupt PNG");
+	if (a->zout + len > a->zout_end)
+		if (!stbi__zexpand(a, a->zout, len)) return 0;
+	memcpy(a->zout, a->zbuffer, len);
+	a->zbuffer += len;
+	a->zout += len;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__parse_zlib_header(stbi__zbuf * a) {
+	int cmf = stbi__zget8(a);
+	int cm = cmf & 15;
+	/* int cinfo = cmf >> 4; */
+	int flg = stbi__zget8(a);
+	if (stbi__zeof(a))
+		return stbi__err("bad zlib header", "Corrupt PNG"); // zlib spec
+	if ((cmf * 256 + flg) % 31 != 0)
+		return stbi__err("bad zlib header", "Corrupt PNG"); // zlib spec
+	if (flg & 32)
+		return stbi__err("no preset dict",
+						 "Corrupt PNG"); // preset dictionary not allowed in png
+	if (cm != 8)
+		return stbi__err("bad compression",
+						 "Corrupt PNG"); // DEFLATE required for png
+	// window = 1 << (8 + cinfo)... but who cares, we fully buffer output
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static const stbi_uc stbi__zdefault_length[STBI__ZNSYMS]
+	= {8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
+	   8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
+	   8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
+	   8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
+	   8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
+	   8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
+	   9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+	   9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+	   9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+	   9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+	   9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
+	   7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8};
+static const stbi_uc stbi__zdefault_distance[32]
+	= {5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
+	   5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5};
+/*
+Init algorithm:
+{
+   int i;   // use <= to match clearly with spec
+   for (i=0; i <= 143; ++i)     stbi__zdefault_length[i]   = 8;
+   for (   ; i <= 255; ++i)     stbi__zdefault_length[i]   = 9;
+   for (   ; i <= 279; ++i)     stbi__zdefault_length[i]   = 7;
+   for (   ; i <= 287; ++i)     stbi__zdefault_length[i]   = 8;
+
+   for (i=0; i <=  31; ++i)     stbi__zdefault_distance[i] = 5;
+}
+*/
+
+static int stbi__parse_zlib(stbi__zbuf * a, int parse_header) {
+	int final, type;
+	if (parse_header)
+		if (!stbi__parse_zlib_header(a)) return 0;
+	a->num_bits = 0;
+	a->code_buffer = 0;
+	a->hit_zeof_once = 0;
+	do {
+		final = stbi__zreceive(a, 1);
+		type = stbi__zreceive(a, 2);
+		if (type == 0) {
+			if (!stbi__parse_uncompressed_block(a)) return 0;
+		} else if (type == 3) {
+			return 0;
+		} else {
+			if (type == 1) {
+				// use fixed code lengths
+				if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&a->z_length, stbi__zdefault_length,
+										  STBI__ZNSYMS))
+					return 0;
+				if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&a->z_distance,
+										  stbi__zdefault_distance, 32))
+					return 0;
+			} else {
+				if (!stbi__compute_huffman_codes(a)) return 0;
+			}
+			if (!stbi__parse_huffman_block(a)) return 0;
+		}
+	} while (!final);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__do_zlib(stbi__zbuf * a, char * obuf, int olen, int exp,
+						 int parse_header) {
+	a->zout_start = obuf;
+	a->zout = obuf;
+	a->zout_end = obuf + olen;
+	a->z_expandable = exp;
+
+	return stbi__parse_zlib(a, parse_header);
+}
+
+STBIDEF char * stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize(const char * buffer, int len,
+												 int initial_size,
+												 int * outlen) {
+	stbi__zbuf a;
+	char * p = (char *) stbi__malloc(initial_size);
+	if (p == NULL) return NULL;
+	a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *) buffer;
+	a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *) buffer + len;
+	if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, p, initial_size, 1, 1)) {
+		if (outlen) *outlen = (int) (a.zout - a.zout_start);
+		return a.zout_start;
+	} else {
+		STBI_FREE(a.zout_start);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+STBIDEF char * stbi_zlib_decode_malloc(char const * buffer, int len,
+									   int * outlen) {
+	return stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize(buffer, len, 16384, outlen);
+}
+
+STBIDEF char * stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize_headerflag(const char * buffer,
+															int len,
+															int initial_size,
+															int * outlen,
+															int parse_header) {
+	stbi__zbuf a;
+	char * p = (char *) stbi__malloc(initial_size);
+	if (p == NULL) return NULL;
+	a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *) buffer;
+	a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *) buffer + len;
+	if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, p, initial_size, 1, parse_header)) {
+		if (outlen) *outlen = (int) (a.zout - a.zout_start);
+		return a.zout_start;
+	} else {
+		STBI_FREE(a.zout_start);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_zlib_decode_buffer(char * obuffer, int olen,
+									char const * ibuffer, int ilen) {
+	stbi__zbuf a;
+	a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *) ibuffer;
+	a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *) ibuffer + ilen;
+	if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, obuffer, olen, 0, 1))
+		return (int) (a.zout - a.zout_start);
+	else return -1;
+}
+
+STBIDEF char * stbi_zlib_decode_noheader_malloc(char const * buffer, int len,
+												int * outlen) {
+	stbi__zbuf a;
+	char * p = (char *) stbi__malloc(16384);
+	if (p == NULL) return NULL;
+	a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *) buffer;
+	a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *) buffer + len;
+	if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, p, 16384, 1, 0)) {
+		if (outlen) *outlen = (int) (a.zout - a.zout_start);
+		return a.zout_start;
+	} else {
+		STBI_FREE(a.zout_start);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_zlib_decode_noheader_buffer(char * obuffer, int olen,
+											 const char * ibuffer, int ilen) {
+	stbi__zbuf a;
+	a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *) ibuffer;
+	a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *) ibuffer + ilen;
+	if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, obuffer, olen, 0, 0))
+		return (int) (a.zout - a.zout_start);
+	else return -1;
+}
+#endif
+
+// public domain "baseline" PNG decoder   v0.10  Sean Barrett 2006-11-18
+//    simple implementation
+//      - only 8-bit samples
+//      - no CRC checking
+//      - allocates lots of intermediate memory
+//        - avoids problem of streaming data between subsystems
+//        - avoids explicit window management
+//    performance
+//      - uses stb_zlib, a PD zlib implementation with fast huffman decoding
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
+typedef struct {
+	stbi__uint32 length;
+	stbi__uint32 type;
+} stbi__pngchunk;
+
+static stbi__pngchunk stbi__get_chunk_header(stbi__context * s) {
+	stbi__pngchunk c;
+	c.length = stbi__get32be(s);
+	c.type = stbi__get32be(s);
+	return c;
+}
+
+static int stbi__check_png_header(stbi__context * s) {
+	static const stbi_uc png_sig[8] = {137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10};
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
+		if (stbi__get8(s) != png_sig[i])
+			return stbi__err("bad png sig", "Not a PNG");
+	return 1;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+	stbi__context * s;
+	stbi_uc *idata, *expanded, *out;
+	int depth;
+} stbi__png;
+
+enum {
+	STBI__F_none = 0,
+	STBI__F_sub = 1,
+	STBI__F_up = 2,
+	STBI__F_avg = 3,
+	STBI__F_paeth = 4,
+	// synthetic filter used for first scanline to avoid needing a dummy row of 0s
+	STBI__F_avg_first
+};
+
+static stbi_uc first_row_filter[5] = {
+	STBI__F_none, STBI__F_sub, STBI__F_none, STBI__F_avg_first,
+	STBI__F_sub // Paeth with b=c=0 turns out to be equivalent to sub
+};
+
+static int stbi__paeth(int a, int b, int c) {
+	// This formulation looks very different from the reference in the PNG spec, but is
+	// actually equivalent and has favorable data dependencies and admits straightforward
+	// generation of branch-free code, which helps performance significantly.
+	int thresh = c * 3 - (a + b);
+	int lo = a < b ? a : b;
+	int hi = a < b ? b : a;
+	int t0 = (hi <= thresh) ? lo : c;
+	int t1 = (thresh <= lo) ? hi : t0;
+	return t1;
+}
+
+static const stbi_uc stbi__depth_scale_table[9]
+	= {0, 0xff, 0x55, 0, 0x11, 0, 0, 0, 0x01};
+
+// adds an extra all-255 alpha channel
+// dest == src is legal
+// img_n must be 1 or 3
+static void stbi__create_png_alpha_expand8(stbi_uc * dest, stbi_uc * src,
+										   stbi__uint32 x, int img_n) {
+	int i;
+	// must process data backwards since we allow dest==src
+	if (img_n == 1) {
+		for (i = x - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+			dest[i * 2 + 1] = 255;
+			dest[i * 2 + 0] = src[i];
+		}
+	} else {
+		STBI_ASSERT(img_n == 3);
+		for (i = x - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+			dest[i * 4 + 3] = 255;
+			dest[i * 4 + 2] = src[i * 3 + 2];
+			dest[i * 4 + 1] = src[i * 3 + 1];
+			dest[i * 4 + 0] = src[i * 3 + 0];
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// create the png data from post-deflated data
+static int stbi__create_png_image_raw(stbi__png * a, stbi_uc * raw,
+									  stbi__uint32 raw_len, int out_n,
+									  stbi__uint32 x, stbi__uint32 y, int depth,
+									  int color) {
+	int bytes = (depth == 16 ? 2 : 1);
+	stbi__context * s = a->s;
+	stbi__uint32 i, j, stride = x * out_n * bytes;
+	stbi__uint32 img_len, img_width_bytes;
+	stbi_uc * filter_buf;
+	int all_ok = 1;
+	int k;
+	int img_n = s->img_n; // copy it into a local for later
+
+	int output_bytes = out_n * bytes;
+	int filter_bytes = img_n * bytes;
+	int width = x;
+
+	STBI_ASSERT(out_n == s->img_n || out_n == s->img_n + 1);
+	a->out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad3(
+		x, y, output_bytes, 0); // extra bytes to write off the end into
+	if (!a->out) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+	// note: error exits here don't need to clean up a->out individually,
+	// stbi__do_png always does on error.
+	if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(img_n, x, depth, 7))
+		return stbi__err("too large", "Corrupt PNG");
+	img_width_bytes = (((img_n * x * depth) + 7) >> 3);
+	if (!stbi__mad2sizes_valid(img_width_bytes, y, img_width_bytes))
+		return stbi__err("too large", "Corrupt PNG");
+	img_len = (img_width_bytes + 1) * y;
+
+	// we used to check for exact match between raw_len and img_len on non-interlaced PNGs,
+	// but issue #276 reported a PNG in the wild that had extra data at the end (all zeros),
+	// so just check for raw_len < img_len always.
+	if (raw_len < img_len) return stbi__err("not enough pixels", "Corrupt PNG");
+
+	// Allocate two scan lines worth of filter workspace buffer.
+	filter_buf = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad2(img_width_bytes, 2, 0);
+	if (!filter_buf) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+	// Filtering for low-bit-depth images
+	if (depth < 8) {
+		filter_bytes = 1;
+		width = img_width_bytes;
+	}
+
+	for (j = 0; j < y; ++j) {
+		// cur/prior filter buffers alternate
+		stbi_uc * cur = filter_buf + (j & 1) * img_width_bytes;
+		stbi_uc * prior = filter_buf + (~j & 1) * img_width_bytes;
+		stbi_uc * dest = a->out + stride * j;
+		int nk = width * filter_bytes;
+		int filter = *raw++;
+
+		// check filter type
+		if (filter > 4) {
+			all_ok = stbi__err("invalid filter", "Corrupt PNG");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		// if first row, use special filter that doesn't sample previous row
+		if (j == 0) filter = first_row_filter[filter];
+
+		// perform actual filtering
+		switch (filter) {
+			case STBI__F_none:
+				memcpy(cur, raw, nk);
+				break;
+			case STBI__F_sub:
+				memcpy(cur, raw, filter_bytes);
+				for (k = filter_bytes; k < nk; ++k)
+					cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + cur[k - filter_bytes]);
+				break;
+			case STBI__F_up:
+				for (k = 0; k < nk; ++k)
+					cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]);
+				break;
+			case STBI__F_avg:
+				for (k = 0; k < filter_bytes; ++k)
+					cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (prior[k] >> 1));
+				for (k = filter_bytes; k < nk; ++k)
+					cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(
+						raw[k] + ((prior[k] + cur[k - filter_bytes]) >> 1));
+				break;
+			case STBI__F_paeth:
+				for (k = 0; k < filter_bytes; ++k)
+					cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(
+						raw[k]
+						+ prior[k]); // prior[k] == stbi__paeth(0,prior[k],0)
+				for (k = filter_bytes; k < nk; ++k)
+					cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(
+						raw[k]
+						+ stbi__paeth(cur[k - filter_bytes], prior[k],
+									  prior[k - filter_bytes]));
+				break;
+			case STBI__F_avg_first:
+				memcpy(cur, raw, filter_bytes);
+				for (k = filter_bytes; k < nk; ++k)
+					cur[k]
+						= STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (cur[k - filter_bytes] >> 1));
+				break;
+		}
+
+		raw += nk;
+
+		// expand decoded bits in cur to dest, also adding an extra alpha channel if desired
+		if (depth < 8) {
+			stbi_uc scale = (color == 0)
+								? stbi__depth_scale_table[depth]
+								: 1; // scale grayscale values to 0..255 range
+			stbi_uc * in = cur;
+			stbi_uc * out = dest;
+			stbi_uc inb = 0;
+			stbi__uint32 nsmp = x * img_n;
+
+			// expand bits to bytes first
+			if (depth == 4) {
+				for (i = 0; i < nsmp; ++i) {
+					if ((i & 1) == 0) inb = *in++;
+					*out++ = scale * (inb >> 4);
+					inb <<= 4;
+				}
+			} else if (depth == 2) {
+				for (i = 0; i < nsmp; ++i) {
+					if ((i & 3) == 0) inb = *in++;
+					*out++ = scale * (inb >> 6);
+					inb <<= 2;
+				}
+			} else {
+				STBI_ASSERT(depth == 1);
+				for (i = 0; i < nsmp; ++i) {
+					if ((i & 7) == 0) inb = *in++;
+					*out++ = scale * (inb >> 7);
+					inb <<= 1;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// insert alpha=255 values if desired
+			if (img_n != out_n)
+				stbi__create_png_alpha_expand8(dest, dest, x, img_n);
+		} else if (depth == 8) {
+			if (img_n == out_n) memcpy(dest, cur, x * img_n);
+			else stbi__create_png_alpha_expand8(dest, cur, x, img_n);
+		} else if (depth == 16) {
+			// convert the image data from big-endian to platform-native
+			stbi__uint16 * dest16 = (stbi__uint16 *) dest;
+			stbi__uint32 nsmp = x * img_n;
+
+			if (img_n == out_n) {
+				for (i = 0; i < nsmp; ++i, ++dest16, cur += 2)
+					*dest16 = (cur[0] << 8) | cur[1];
+			} else {
+				STBI_ASSERT(img_n + 1 == out_n);
+				if (img_n == 1) {
+					for (i = 0; i < x; ++i, dest16 += 2, cur += 2) {
+						dest16[0] = (cur[0] << 8) | cur[1];
+						dest16[1] = 0xffff;
+					}
+				} else {
+					STBI_ASSERT(img_n == 3);
+					for (i = 0; i < x; ++i, dest16 += 4, cur += 6) {
+						dest16[0] = (cur[0] << 8) | cur[1];
+						dest16[1] = (cur[2] << 8) | cur[3];
+						dest16[2] = (cur[4] << 8) | cur[5];
+						dest16[3] = 0xffff;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	STBI_FREE(filter_buf);
+	if (!all_ok) return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__create_png_image(stbi__png * a, stbi_uc * image_data,
+								  stbi__uint32 image_data_len, int out_n,
+								  int depth, int color, int interlaced) {
+	int bytes = (depth == 16 ? 2 : 1);
+	int out_bytes = out_n * bytes;
+	stbi_uc * final;
+	int p;
+	if (!interlaced)
+		return stbi__create_png_image_raw(a, image_data, image_data_len, out_n,
+										  a->s->img_x, a->s->img_y, depth,
+										  color);
+
+	// de-interlacing
+	final
+		= (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad3(a->s->img_x, a->s->img_y, out_bytes, 0);
+	if (!final) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	for (p = 0; p < 7; ++p) {
+		int xorig[] = {0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0};
+		int yorig[] = {0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 1};
+		int xspc[] = {8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2, 1};
+		int yspc[] = {8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2};
+		int i, j, x, y;
+		// pass1_x[4] = 0, pass1_x[5] = 1, pass1_x[12] = 1
+		x = (a->s->img_x - xorig[p] + xspc[p] - 1) / xspc[p];
+		y = (a->s->img_y - yorig[p] + yspc[p] - 1) / yspc[p];
+		if (x && y) {
+			stbi__uint32 img_len
+				= ((((a->s->img_n * x * depth) + 7) >> 3) + 1) * y;
+			if (!stbi__create_png_image_raw(a, image_data, image_data_len,
+											out_n, x, y, depth, color)) {
+				STBI_FREE(final);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			for (j = 0; j < y; ++j) {
+				for (i = 0; i < x; ++i) {
+					int out_y = j * yspc[p] + yorig[p];
+					int out_x = i * xspc[p] + xorig[p];
+					memcpy(final + out_y * a->s->img_x * out_bytes
+							   + out_x * out_bytes,
+						   a->out + (j * x + i) * out_bytes, out_bytes);
+				}
+			}
+			STBI_FREE(a->out);
+			image_data += img_len;
+			image_data_len -= img_len;
+		}
+	}
+	a->out = final;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__compute_transparency(stbi__png * z, stbi_uc tc[3], int out_n) {
+	stbi__context * s = z->s;
+	stbi__uint32 i, pixel_count = s->img_x * s->img_y;
+	stbi_uc * p = z->out;
+
+	// compute color-based transparency, assuming we've
+	// already got 255 as the alpha value in the output
+	STBI_ASSERT(out_n == 2 || out_n == 4);
+
+	if (out_n == 2) {
+		for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+			p[1] = (p[0] == tc[0] ? 0 : 255);
+			p += 2;
+		}
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+			if (p[0] == tc[0] && p[1] == tc[1] && p[2] == tc[2]) p[3] = 0;
+			p += 4;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__compute_transparency16(stbi__png * z, stbi__uint16 tc[3],
+										int out_n) {
+	stbi__context * s = z->s;
+	stbi__uint32 i, pixel_count = s->img_x * s->img_y;
+	stbi__uint16 * p = (stbi__uint16 *) z->out;
+
+	// compute color-based transparency, assuming we've
+	// already got 65535 as the alpha value in the output
+	STBI_ASSERT(out_n == 2 || out_n == 4);
+
+	if (out_n == 2) {
+		for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+			p[1] = (p[0] == tc[0] ? 0 : 65535);
+			p += 2;
+		}
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+			if (p[0] == tc[0] && p[1] == tc[1] && p[2] == tc[2]) p[3] = 0;
+			p += 4;
+		}
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__expand_png_palette(stbi__png * a, stbi_uc * palette, int len,
+									int pal_img_n) {
+	stbi__uint32 i, pixel_count = a->s->img_x * a->s->img_y;
+	stbi_uc *p, *temp_out, *orig = a->out;
+
+	p = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad2(pixel_count, pal_img_n, 0);
+	if (p == NULL) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+	// between here and free(out) below, exitting would leak
+	temp_out = p;
+
+	if (pal_img_n == 3) {
+		for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+			int n = orig[i] * 4;
+			p[0] = palette[n];
+			p[1] = palette[n + 1];
+			p[2] = palette[n + 2];
+			p += 3;
+		}
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+			int n = orig[i] * 4;
+			p[0] = palette[n];
+			p[1] = palette[n + 1];
+			p[2] = palette[n + 2];
+			p[3] = palette[n + 3];
+			p += 4;
+		}
+	}
+	STBI_FREE(a->out);
+	a->out = temp_out;
+
+	STBI_NOTUSED(len);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_global = 0;
+static int stbi__de_iphone_flag_global = 0;
+
+STBIDEF void
+stbi_set_unpremultiply_on_load(int flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply) {
+	stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_global = flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply;
+}
+
+STBIDEF void stbi_convert_iphone_png_to_rgb(int flag_true_if_should_convert) {
+	stbi__de_iphone_flag_global = flag_true_if_should_convert;
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_THREAD_LOCAL
+#define stbi__unpremultiply_on_load stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_global
+#define stbi__de_iphone_flag stbi__de_iphone_flag_global
+#else
+static STBI_THREAD_LOCAL int stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_local,
+	stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_set;
+static STBI_THREAD_LOCAL int stbi__de_iphone_flag_local,
+	stbi__de_iphone_flag_set;
+
+STBIDEF void
+stbi_set_unpremultiply_on_load_thread(int flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply) {
+	stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_local = flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply;
+	stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_set = 1;
+}
+
+STBIDEF void
+stbi_convert_iphone_png_to_rgb_thread(int flag_true_if_should_convert) {
+	stbi__de_iphone_flag_local = flag_true_if_should_convert;
+	stbi__de_iphone_flag_set = 1;
+}
+
+#define stbi__unpremultiply_on_load \
+	(stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_set ? stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_local \
+									 : stbi__unpremultiply_on_load_global)
+#define stbi__de_iphone_flag \
+	(stbi__de_iphone_flag_set ? stbi__de_iphone_flag_local \
+							  : stbi__de_iphone_flag_global)
+#endif // STBI_THREAD_LOCAL
+
+static void stbi__de_iphone(stbi__png * z) {
+	stbi__context * s = z->s;
+	stbi__uint32 i, pixel_count = s->img_x * s->img_y;
+	stbi_uc * p = z->out;
+
+	if (s->img_out_n == 3) { // convert bgr to rgb
+		for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+			stbi_uc t = p[0];
+			p[0] = p[2];
+			p[2] = t;
+			p += 3;
+		}
+	} else {
+		STBI_ASSERT(s->img_out_n == 4);
+		if (stbi__unpremultiply_on_load) {
+			// convert bgr to rgb and unpremultiply
+			for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+				stbi_uc a = p[3];
+				stbi_uc t = p[0];
+				if (a) {
+					stbi_uc half = a / 2;
+					p[0] = (p[2] * 255 + half) / a;
+					p[1] = (p[1] * 255 + half) / a;
+					p[2] = (t * 255 + half) / a;
+				} else {
+					p[0] = p[2];
+					p[2] = t;
+				}
+				p += 4;
+			}
+		} else {
+			// convert bgr to rgb
+			for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
+				stbi_uc t = p[0];
+				p[0] = p[2];
+				p[2] = t;
+				p += 4;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#define STBI__PNG_TYPE(a, b, c, d) \
+	(((unsigned) (a) << 24) + ((unsigned) (b) << 16) + ((unsigned) (c) << 8) \
+	 + (unsigned) (d))
+
+static int stbi__parse_png_file(stbi__png * z, int scan, int req_comp) {
+	stbi_uc palette[1024], pal_img_n = 0;
+	stbi_uc has_trans = 0, tc[3] = {0};
+	stbi__uint16 tc16[3];
+	stbi__uint32 ioff = 0, idata_limit = 0, i, pal_len = 0;
+	int first = 1, k, interlace = 0, color = 0, is_iphone = 0;
+	stbi__context * s = z->s;
+
+	z->expanded = NULL;
+	z->idata = NULL;
+	z->out = NULL;
+
+	if (!stbi__check_png_header(s)) return 0;
+
+	if (scan == STBI__SCAN_type) return 1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		stbi__pngchunk c = stbi__get_chunk_header(s);
+		switch (c.type) {
+			case STBI__PNG_TYPE('C', 'g', 'B', 'I'):
+				is_iphone = 1;
+				stbi__skip(s, c.length);
+				break;
+			case STBI__PNG_TYPE('I', 'H', 'D', 'R'): {
+				int comp, filter;
+				if (!first) return stbi__err("multiple IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
+				first = 0;
+				if (c.length != 13)
+					return stbi__err("bad IHDR len", "Corrupt PNG");
+				s->img_x = stbi__get32be(s);
+				s->img_y = stbi__get32be(s);
+				if (s->img_y > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+					return stbi__err("too large",
+									 "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+				if (s->img_x > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+					return stbi__err("too large",
+									 "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+				z->depth = stbi__get8(s);
+				if (z->depth != 1 && z->depth != 2 && z->depth != 4
+					&& z->depth != 8 && z->depth != 16)
+					return stbi__err("1/2/4/8/16-bit only",
+									 "PNG not supported: 1/2/4/8/16-bit only");
+				color = stbi__get8(s);
+				if (color > 6) return stbi__err("bad ctype", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (color == 3 && z->depth == 16)
+					return stbi__err("bad ctype", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (color == 3) pal_img_n = 3;
+				else if (color & 1)
+					return stbi__err("bad ctype", "Corrupt PNG");
+				comp = stbi__get8(s);
+				if (comp) return stbi__err("bad comp method", "Corrupt PNG");
+				filter = stbi__get8(s);
+				if (filter)
+					return stbi__err("bad filter method", "Corrupt PNG");
+				interlace = stbi__get8(s);
+				if (interlace > 1)
+					return stbi__err("bad interlace method", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (!s->img_x || !s->img_y)
+					return stbi__err("0-pixel image", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (!pal_img_n) {
+					s->img_n = (color & 2 ? 3 : 1) + (color & 4 ? 1 : 0);
+					if ((1 << 30) / s->img_x / s->img_n < s->img_y)
+						return stbi__err("too large",
+										 "Image too large to decode");
+				} else {
+					// if paletted, then pal_n is our final components, and
+					// img_n is # components to decompress/filter.
+					s->img_n = 1;
+					if ((1 << 30) / s->img_x / 4 < s->img_y)
+						return stbi__err("too large", "Corrupt PNG");
+				}
+				// even with SCAN_header, have to scan to see if we have a tRNS
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case STBI__PNG_TYPE('P', 'L', 'T', 'E'): {
+				if (first) return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (c.length > 256 * 3)
+					return stbi__err("invalid PLTE", "Corrupt PNG");
+				pal_len = c.length / 3;
+				if (pal_len * 3 != c.length)
+					return stbi__err("invalid PLTE", "Corrupt PNG");
+				for (i = 0; i < pal_len; ++i) {
+					palette[i * 4 + 0] = stbi__get8(s);
+					palette[i * 4 + 1] = stbi__get8(s);
+					palette[i * 4 + 2] = stbi__get8(s);
+					palette[i * 4 + 3] = 255;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case STBI__PNG_TYPE('t', 'R', 'N', 'S'): {
+				if (first) return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (z->idata)
+					return stbi__err("tRNS after IDAT", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (pal_img_n) {
+					if (scan == STBI__SCAN_header) {
+						s->img_n = 4;
+						return 1;
+					}
+					if (pal_len == 0)
+						return stbi__err("tRNS before PLTE", "Corrupt PNG");
+					if (c.length > pal_len)
+						return stbi__err("bad tRNS len", "Corrupt PNG");
+					pal_img_n = 4;
+					for (i = 0; i < c.length; ++i)
+						palette[i * 4 + 3] = stbi__get8(s);
+				} else {
+					if (!(s->img_n & 1))
+						return stbi__err("tRNS with alpha", "Corrupt PNG");
+					if (c.length != (stbi__uint32) s->img_n * 2)
+						return stbi__err("bad tRNS len", "Corrupt PNG");
+					has_trans = 1;
+					// non-paletted with tRNS = constant alpha. if header-scanning, we can stop now.
+					if (scan == STBI__SCAN_header) {
+						++s->img_n;
+						return 1;
+					}
+					if (z->depth == 16) {
+						for (k = 0; k < s->img_n; ++k)
+							tc16[k] = (stbi__uint16) stbi__get16be(
+								s); // copy the values as-is
+					} else {
+						for (k = 0; k < s->img_n; ++k)
+							tc[k]
+								= (stbi_uc) (stbi__get16be(s) & 255)
+								  * stbi__depth_scale_table
+									  [z->depth]; // non 8-bit images will be larger
+					}
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case STBI__PNG_TYPE('I', 'D', 'A', 'T'): {
+				if (first) return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (pal_img_n && !pal_len)
+					return stbi__err("no PLTE", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (scan == STBI__SCAN_header) {
+					// header scan definitely stops at first IDAT
+					if (pal_img_n) s->img_n = pal_img_n;
+					return 1;
+				}
+				if (c.length > (1u << 30))
+					return stbi__err("IDAT size limit",
+									 "IDAT section larger than 2^30 bytes");
+				if ((int) (ioff + c.length) < (int) ioff) return 0;
+				if (ioff + c.length > idata_limit) {
+					stbi__uint32 idata_limit_old = idata_limit;
+					stbi_uc * p;
+					if (idata_limit == 0)
+						idata_limit = c.length > 4096 ? c.length : 4096;
+					while (ioff + c.length > idata_limit) idata_limit *= 2;
+					STBI_NOTUSED(idata_limit_old);
+					p = (stbi_uc *) STBI_REALLOC_SIZED(
+						z->idata, idata_limit_old, idata_limit);
+					if (p == NULL)
+						return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+					z->idata = p;
+				}
+				if (!stbi__getn(s, z->idata + ioff, c.length))
+					return stbi__err("outofdata", "Corrupt PNG");
+				ioff += c.length;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case STBI__PNG_TYPE('I', 'E', 'N', 'D'): {
+				stbi__uint32 raw_len, bpl;
+				if (first) return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if (scan != STBI__SCAN_load) return 1;
+				if (z->idata == NULL)
+					return stbi__err("no IDAT", "Corrupt PNG");
+				// initial guess for decoded data size to avoid unnecessary reallocs
+				bpl = (s->img_x * z->depth + 7)
+					  / 8; // bytes per line, per component
+				raw_len = bpl * s->img_y * s->img_n /* pixels */
+						  + s->img_y /* filter mode per row */;
+				z->expanded
+					= (stbi_uc *) stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize_headerflag(
+						(char *) z->idata, ioff, raw_len, (int *) &raw_len,
+						!is_iphone);
+				if (z->expanded == NULL) return 0; // zlib should set error
+				STBI_FREE(z->idata);
+				z->idata = NULL;
+				if ((req_comp == s->img_n + 1 && req_comp != 3 && !pal_img_n)
+					|| has_trans)
+					s->img_out_n = s->img_n + 1;
+				else s->img_out_n = s->img_n;
+				if (!stbi__create_png_image(z, z->expanded, raw_len,
+											s->img_out_n, z->depth, color,
+											interlace))
+					return 0;
+				if (has_trans) {
+					if (z->depth == 16) {
+						if (!stbi__compute_transparency16(z, tc16,
+														  s->img_out_n))
+							return 0;
+					} else {
+						if (!stbi__compute_transparency(z, tc, s->img_out_n))
+							return 0;
+					}
+				}
+				if (is_iphone && stbi__de_iphone_flag && s->img_out_n > 2)
+					stbi__de_iphone(z);
+				if (pal_img_n) {
+					// pal_img_n == 3 or 4
+					s->img_n = pal_img_n; // record the actual colors we had
+					s->img_out_n = pal_img_n;
+					if (req_comp >= 3) s->img_out_n = req_comp;
+					if (!stbi__expand_png_palette(z, palette, pal_len,
+												  s->img_out_n))
+						return 0;
+				} else if (has_trans) {
+					// non-paletted image with tRNS -> source image has (constant) alpha
+					++s->img_n;
+				}
+				STBI_FREE(z->expanded);
+				z->expanded = NULL;
+				// end of PNG chunk, read and skip CRC
+				stbi__get32be(s);
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			default:
+				// if critical, fail
+				if (first) return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
+				if ((c.type & (1 << 29)) == 0) {
+#ifndef STBI_NO_FAILURE_STRINGS
+					// not threadsafe
+					static char invalid_chunk[] = "XXXX PNG chunk not known";
+					invalid_chunk[0] = STBI__BYTECAST(c.type >> 24);
+					invalid_chunk[1] = STBI__BYTECAST(c.type >> 16);
+					invalid_chunk[2] = STBI__BYTECAST(c.type >> 8);
+					invalid_chunk[3] = STBI__BYTECAST(c.type >> 0);
+#endif
+					return stbi__err(
+						invalid_chunk,
+						"PNG not supported: unknown PNG chunk type");
+				}
+				stbi__skip(s, c.length);
+				break;
+		}
+		// end of PNG chunk, read and skip CRC
+		stbi__get32be(s);
+	}
+}
+
+static void * stbi__do_png(stbi__png * p, int * x, int * y, int * n,
+						   int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	void * result = NULL;
+	if (req_comp < 0 || req_comp > 4)
+		return stbi__errpuc("bad req_comp", "Internal error");
+	if (stbi__parse_png_file(p, STBI__SCAN_load, req_comp)) {
+		if (p->depth <= 8) ri->bits_per_channel = 8;
+		else if (p->depth == 16) ri->bits_per_channel = 16;
+		else
+			return stbi__errpuc("bad bits_per_channel",
+								"PNG not supported: unsupported color depth");
+		result = p->out;
+		p->out = NULL;
+		if (req_comp && req_comp != p->s->img_out_n) {
+			if (ri->bits_per_channel == 8)
+				result = stbi__convert_format((unsigned char *) result,
+											  p->s->img_out_n, req_comp,
+											  p->s->img_x, p->s->img_y);
+			else
+				result = stbi__convert_format16((stbi__uint16 *) result,
+												p->s->img_out_n, req_comp,
+												p->s->img_x, p->s->img_y);
+			p->s->img_out_n = req_comp;
+			if (result == NULL) return result;
+		}
+		*x = p->s->img_x;
+		*y = p->s->img_y;
+		if (n) *n = p->s->img_n;
+	}
+	STBI_FREE(p->out);
+	p->out = NULL;
+	STBI_FREE(p->expanded);
+	p->expanded = NULL;
+	STBI_FREE(p->idata);
+	p->idata = NULL;
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void * stbi__png_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	stbi__png p;
+	p.s = s;
+	return stbi__do_png(&p, x, y, comp, req_comp, ri);
+}
+
+static int stbi__png_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	int r;
+	r = stbi__check_png_header(s);
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int stbi__png_info_raw(stbi__png * p, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	if (!stbi__parse_png_file(p, STBI__SCAN_header, 0)) {
+		stbi__rewind(p->s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (x) *x = p->s->img_x;
+	if (y) *y = p->s->img_y;
+	if (comp) *comp = p->s->img_n;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__png_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	stbi__png p;
+	p.s = s;
+	return stbi__png_info_raw(&p, x, y, comp);
+}
+
+static int stbi__png_is16(stbi__context * s) {
+	stbi__png p;
+	p.s = s;
+	if (!stbi__png_info_raw(&p, NULL, NULL, NULL)) return 0;
+	if (p.depth != 16) {
+		stbi__rewind(p.s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Microsoft/Windows BMP image
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
+static int stbi__bmp_test_raw(stbi__context * s) {
+	int r;
+	int sz;
+	if (stbi__get8(s) != 'B') return 0;
+	if (stbi__get8(s) != 'M') return 0;
+	stbi__get32le(s); // discard filesize
+	stbi__get16le(s); // discard reserved
+	stbi__get16le(s); // discard reserved
+	stbi__get32le(s); // discard data offset
+	sz = stbi__get32le(s);
+	r = (sz == 12 || sz == 40 || sz == 56 || sz == 108 || sz == 124);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int stbi__bmp_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	int r = stbi__bmp_test_raw(s);
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	return r;
+}
+
+// returns 0..31 for the highest set bit
+static int stbi__high_bit(unsigned int z) {
+	int n = 0;
+	if (z == 0) return -1;
+	if (z >= 0x10000) {
+		n += 16;
+		z >>= 16;
+	}
+	if (z >= 0x00100) {
+		n += 8;
+		z >>= 8;
+	}
+	if (z >= 0x00010) {
+		n += 4;
+		z >>= 4;
+	}
+	if (z >= 0x00004) {
+		n += 2;
+		z >>= 2;
+	}
+	if (z >= 0x00002) {
+		n += 1; /* >>=  1;*/
+	}
+	return n;
+}
+
+static int stbi__bitcount(unsigned int a) {
+	a = (a & 0x55555555) + ((a >> 1) & 0x55555555); // max 2
+	a = (a & 0x33333333) + ((a >> 2) & 0x33333333); // max 4
+	a = (a + (a >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f; // max 8 per 4, now 8 bits
+	a = (a + (a >> 8)); // max 16 per 8 bits
+	a = (a + (a >> 16)); // max 32 per 8 bits
+	return a & 0xff;
+}
+
+// extract an arbitrarily-aligned N-bit value (N=bits)
+// from v, and then make it 8-bits long and fractionally
+// extend it to full full range.
+static int stbi__shiftsigned(unsigned int v, int shift, int bits) {
+	static unsigned int mul_table[9] = {
+		0,
+		0xff /*0b11111111*/,
+		0x55 /*0b01010101*/,
+		0x49 /*0b01001001*/,
+		0x11 /*0b00010001*/,
+		0x21 /*0b00100001*/,
+		0x41 /*0b01000001*/,
+		0x81 /*0b10000001*/,
+		0x01 /*0b00000001*/,
+	};
+	static unsigned int shift_table[9] = {
+		0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 6, 0,
+	};
+	if (shift < 0) v <<= -shift;
+	else v >>= shift;
+	STBI_ASSERT(v < 256);
+	v >>= (8 - bits);
+	STBI_ASSERT(bits >= 0 && bits <= 8);
+	return (int) ((unsigned) v * mul_table[bits]) >> shift_table[bits];
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+	int bpp, offset, hsz;
+	unsigned int mr, mg, mb, ma, all_a;
+	int extra_read;
+} stbi__bmp_data;
+
+static int stbi__bmp_set_mask_defaults(stbi__bmp_data * info, int compress) {
+	// BI_BITFIELDS specifies masks explicitly, don't override
+	if (compress == 3) return 1;
+
+	if (compress == 0) {
+		if (info->bpp == 16) {
+			info->mr = 31u << 10;
+			info->mg = 31u << 5;
+			info->mb = 31u << 0;
+		} else if (info->bpp == 32) {
+			info->mr = 0xffu << 16;
+			info->mg = 0xffu << 8;
+			info->mb = 0xffu << 0;
+			info->ma = 0xffu << 24;
+			info->all_a
+				= 0; // if all_a is 0 at end, then we loaded alpha channel but it was all 0
+		} else {
+			// otherwise, use defaults, which is all-0
+			info->mr = info->mg = info->mb = info->ma = 0;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0; // error
+}
+
+static void * stbi__bmp_parse_header(stbi__context * s, stbi__bmp_data * info) {
+	int hsz;
+	if (stbi__get8(s) != 'B' || stbi__get8(s) != 'M')
+		return stbi__errpuc("not BMP", "Corrupt BMP");
+	stbi__get32le(s); // discard filesize
+	stbi__get16le(s); // discard reserved
+	stbi__get16le(s); // discard reserved
+	info->offset = stbi__get32le(s);
+	info->hsz = hsz = stbi__get32le(s);
+	info->mr = info->mg = info->mb = info->ma = 0;
+	info->extra_read = 14;
+
+	if (info->offset < 0) return stbi__errpuc("bad BMP", "bad BMP");
+
+	if (hsz != 12 && hsz != 40 && hsz != 56 && hsz != 108 && hsz != 124)
+		return stbi__errpuc("unknown BMP", "BMP type not supported: unknown");
+	if (hsz == 12) {
+		s->img_x = stbi__get16le(s);
+		s->img_y = stbi__get16le(s);
+	} else {
+		s->img_x = stbi__get32le(s);
+		s->img_y = stbi__get32le(s);
+	}
+	if (stbi__get16le(s) != 1) return stbi__errpuc("bad BMP", "bad BMP");
+	info->bpp = stbi__get16le(s);
+	if (hsz != 12) {
+		int compress = stbi__get32le(s);
+		if (compress == 1 || compress == 2)
+			return stbi__errpuc("BMP RLE", "BMP type not supported: RLE");
+		if (compress >= 4)
+			return stbi__errpuc("BMP JPEG/PNG",
+								"BMP type not supported: unsupported "
+								"compression"); // this includes PNG/JPEG modes
+		if (compress == 3 && info->bpp != 16 && info->bpp != 32)
+			return stbi__errpuc(
+				"bad BMP", "bad BMP"); // bitfields requires 16 or 32 bits/pixel
+		stbi__get32le(s); // discard sizeof
+		stbi__get32le(s); // discard hres
+		stbi__get32le(s); // discard vres
+		stbi__get32le(s); // discard colorsused
+		stbi__get32le(s); // discard max important
+		if (hsz == 40 || hsz == 56) {
+			if (hsz == 56) {
+				stbi__get32le(s);
+				stbi__get32le(s);
+				stbi__get32le(s);
+				stbi__get32le(s);
+			}
+			if (info->bpp == 16 || info->bpp == 32) {
+				if (compress == 0) {
+					stbi__bmp_set_mask_defaults(info, compress);
+				} else if (compress == 3) {
+					info->mr = stbi__get32le(s);
+					info->mg = stbi__get32le(s);
+					info->mb = stbi__get32le(s);
+					info->extra_read += 12;
+					// not documented, but generated by photoshop and handled by mspaint
+					if (info->mr == info->mg && info->mg == info->mb) {
+						// ?!?!?
+						return stbi__errpuc("bad BMP", "bad BMP");
+					}
+				} else return stbi__errpuc("bad BMP", "bad BMP");
+			}
+		} else {
+			// V4/V5 header
+			int i;
+			if (hsz != 108 && hsz != 124)
+				return stbi__errpuc("bad BMP", "bad BMP");
+			info->mr = stbi__get32le(s);
+			info->mg = stbi__get32le(s);
+			info->mb = stbi__get32le(s);
+			info->ma = stbi__get32le(s);
+			if (compress
+				!= 3) // override mr/mg/mb unless in BI_BITFIELDS mode, as per docs
+				stbi__bmp_set_mask_defaults(info, compress);
+			stbi__get32le(s); // discard color space
+			for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
+				stbi__get32le(s); // discard color space parameters
+			if (hsz == 124) {
+				stbi__get32le(s); // discard rendering intent
+				stbi__get32le(s); // discard offset of profile data
+				stbi__get32le(s); // discard size of profile data
+				stbi__get32le(s); // discard reserved
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return (void *) 1;
+}
+
+static void * stbi__bmp_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	stbi_uc * out;
+	unsigned int mr = 0, mg = 0, mb = 0, ma = 0, all_a;
+	stbi_uc pal[256][4];
+	int psize = 0, i, j, width;
+	int flip_vertically, pad, target;
+	stbi__bmp_data info;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(ri);
+
+	info.all_a = 255;
+	if (stbi__bmp_parse_header(s, &info) == NULL)
+		return NULL; // error code already set
+
+	flip_vertically = ((int) s->img_y) > 0;
+	s->img_y = abs((int) s->img_y);
+
+	if (s->img_y > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	if (s->img_x > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+
+	mr = info.mr;
+	mg = info.mg;
+	mb = info.mb;
+	ma = info.ma;
+	all_a = info.all_a;
+
+	if (info.hsz == 12) {
+		if (info.bpp < 24) psize = (info.offset - info.extra_read - 24) / 3;
+	} else {
+		if (info.bpp < 16)
+			psize = (info.offset - info.extra_read - info.hsz) >> 2;
+	}
+	if (psize == 0) {
+		// accept some number of extra bytes after the header, but if the offset points either to before
+		// the header ends or implies a large amount of extra data, reject the file as malformed
+		int bytes_read_so_far
+			= s->callback_already_read
+			  + (int) (s->img_buffer - s->img_buffer_original);
+		int header_limit
+			= 1024; // max we actually read is below 256 bytes currently.
+		int extra_data_limit
+			= 256
+			  * 4; // what ordinarily goes here is a palette; 256 entries*4 bytes is its max size.
+		if (bytes_read_so_far <= 0 || bytes_read_so_far > header_limit) {
+			return stbi__errpuc("bad header", "Corrupt BMP");
+		}
+		// we established that bytes_read_so_far is positive and sensible.
+		// the first half of this test rejects offsets that are either too small positives, or
+		// negative, and guarantees that info.offset >= bytes_read_so_far > 0. this in turn
+		// ensures the number computed in the second half of the test can't overflow.
+		if (info.offset < bytes_read_so_far
+			|| info.offset - bytes_read_so_far > extra_data_limit) {
+			return stbi__errpuc("bad offset", "Corrupt BMP");
+		} else {
+			stbi__skip(s, info.offset - bytes_read_so_far);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (info.bpp == 24 && ma == 0xff000000) s->img_n = 3;
+	else s->img_n = ma ? 4 : 3;
+	if (req_comp && req_comp >= 3) // we can directly decode 3 or 4
+		target = req_comp;
+	else target = s->img_n; // if they want monochrome, we'll post-convert
+
+	// sanity-check size
+	if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(target, s->img_x, s->img_y, 0))
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Corrupt BMP");
+
+	out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad3(target, s->img_x, s->img_y, 0);
+	if (!out) return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	if (info.bpp < 16) {
+		int z = 0;
+		if (psize == 0 || psize > 256) {
+			STBI_FREE(out);
+			return stbi__errpuc("invalid", "Corrupt BMP");
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < psize; ++i) {
+			pal[i][2] = stbi__get8(s);
+			pal[i][1] = stbi__get8(s);
+			pal[i][0] = stbi__get8(s);
+			if (info.hsz != 12) stbi__get8(s);
+			pal[i][3] = 255;
+		}
+		stbi__skip(s, info.offset - info.extra_read - info.hsz
+						  - psize * (info.hsz == 12 ? 3 : 4));
+		if (info.bpp == 1) width = (s->img_x + 7) >> 3;
+		else if (info.bpp == 4) width = (s->img_x + 1) >> 1;
+		else if (info.bpp == 8) width = s->img_x;
+		else {
+			STBI_FREE(out);
+			return stbi__errpuc("bad bpp", "Corrupt BMP");
+		}
+		pad = (-width) & 3;
+		if (info.bpp == 1) {
+			for (j = 0; j < (int) s->img_y; ++j) {
+				int bit_offset = 7, v = stbi__get8(s);
+				for (i = 0; i < (int) s->img_x; ++i) {
+					int color = (v >> bit_offset) & 0x1;
+					out[z++] = pal[color][0];
+					out[z++] = pal[color][1];
+					out[z++] = pal[color][2];
+					if (target == 4) out[z++] = 255;
+					if (i + 1 == (int) s->img_x) break;
+					if ((--bit_offset) < 0) {
+						bit_offset = 7;
+						v = stbi__get8(s);
+					}
+				}
+				stbi__skip(s, pad);
+			}
+		} else {
+			for (j = 0; j < (int) s->img_y; ++j) {
+				for (i = 0; i < (int) s->img_x; i += 2) {
+					int v = stbi__get8(s), v2 = 0;
+					if (info.bpp == 4) {
+						v2 = v & 15;
+						v >>= 4;
+					}
+					out[z++] = pal[v][0];
+					out[z++] = pal[v][1];
+					out[z++] = pal[v][2];
+					if (target == 4) out[z++] = 255;
+					if (i + 1 == (int) s->img_x) break;
+					v = (info.bpp == 8) ? stbi__get8(s) : v2;
+					out[z++] = pal[v][0];
+					out[z++] = pal[v][1];
+					out[z++] = pal[v][2];
+					if (target == 4) out[z++] = 255;
+				}
+				stbi__skip(s, pad);
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		int rshift = 0, gshift = 0, bshift = 0, ashift = 0, rcount = 0,
+			gcount = 0, bcount = 0, acount = 0;
+		int z = 0;
+		int easy = 0;
+		stbi__skip(s, info.offset - info.extra_read - info.hsz);
+		if (info.bpp == 24) width = 3 * s->img_x;
+		else if (info.bpp == 16) width = 2 * s->img_x;
+		else /* bpp = 32 and pad = 0 */ width = 0;
+		pad = (-width) & 3;
+		if (info.bpp == 24) {
+			easy = 1;
+		} else if (info.bpp == 32) {
+			if (mb == 0xff && mg == 0xff00 && mr == 0x00ff0000
+				&& ma == 0xff000000)
+				easy = 2;
+		}
+		if (!easy) {
+			if (!mr || !mg || !mb) {
+				STBI_FREE(out);
+				return stbi__errpuc("bad masks", "Corrupt BMP");
+			}
+			// right shift amt to put high bit in position #7
+			rshift = stbi__high_bit(mr) - 7;
+			rcount = stbi__bitcount(mr);
+			gshift = stbi__high_bit(mg) - 7;
+			gcount = stbi__bitcount(mg);
+			bshift = stbi__high_bit(mb) - 7;
+			bcount = stbi__bitcount(mb);
+			ashift = stbi__high_bit(ma) - 7;
+			acount = stbi__bitcount(ma);
+			if (rcount > 8 || gcount > 8 || bcount > 8 || acount > 8) {
+				STBI_FREE(out);
+				return stbi__errpuc("bad masks", "Corrupt BMP");
+			}
+		}
+		for (j = 0; j < (int) s->img_y; ++j) {
+			if (easy) {
+				for (i = 0; i < (int) s->img_x; ++i) {
+					unsigned char a;
+					out[z + 2] = stbi__get8(s);
+					out[z + 1] = stbi__get8(s);
+					out[z + 0] = stbi__get8(s);
+					z += 3;
+					a = (easy == 2 ? stbi__get8(s) : 255);
+					all_a |= a;
+					if (target == 4) out[z++] = a;
+				}
+			} else {
+				int bpp = info.bpp;
+				for (i = 0; i < (int) s->img_x; ++i) {
+					stbi__uint32 v
+						= (bpp == 16 ? (stbi__uint32) stbi__get16le(s)
+									 : stbi__get32le(s));
+					unsigned int a;
+					out[z++] = STBI__BYTECAST(
+						stbi__shiftsigned(v & mr, rshift, rcount));
+					out[z++] = STBI__BYTECAST(
+						stbi__shiftsigned(v & mg, gshift, gcount));
+					out[z++] = STBI__BYTECAST(
+						stbi__shiftsigned(v & mb, bshift, bcount));
+					a = (ma ? stbi__shiftsigned(v & ma, ashift, acount) : 255);
+					all_a |= a;
+					if (target == 4) out[z++] = STBI__BYTECAST(a);
+				}
+			}
+			stbi__skip(s, pad);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// if alpha channel is all 0s, replace with all 255s
+	if (target == 4 && all_a == 0)
+		for (i = 4 * s->img_x * s->img_y - 1; i >= 0; i -= 4) out[i] = 255;
+
+	if (flip_vertically) {
+		stbi_uc t;
+		for (j = 0; j < (int) s->img_y >> 1; ++j) {
+			stbi_uc * p1 = out + j * s->img_x * target;
+			stbi_uc * p2 = out + (s->img_y - 1 - j) * s->img_x * target;
+			for (i = 0; i < (int) s->img_x * target; ++i) {
+				t = p1[i];
+				p1[i] = p2[i];
+				p2[i] = t;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (req_comp && req_comp != target) {
+		out = stbi__convert_format(out, target, req_comp, s->img_x, s->img_y);
+		if (out == NULL)
+			return out; // stbi__convert_format frees input on failure
+	}
+
+	*x = s->img_x;
+	*y = s->img_y;
+	if (comp) *comp = s->img_n;
+	return out;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Targa Truevision - TGA
+// by Jonathan Dummer
+#ifndef STBI_NO_TGA
+// returns STBI_rgb or whatever, 0 on error
+static int stbi__tga_get_comp(int bits_per_pixel, int is_grey, int * is_rgb16) {
+	// only RGB or RGBA (incl. 16bit) or grey allowed
+	if (is_rgb16) *is_rgb16 = 0;
+	switch (bits_per_pixel) {
+		case 8:
+			return STBI_grey;
+		case 16:
+			if (is_grey) return STBI_grey_alpha;
+			// fallthrough
+		case 15:
+			if (is_rgb16) *is_rgb16 = 1;
+			return STBI_rgb;
+		case 24: // fallthrough
+		case 32:
+			return bits_per_pixel / 8;
+		default:
+			return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int stbi__tga_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	int tga_w, tga_h, tga_comp, tga_image_type, tga_bits_per_pixel,
+		tga_colormap_bpp;
+	int sz, tga_colormap_type;
+	stbi__get8(s); // discard Offset
+	tga_colormap_type = stbi__get8(s); // colormap type
+	if (tga_colormap_type > 1) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0; // only RGB or indexed allowed
+	}
+	tga_image_type = stbi__get8(s); // image type
+	if (tga_colormap_type == 1) { // colormapped (paletted) image
+		if (tga_image_type != 1 && tga_image_type != 9) {
+			stbi__rewind(s);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		stbi__skip(
+			s, 4); // skip index of first colormap entry and number of entries
+		sz = stbi__get8(s); //   check bits per palette color entry
+		if ((sz != 8) && (sz != 15) && (sz != 16) && (sz != 24) && (sz != 32)) {
+			stbi__rewind(s);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		stbi__skip(s, 4); // skip image x and y origin
+		tga_colormap_bpp = sz;
+	} else { // "normal" image w/o colormap - only RGB or grey allowed, +/- RLE
+		if ((tga_image_type != 2) && (tga_image_type != 3)
+			&& (tga_image_type != 10) && (tga_image_type != 11)) {
+			stbi__rewind(s);
+			return 0; // only RGB or grey allowed, +/- RLE
+		}
+		stbi__skip(s, 9); // skip colormap specification and image x/y origin
+		tga_colormap_bpp = 0;
+	}
+	tga_w = stbi__get16le(s);
+	if (tga_w < 1) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0; // test width
+	}
+	tga_h = stbi__get16le(s);
+	if (tga_h < 1) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0; // test height
+	}
+	tga_bits_per_pixel = stbi__get8(s); // bits per pixel
+	stbi__get8(s); // ignore alpha bits
+	if (tga_colormap_bpp != 0) {
+		if ((tga_bits_per_pixel != 8) && (tga_bits_per_pixel != 16)) {
+			// when using a colormap, tga_bits_per_pixel is the size of the indexes
+			// I don't think anything but 8 or 16bit indexes makes sense
+			stbi__rewind(s);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		tga_comp = stbi__tga_get_comp(tga_colormap_bpp, 0, NULL);
+	} else {
+		tga_comp = stbi__tga_get_comp(
+			tga_bits_per_pixel, (tga_image_type == 3) || (tga_image_type == 11),
+			NULL);
+	}
+	if (!tga_comp) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (x) *x = tga_w;
+	if (y) *y = tga_h;
+	if (comp) *comp = tga_comp;
+	return 1; // seems to have passed everything
+}
+
+static int stbi__tga_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	int res = 0;
+	int sz, tga_color_type;
+	stbi__get8(s); //   discard Offset
+	tga_color_type = stbi__get8(s); //   color type
+	if (tga_color_type > 1) goto errorEnd; //   only RGB or indexed allowed
+	sz = stbi__get8(s); //   image type
+	if (tga_color_type == 1) { // colormapped (paletted) image
+		if (sz != 1 && sz != 9)
+			goto errorEnd; // colortype 1 demands image type 1 or 9
+		stbi__skip(
+			s, 4); // skip index of first colormap entry and number of entries
+		sz = stbi__get8(s); //   check bits per palette color entry
+		if ((sz != 8) && (sz != 15) && (sz != 16) && (sz != 24) && (sz != 32))
+			goto errorEnd;
+		stbi__skip(s, 4); // skip image x and y origin
+	} else { // "normal" image w/o colormap
+		if ((sz != 2) && (sz != 3) && (sz != 10) && (sz != 11))
+			goto errorEnd; // only RGB or grey allowed, +/- RLE
+		stbi__skip(s, 9); // skip colormap specification and image x/y origin
+	}
+	if (stbi__get16le(s) < 1) goto errorEnd; //   test width
+	if (stbi__get16le(s) < 1) goto errorEnd; //   test height
+	sz = stbi__get8(s); //   bits per pixel
+	if ((tga_color_type == 1) && (sz != 8) && (sz != 16))
+		goto errorEnd; // for colormapped images, bpp is size of an index
+	if ((sz != 8) && (sz != 15) && (sz != 16) && (sz != 24) && (sz != 32))
+		goto errorEnd;
+
+	res = 1; // if we got this far, everything's good and we can return 1 instead of 0
+
+errorEnd:
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	return res;
+}
+
+// read 16bit value and convert to 24bit RGB
+static void stbi__tga_read_rgb16(stbi__context * s, stbi_uc * out) {
+	stbi__uint16 px = (stbi__uint16) stbi__get16le(s);
+	stbi__uint16 fiveBitMask = 31;
+	// we have 3 channels with 5bits each
+	int r = (px >> 10) & fiveBitMask;
+	int g = (px >> 5) & fiveBitMask;
+	int b = px & fiveBitMask;
+	// Note that this saves the data in RGB(A) order, so it doesn't need to be swapped later
+	out[0] = (stbi_uc) ((r * 255) / 31);
+	out[1] = (stbi_uc) ((g * 255) / 31);
+	out[2] = (stbi_uc) ((b * 255) / 31);
+
+	// some people claim that the most significant bit might be used for alpha
+	// (possibly if an alpha-bit is set in the "image descriptor byte")
+	// but that only made 16bit test images completely translucent..
+	// so let's treat all 15 and 16bit TGAs as RGB with no alpha.
+}
+
+static void * stbi__tga_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	//   read in the TGA header stuff
+	int tga_offset = stbi__get8(s);
+	int tga_indexed = stbi__get8(s);
+	int tga_image_type = stbi__get8(s);
+	int tga_is_RLE = 0;
+	int tga_palette_start = stbi__get16le(s);
+	int tga_palette_len = stbi__get16le(s);
+	int tga_palette_bits = stbi__get8(s);
+	int tga_x_origin = stbi__get16le(s);
+	int tga_y_origin = stbi__get16le(s);
+	int tga_width = stbi__get16le(s);
+	int tga_height = stbi__get16le(s);
+	int tga_bits_per_pixel = stbi__get8(s);
+	int tga_comp, tga_rgb16 = 0;
+	int tga_inverted = stbi__get8(s);
+	// int tga_alpha_bits = tga_inverted & 15; // the 4 lowest bits - unused (useless?)
+	//   image data
+	unsigned char * tga_data;
+	unsigned char * tga_palette = NULL;
+	int i, j;
+	unsigned char raw_data[4] = {0};
+	int RLE_count = 0;
+	int RLE_repeating = 0;
+	int read_next_pixel = 1;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(ri);
+	STBI_NOTUSED(tga_x_origin); // @TODO
+	STBI_NOTUSED(tga_y_origin); // @TODO
+
+	if (tga_height > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	if (tga_width > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+
+	//   do a tiny bit of precessing
+	if (tga_image_type >= 8) {
+		tga_image_type -= 8;
+		tga_is_RLE = 1;
+	}
+	tga_inverted = 1 - ((tga_inverted >> 5) & 1);
+
+	//   If I'm paletted, then I'll use the number of bits from the palette
+	if (tga_indexed)
+		tga_comp = stbi__tga_get_comp(tga_palette_bits, 0, &tga_rgb16);
+	else
+		tga_comp = stbi__tga_get_comp(tga_bits_per_pixel, (tga_image_type == 3),
+									  &tga_rgb16);
+
+	if (!tga_comp) // shouldn't really happen, stbi__tga_test() should have ensured basic consistency
+		return stbi__errpuc("bad format", "Can't find out TGA pixelformat");
+
+	//   tga info
+	*x = tga_width;
+	*y = tga_height;
+	if (comp) *comp = tga_comp;
+
+	if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(tga_width, tga_height, tga_comp, 0))
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Corrupt TGA");
+
+	tga_data = (unsigned char *) stbi__malloc_mad3(tga_width, tga_height,
+												   tga_comp, 0);
+	if (!tga_data) return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+	// skip to the data's starting position (offset usually = 0)
+	stbi__skip(s, tga_offset);
+
+	if (!tga_indexed && !tga_is_RLE && !tga_rgb16) {
+		for (i = 0; i < tga_height; ++i) {
+			int row = tga_inverted ? tga_height - i - 1 : i;
+			stbi_uc * tga_row = tga_data + row * tga_width * tga_comp;
+			stbi__getn(s, tga_row, tga_width * tga_comp);
+		}
+	} else {
+		//   do I need to load a palette?
+		if (tga_indexed) {
+			if (tga_palette_len
+				== 0) { /* you have to have at least one entry! */
+				STBI_FREE(tga_data);
+				return stbi__errpuc("bad palette", "Corrupt TGA");
+			}
+
+			//   any data to skip? (offset usually = 0)
+			stbi__skip(s, tga_palette_start);
+			//   load the palette
+			tga_palette = (unsigned char *) stbi__malloc_mad2(tga_palette_len,
+															  tga_comp, 0);
+			if (!tga_palette) {
+				STBI_FREE(tga_data);
+				return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+			}
+			if (tga_rgb16) {
+				stbi_uc * pal_entry = tga_palette;
+				STBI_ASSERT(tga_comp == STBI_rgb);
+				for (i = 0; i < tga_palette_len; ++i) {
+					stbi__tga_read_rgb16(s, pal_entry);
+					pal_entry += tga_comp;
+				}
+			} else if (!stbi__getn(s, tga_palette,
+								   tga_palette_len * tga_comp)) {
+				STBI_FREE(tga_data);
+				STBI_FREE(tga_palette);
+				return stbi__errpuc("bad palette", "Corrupt TGA");
+			}
+		}
+		//   load the data
+		for (i = 0; i < tga_width * tga_height; ++i) {
+			//   if I'm in RLE mode, do I need to get a RLE stbi__pngchunk?
+			if (tga_is_RLE) {
+				if (RLE_count == 0) {
+					//   yep, get the next byte as a RLE command
+					int RLE_cmd = stbi__get8(s);
+					RLE_count = 1 + (RLE_cmd & 127);
+					RLE_repeating = RLE_cmd >> 7;
+					read_next_pixel = 1;
+				} else if (!RLE_repeating) {
+					read_next_pixel = 1;
+				}
+			} else {
+				read_next_pixel = 1;
+			}
+			//   OK, if I need to read a pixel, do it now
+			if (read_next_pixel) {
+				//   load however much data we did have
+				if (tga_indexed) {
+					// read in index, then perform the lookup
+					int pal_idx = (tga_bits_per_pixel == 8) ? stbi__get8(s)
+															: stbi__get16le(s);
+					if (pal_idx >= tga_palette_len) {
+						// invalid index
+						pal_idx = 0;
+					}
+					pal_idx *= tga_comp;
+					for (j = 0; j < tga_comp; ++j) {
+						raw_data[j] = tga_palette[pal_idx + j];
+					}
+				} else if (tga_rgb16) {
+					STBI_ASSERT(tga_comp == STBI_rgb);
+					stbi__tga_read_rgb16(s, raw_data);
+				} else {
+					//   read in the data raw
+					for (j = 0; j < tga_comp; ++j) {
+						raw_data[j] = stbi__get8(s);
+					}
+				}
+				//   clear the reading flag for the next pixel
+				read_next_pixel = 0;
+			} // end of reading a pixel
+
+			// copy data
+			for (j = 0; j < tga_comp; ++j)
+				tga_data[i * tga_comp + j] = raw_data[j];
+
+			//   in case we're in RLE mode, keep counting down
+			--RLE_count;
+		}
+		//   do I need to invert the image?
+		if (tga_inverted) {
+			for (j = 0; j * 2 < tga_height; ++j) {
+				int index1 = j * tga_width * tga_comp;
+				int index2 = (tga_height - 1 - j) * tga_width * tga_comp;
+				for (i = tga_width * tga_comp; i > 0; --i) {
+					unsigned char temp = tga_data[index1];
+					tga_data[index1] = tga_data[index2];
+					tga_data[index2] = temp;
+					++index1;
+					++index2;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//   clear my palette, if I had one
+		if (tga_palette != NULL) {
+			STBI_FREE(tga_palette);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// swap RGB - if the source data was RGB16, it already is in the right order
+	if (tga_comp >= 3 && !tga_rgb16) {
+		unsigned char * tga_pixel = tga_data;
+		for (i = 0; i < tga_width * tga_height; ++i) {
+			unsigned char temp = tga_pixel[0];
+			tga_pixel[0] = tga_pixel[2];
+			tga_pixel[2] = temp;
+			tga_pixel += tga_comp;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// convert to target component count
+	if (req_comp && req_comp != tga_comp)
+		tga_data = stbi__convert_format(tga_data, tga_comp, req_comp, tga_width,
+										tga_height);
+
+	//   the things I do to get rid of an error message, and yet keep
+	//   Microsoft's C compilers happy... [8^(
+	tga_palette_start = tga_palette_len = tga_palette_bits = tga_x_origin
+		= tga_y_origin = 0;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(tga_palette_start);
+	//   OK, done
+	return tga_data;
+}
+#endif
+
+// *************************************************************************************************
+// Photoshop PSD loader -- PD by Thatcher Ulrich, integration by Nicolas Schulz, tweaked by STB
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
+static int stbi__psd_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	int r = (stbi__get32be(s) == 0x38425053);
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int stbi__psd_decode_rle(stbi__context * s, stbi_uc * p,
+								int pixelCount) {
+	int count, nleft, len;
+
+	count = 0;
+	while ((nleft = pixelCount - count) > 0) {
+		len = stbi__get8(s);
+		if (len == 128) {
+			// No-op.
+		} else if (len < 128) {
+			// Copy next len+1 bytes literally.
+			len++;
+			if (len > nleft) return 0; // corrupt data
+			count += len;
+			while (len) {
+				*p = stbi__get8(s);
+				p += 4;
+				len--;
+			}
+		} else if (len > 128) {
+			stbi_uc val;
+			// Next -len+1 bytes in the dest are replicated from next source byte.
+			// (Interpret len as a negative 8-bit int.)
+			len = 257 - len;
+			if (len > nleft) return 0; // corrupt data
+			val = stbi__get8(s);
+			count += len;
+			while (len) {
+				*p = val;
+				p += 4;
+				len--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void * stbi__psd_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri, int bpc) {
+	int pixelCount;
+	int channelCount, compression;
+	int channel, i;
+	int bitdepth;
+	int w, h;
+	stbi_uc * out;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(ri);
+
+	// Check identifier
+	if (stbi__get32be(s) != 0x38425053) // "8BPS"
+		return stbi__errpuc("not PSD", "Corrupt PSD image");
+
+	// Check file type version.
+	if (stbi__get16be(s) != 1)
+		return stbi__errpuc("wrong version",
+							"Unsupported version of PSD image");
+
+	// Skip 6 reserved bytes.
+	stbi__skip(s, 6);
+
+	// Read the number of channels (R, G, B, A, etc).
+	channelCount = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (channelCount < 0 || channelCount > 16)
+		return stbi__errpuc("wrong channel count",
+							"Unsupported number of channels in PSD image");
+
+	// Read the rows and columns of the image.
+	h = stbi__get32be(s);
+	w = stbi__get32be(s);
+
+	if (h > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	if (w > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+
+	// Make sure the depth is 8 bits.
+	bitdepth = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (bitdepth != 8 && bitdepth != 16)
+		return stbi__errpuc("unsupported bit depth",
+							"PSD bit depth is not 8 or 16 bit");
+
+	// Make sure the color mode is RGB.
+	// Valid options are:
+	//   0: Bitmap
+	//   1: Grayscale
+	//   2: Indexed color
+	//   3: RGB color
+	//   4: CMYK color
+	//   7: Multichannel
+	//   8: Duotone
+	//   9: Lab color
+	if (stbi__get16be(s) != 3)
+		return stbi__errpuc("wrong color format",
+							"PSD is not in RGB color format");
+
+	// Skip the Mode Data.  (It's the palette for indexed color; other info for other modes.)
+	stbi__skip(s, stbi__get32be(s));
+
+	// Skip the image resources.  (resolution, pen tool paths, etc)
+	stbi__skip(s, stbi__get32be(s));
+
+	// Skip the reserved data.
+	stbi__skip(s, stbi__get32be(s));
+
+	// Find out if the data is compressed.
+	// Known values:
+	//   0: no compression
+	//   1: RLE compressed
+	compression = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (compression > 1)
+		return stbi__errpuc("bad compression",
+							"PSD has an unknown compression format");
+
+	// Check size
+	if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(4, w, h, 0))
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Corrupt PSD");
+
+	// Create the destination image.
+
+	if (!compression && bitdepth == 16 && bpc == 16) {
+		out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad3(8, w, h, 0);
+		ri->bits_per_channel = 16;
+	} else out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc(4 * w * h);
+
+	if (!out) return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	pixelCount = w * h;
+
+	// Initialize the data to zero.
+	//memset( out, 0, pixelCount * 4 );
+
+	// Finally, the image data.
+	if (compression) {
+		// RLE as used by .PSD and .TIFF
+		// Loop until you get the number of unpacked bytes you are expecting:
+		//     Read the next source byte into n.
+		//     If n is between 0 and 127 inclusive, copy the next n+1 bytes literally.
+		//     Else if n is between -127 and -1 inclusive, copy the next byte -n+1 times.
+		//     Else if n is 128, noop.
+		// Endloop
+
+		// The RLE-compressed data is preceded by a 2-byte data count for each row in the data,
+		// which we're going to just skip.
+		stbi__skip(s, h * channelCount * 2);
+
+		// Read the RLE data by channel.
+		for (channel = 0; channel < 4; channel++) {
+			stbi_uc * p;
+
+			p = out + channel;
+			if (channel >= channelCount) {
+				// Fill this channel with default data.
+				for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, p += 4)
+					*p = (channel == 3 ? 255 : 0);
+			} else {
+				// Read the RLE data.
+				if (!stbi__psd_decode_rle(s, p, pixelCount)) {
+					STBI_FREE(out);
+					return stbi__errpuc("corrupt", "bad RLE data");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		// We're at the raw image data.  It's each channel in order (Red, Green, Blue, Alpha, ...)
+		// where each channel consists of an 8-bit (or 16-bit) value for each pixel in the image.
+
+		// Read the data by channel.
+		for (channel = 0; channel < 4; channel++) {
+			if (channel >= channelCount) {
+				// Fill this channel with default data.
+				if (bitdepth == 16 && bpc == 16) {
+					stbi__uint16 * q = ((stbi__uint16 *) out) + channel;
+					stbi__uint16 val = channel == 3 ? 65535 : 0;
+					for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, q += 4) *q = val;
+				} else {
+					stbi_uc * p = out + channel;
+					stbi_uc val = channel == 3 ? 255 : 0;
+					for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, p += 4) *p = val;
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (ri->bits_per_channel == 16) { // output bpc
+					stbi__uint16 * q = ((stbi__uint16 *) out) + channel;
+					for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, q += 4)
+						*q = (stbi__uint16) stbi__get16be(s);
+				} else {
+					stbi_uc * p = out + channel;
+					if (bitdepth == 16) { // input bpc
+						for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, p += 4)
+							*p = (stbi_uc) (stbi__get16be(s) >> 8);
+					} else {
+						for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, p += 4)
+							*p = stbi__get8(s);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// remove weird white matte from PSD
+	if (channelCount >= 4) {
+		if (ri->bits_per_channel == 16) {
+			for (i = 0; i < w * h; ++i) {
+				stbi__uint16 * pixel = (stbi__uint16 *) out + 4 * i;
+				if (pixel[3] != 0 && pixel[3] != 65535) {
+					float a = pixel[3] / 65535.0f;
+					float ra = 1.0f / a;
+					float inv_a = 65535.0f * (1 - ra);
+					pixel[0] = (stbi__uint16) (pixel[0] * ra + inv_a);
+					pixel[1] = (stbi__uint16) (pixel[1] * ra + inv_a);
+					pixel[2] = (stbi__uint16) (pixel[2] * ra + inv_a);
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			for (i = 0; i < w * h; ++i) {
+				unsigned char * pixel = out + 4 * i;
+				if (pixel[3] != 0 && pixel[3] != 255) {
+					float a = pixel[3] / 255.0f;
+					float ra = 1.0f / a;
+					float inv_a = 255.0f * (1 - ra);
+					pixel[0] = (unsigned char) (pixel[0] * ra + inv_a);
+					pixel[1] = (unsigned char) (pixel[1] * ra + inv_a);
+					pixel[2] = (unsigned char) (pixel[2] * ra + inv_a);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// convert to desired output format
+	if (req_comp && req_comp != 4) {
+		if (ri->bits_per_channel == 16)
+			out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__convert_format16((stbi__uint16 *) out, 4,
+													 req_comp, w, h);
+		else out = stbi__convert_format(out, 4, req_comp, w, h);
+		if (out == NULL)
+			return out; // stbi__convert_format frees input on failure
+	}
+
+	if (comp) *comp = 4;
+	*y = h;
+	*x = w;
+
+	return out;
+}
+#endif
+
+// *************************************************************************************************
+// Softimage PIC loader
+// by Tom Seddon
+//
+// See http://softimage.wiki.softimage.com/index.php/INFO:_PIC_file_format
+// See http://ozviz.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/dataformats/softimagepic/
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
+static int stbi__pic_is4(stbi__context * s, const char * str) {
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+		if (stbi__get8(s) != (stbi_uc) str[i]) return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__pic_test_core(stbi__context * s) {
+	int i;
+
+	if (!stbi__pic_is4(s, "\x53\x80\xF6\x34")) return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 84; ++i) stbi__get8(s);
+
+	if (!stbi__pic_is4(s, "PICT")) return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+	stbi_uc size, type, channel;
+} stbi__pic_packet;
+
+static stbi_uc * stbi__readval(stbi__context * s, int channel, stbi_uc * dest) {
+	int mask = 0x80, i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i, mask >>= 1) {
+		if (channel & mask) {
+			if (stbi__at_eof(s))
+				return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "PIC file too short");
+			dest[i] = stbi__get8(s);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dest;
+}
+
+static void stbi__copyval(int channel, stbi_uc * dest, const stbi_uc * src) {
+	int mask = 0x80, i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i, mask >>= 1)
+		if (channel & mask) dest[i] = src[i];
+}
+
+static stbi_uc * stbi__pic_load_core(stbi__context * s, int width, int height,
+									 int * comp, stbi_uc * result) {
+	int act_comp = 0, num_packets = 0, y, chained;
+	stbi__pic_packet packets[10];
+
+	// this will (should...) cater for even some bizarre stuff like having data
+	// for the same channel in multiple packets.
+	do {
+		stbi__pic_packet * packet;
+
+		if (num_packets == sizeof(packets) / sizeof(packets[0]))
+			return stbi__errpuc("bad format", "too many packets");
+
+		packet = &packets[num_packets++];
+
+		chained = stbi__get8(s);
+		packet->size = stbi__get8(s);
+		packet->type = stbi__get8(s);
+		packet->channel = stbi__get8(s);
+
+		act_comp |= packet->channel;
+
+		if (stbi__at_eof(s))
+			return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "file too short (reading packets)");
+		if (packet->size != 8)
+			return stbi__errpuc("bad format", "packet isn't 8bpp");
+	} while (chained);
+
+	*comp = (act_comp & 0x10 ? 4 : 3); // has alpha channel?
+
+	for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+		int packet_idx;
+
+		for (packet_idx = 0; packet_idx < num_packets; ++packet_idx) {
+			stbi__pic_packet * packet = &packets[packet_idx];
+			stbi_uc * dest = result + y * width * 4;
+
+			switch (packet->type) {
+				default:
+					return stbi__errpuc("bad format",
+										"packet has bad compression type");
+
+				case 0: { //uncompressed
+					int x;
+
+					for (x = 0; x < width; ++x, dest += 4)
+						if (!stbi__readval(s, packet->channel, dest)) return 0;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				case 1: //Pure RLE
+				{
+					int left = width, i;
+
+					while (left > 0) {
+						stbi_uc count, value[4];
+
+						count = stbi__get8(s);
+						if (stbi__at_eof(s))
+							return stbi__errpuc(
+								"bad file", "file too short (pure read count)");
+
+						if (count > left) count = (stbi_uc) left;
+
+						if (!stbi__readval(s, packet->channel, value)) return 0;
+
+						for (i = 0; i < count; ++i, dest += 4)
+							stbi__copyval(packet->channel, dest, value);
+						left -= count;
+					}
+				} break;
+
+				case 2: { //Mixed RLE
+					int left = width;
+					while (left > 0) {
+						int count = stbi__get8(s), i;
+						if (stbi__at_eof(s))
+							return stbi__errpuc(
+								"bad file",
+								"file too short (mixed read count)");
+
+						if (count >= 128) { // Repeated
+							stbi_uc value[4];
+
+							if (count == 128) count = stbi__get16be(s);
+							else count -= 127;
+							if (count > left)
+								return stbi__errpuc("bad file",
+													"scanline overrun");
+
+							if (!stbi__readval(s, packet->channel, value))
+								return 0;
+
+							for (i = 0; i < count; ++i, dest += 4)
+								stbi__copyval(packet->channel, dest, value);
+						} else { // Raw
+							++count;
+							if (count > left)
+								return stbi__errpuc("bad file",
+													"scanline overrun");
+
+							for (i = 0; i < count; ++i, dest += 4)
+								if (!stbi__readval(s, packet->channel, dest))
+									return 0;
+						}
+						left -= count;
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void * stbi__pic_load(stbi__context * s, int * px, int * py, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	stbi_uc * result;
+	int i, x, y, internal_comp;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(ri);
+
+	if (!comp) comp = &internal_comp;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 92; ++i) stbi__get8(s);
+
+	x = stbi__get16be(s);
+	y = stbi__get16be(s);
+
+	if (y > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	if (x > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+
+	if (stbi__at_eof(s))
+		return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "file too short (pic header)");
+	if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(x, y, 4, 0))
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "PIC image too large to decode");
+
+	stbi__get32be(s); //skip `ratio'
+	stbi__get16be(s); //skip `fields'
+	stbi__get16be(s); //skip `pad'
+
+	// intermediate buffer is RGBA
+	result = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad3(x, y, 4, 0);
+	if (!result) return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	memset(result, 0xff, x * y * 4);
+
+	if (!stbi__pic_load_core(s, x, y, comp, result)) {
+		STBI_FREE(result);
+		result = 0;
+	}
+	*px = x;
+	*py = y;
+	if (req_comp == 0) req_comp = *comp;
+	result = stbi__convert_format(result, 4, req_comp, x, y);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int stbi__pic_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	int r = stbi__pic_test_core(s);
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+// *************************************************************************************************
+// GIF loader -- public domain by Jean-Marc Lienher -- simplified/shrunk by stb
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
+typedef struct {
+	stbi__int16 prefix;
+	stbi_uc first;
+	stbi_uc suffix;
+} stbi__gif_lzw;
+
+typedef struct {
+	int w, h;
+	stbi_uc * out; // output buffer (always 4 components)
+	stbi_uc *
+		background; // The current "background" as far as a gif is concerned
+	stbi_uc * history;
+	int flags, bgindex, ratio, transparent, eflags;
+	stbi_uc pal[256][4];
+	stbi_uc lpal[256][4];
+	stbi__gif_lzw codes[8192];
+	stbi_uc * color_table;
+	int parse, step;
+	int lflags;
+	int start_x, start_y;
+	int max_x, max_y;
+	int cur_x, cur_y;
+	int line_size;
+	int delay;
+} stbi__gif;
+
+static int stbi__gif_test_raw(stbi__context * s) {
+	int sz;
+	if (stbi__get8(s) != 'G' || stbi__get8(s) != 'I' || stbi__get8(s) != 'F'
+		|| stbi__get8(s) != '8')
+		return 0;
+	sz = stbi__get8(s);
+	if (sz != '9' && sz != '7') return 0;
+	if (stbi__get8(s) != 'a') return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__gif_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	int r = stbi__gif_test_raw(s);
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void stbi__gif_parse_colortable(stbi__context * s, stbi_uc pal[256][4],
+									   int num_entries, int transp) {
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < num_entries; ++i) {
+		pal[i][2] = stbi__get8(s);
+		pal[i][1] = stbi__get8(s);
+		pal[i][0] = stbi__get8(s);
+		pal[i][3] = transp == i ? 0 : 255;
+	}
+}
+
+static int stbi__gif_header(stbi__context * s, stbi__gif * g, int * comp,
+							int is_info) {
+	stbi_uc version;
+	if (stbi__get8(s) != 'G' || stbi__get8(s) != 'I' || stbi__get8(s) != 'F'
+		|| stbi__get8(s) != '8')
+		return stbi__err("not GIF", "Corrupt GIF");
+
+	version = stbi__get8(s);
+	if (version != '7' && version != '9')
+		return stbi__err("not GIF", "Corrupt GIF");
+	if (stbi__get8(s) != 'a') return stbi__err("not GIF", "Corrupt GIF");
+
+	stbi__g_failure_reason = "";
+	g->w = stbi__get16le(s);
+	g->h = stbi__get16le(s);
+	g->flags = stbi__get8(s);
+	g->bgindex = stbi__get8(s);
+	g->ratio = stbi__get8(s);
+	g->transparent = -1;
+
+	if (g->w > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__err("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	if (g->h > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__err("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+
+	if (comp != 0)
+		*comp
+			= 4; // can't actually tell whether it's 3 or 4 until we parse the comments
+
+	if (is_info) return 1;
+
+	if (g->flags & 0x80)
+		stbi__gif_parse_colortable(s, g->pal, 2 << (g->flags & 7), -1);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__gif_info_raw(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	stbi__gif * g = (stbi__gif *) stbi__malloc(sizeof(stbi__gif));
+	if (!g) return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	if (!stbi__gif_header(s, g, comp, 1)) {
+		STBI_FREE(g);
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (x) *x = g->w;
+	if (y) *y = g->h;
+	STBI_FREE(g);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void stbi__out_gif_code(stbi__gif * g, stbi__uint16 code) {
+	stbi_uc *p, *c;
+	int idx;
+
+	// recurse to decode the prefixes, since the linked-list is backwards,
+	// and working backwards through an interleaved image would be nasty
+	if (g->codes[code].prefix >= 0)
+		stbi__out_gif_code(g, g->codes[code].prefix);
+
+	if (g->cur_y >= g->max_y) return;
+
+	idx = g->cur_x + g->cur_y;
+	p = &g->out[idx];
+	g->history[idx / 4] = 1;
+
+	c = &g->color_table[g->codes[code].suffix * 4];
+	if (c[3] > 128) { // don't render transparent pixels;
+		p[0] = c[2];
+		p[1] = c[1];
+		p[2] = c[0];
+		p[3] = c[3];
+	}
+	g->cur_x += 4;
+
+	if (g->cur_x >= g->max_x) {
+		g->cur_x = g->start_x;
+		g->cur_y += g->step;
+
+		while (g->cur_y >= g->max_y && g->parse > 0) {
+			g->step = (1 << g->parse) * g->line_size;
+			g->cur_y = g->start_y + (g->step >> 1);
+			--g->parse;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static stbi_uc * stbi__process_gif_raster(stbi__context * s, stbi__gif * g) {
+	stbi_uc lzw_cs;
+	stbi__int32 len, init_code;
+	stbi__uint32 first;
+	stbi__int32 codesize, codemask, avail, oldcode, bits, valid_bits, clear;
+	stbi__gif_lzw * p;
+
+	lzw_cs = stbi__get8(s);
+	if (lzw_cs > 12) return NULL;
+	clear = 1 << lzw_cs;
+	first = 1;
+	codesize = lzw_cs + 1;
+	codemask = (1 << codesize) - 1;
+	bits = 0;
+	valid_bits = 0;
+	for (init_code = 0; init_code < clear; init_code++) {
+		g->codes[init_code].prefix = -1;
+		g->codes[init_code].first = (stbi_uc) init_code;
+		g->codes[init_code].suffix = (stbi_uc) init_code;
+	}
+
+	// support no starting clear code
+	avail = clear + 2;
+	oldcode = -1;
+
+	len = 0;
+	for (;;) {
+		if (valid_bits < codesize) {
+			if (len == 0) {
+				len = stbi__get8(s); // start new block
+				if (len == 0) return g->out;
+			}
+			--len;
+			bits |= (stbi__int32) stbi__get8(s) << valid_bits;
+			valid_bits += 8;
+		} else {
+			stbi__int32 code = bits & codemask;
+			bits >>= codesize;
+			valid_bits -= codesize;
+			// @OPTIMIZE: is there some way we can accelerate the non-clear path?
+			if (code == clear) { // clear code
+				codesize = lzw_cs + 1;
+				codemask = (1 << codesize) - 1;
+				avail = clear + 2;
+				oldcode = -1;
+				first = 0;
+			} else if (code == clear + 1) { // end of stream code
+				stbi__skip(s, len);
+				while ((len = stbi__get8(s)) > 0) stbi__skip(s, len);
+				return g->out;
+			} else if (code <= avail) {
+				if (first) {
+					return stbi__errpuc("no clear code", "Corrupt GIF");
+				}
+
+				if (oldcode >= 0) {
+					p = &g->codes[avail++];
+					if (avail > 8192) {
+						return stbi__errpuc("too many codes", "Corrupt GIF");
+					}
+
+					p->prefix = (stbi__int16) oldcode;
+					p->first = g->codes[oldcode].first;
+					p->suffix
+						= (code == avail) ? p->first : g->codes[code].first;
+				} else if (code == avail)
+					return stbi__errpuc("illegal code in raster",
+										"Corrupt GIF");
+
+				stbi__out_gif_code(g, (stbi__uint16) code);
+
+				if ((avail & codemask) == 0 && avail <= 0x0FFF) {
+					codesize++;
+					codemask = (1 << codesize) - 1;
+				}
+
+				oldcode = code;
+			} else {
+				return stbi__errpuc("illegal code in raster", "Corrupt GIF");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// this function is designed to support animated gifs, although stb_image doesn't support it
+// two back is the image from two frames ago, used for a very specific disposal format
+static stbi_uc * stbi__gif_load_next(stbi__context * s, stbi__gif * g,
+									 int * comp, int req_comp,
+									 stbi_uc * two_back) {
+	int dispose;
+	int first_frame;
+	int pi;
+	int pcount;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(req_comp);
+
+	// on first frame, any non-written pixels get the background colour (non-transparent)
+	first_frame = 0;
+	if (g->out == 0) {
+		if (!stbi__gif_header(s, g, comp, 0))
+			return 0; // stbi__g_failure_reason set by stbi__gif_header
+		if (!stbi__mad3sizes_valid(4, g->w, g->h, 0))
+			return stbi__errpuc("too large", "GIF image is too large");
+		pcount = g->w * g->h;
+		g->out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc(4 * pcount);
+		g->background = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc(4 * pcount);
+		g->history = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc(pcount);
+		if (!g->out || !g->background || !g->history)
+			return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+		// image is treated as "transparent" at the start - ie, nothing overwrites the current background;
+		// background colour is only used for pixels that are not rendered first frame, after that "background"
+		// color refers to the color that was there the previous frame.
+		memset(g->out, 0x00, 4 * pcount);
+		memset(g->background, 0x00,
+			   4 * pcount); // state of the background (starts transparent)
+		memset(g->history, 0x00,
+			   pcount); // pixels that were affected previous frame
+		first_frame = 1;
+	} else {
+		// second frame - how do we dispose of the previous one?
+		dispose = (g->eflags & 0x1C) >> 2;
+		pcount = g->w * g->h;
+
+		if ((dispose == 3) && (two_back == 0)) {
+			dispose
+				= 2; // if I don't have an image to revert back to, default to the old background
+		}
+
+		if (dispose == 3) { // use previous graphic
+			for (pi = 0; pi < pcount; ++pi) {
+				if (g->history[pi]) {
+					memcpy(&g->out[pi * 4], &two_back[pi * 4], 4);
+				}
+			}
+		} else if (dispose == 2) {
+			// restore what was changed last frame to background before that frame;
+			for (pi = 0; pi < pcount; ++pi) {
+				if (g->history[pi]) {
+					memcpy(&g->out[pi * 4], &g->background[pi * 4], 4);
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// This is a non-disposal case eithe way, so just
+			// leave the pixels as is, and they will become the new background
+			// 1: do not dispose
+			// 0:  not specified.
+		}
+
+		// background is what out is after the undoing of the previou frame;
+		memcpy(g->background, g->out, 4 * g->w * g->h);
+	}
+
+	// clear my history;
+	memset(g->history, 0x00,
+		   g->w * g->h); // pixels that were affected previous frame
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int tag = stbi__get8(s);
+		switch (tag) {
+			case 0x2C: /* Image Descriptor */
+			{
+				stbi__int32 x, y, w, h;
+				stbi_uc * o;
+
+				x = stbi__get16le(s);
+				y = stbi__get16le(s);
+				w = stbi__get16le(s);
+				h = stbi__get16le(s);
+				if (((x + w) > (g->w)) || ((y + h) > (g->h)))
+					return stbi__errpuc("bad Image Descriptor", "Corrupt GIF");
+
+				g->line_size = g->w * 4;
+				g->start_x = x * 4;
+				g->start_y = y * g->line_size;
+				g->max_x = g->start_x + w * 4;
+				g->max_y = g->start_y + h * g->line_size;
+				g->cur_x = g->start_x;
+				g->cur_y = g->start_y;
+
+				// if the width of the specified rectangle is 0, that means
+				// we may not see *any* pixels or the image is malformed;
+				// to make sure this is caught, move the current y down to
+				// max_y (which is what out_gif_code checks).
+				if (w == 0) g->cur_y = g->max_y;
+
+				g->lflags = stbi__get8(s);
+
+				if (g->lflags & 0x40) {
+					g->step = 8 * g->line_size; // first interlaced spacing
+					g->parse = 3;
+				} else {
+					g->step = g->line_size;
+					g->parse = 0;
+				}
+
+				if (g->lflags & 0x80) {
+					stbi__gif_parse_colortable(s, g->lpal, 2 << (g->lflags & 7),
+											   g->eflags & 0x01 ? g->transparent
+																: -1);
+					g->color_table = (stbi_uc *) g->lpal;
+				} else if (g->flags & 0x80) {
+					g->color_table = (stbi_uc *) g->pal;
+				} else
+					return stbi__errpuc("missing color table", "Corrupt GIF");
+
+				o = stbi__process_gif_raster(s, g);
+				if (!o) return NULL;
+
+				// if this was the first frame,
+				pcount = g->w * g->h;
+				if (first_frame && (g->bgindex > 0)) {
+					// if first frame, any pixel not drawn to gets the background color
+					for (pi = 0; pi < pcount; ++pi) {
+						if (g->history[pi] == 0) {
+							g->pal[g->bgindex][3]
+								= 255; // just in case it was made transparent, undo that; It will be reset next frame if need be;
+							memcpy(&g->out[pi * 4], &g->pal[g->bgindex], 4);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				return o;
+			}
+
+			case 0x21: // Comment Extension.
+			{
+				int len;
+				int ext = stbi__get8(s);
+				if (ext == 0xF9) { // Graphic Control Extension.
+					len = stbi__get8(s);
+					if (len == 4) {
+						g->eflags = stbi__get8(s);
+						g->delay
+							= 10
+							  * stbi__get16le(
+								  s); // delay - 1/100th of a second, saving as 1/1000ths.
+
+						// unset old transparent
+						if (g->transparent >= 0) {
+							g->pal[g->transparent][3] = 255;
+						}
+						if (g->eflags & 0x01) {
+							g->transparent = stbi__get8(s);
+							if (g->transparent >= 0) {
+								g->pal[g->transparent][3] = 0;
+							}
+						} else {
+							// don't need transparent
+							stbi__skip(s, 1);
+							g->transparent = -1;
+						}
+					} else {
+						stbi__skip(s, len);
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				while ((len = stbi__get8(s)) != 0) {
+					stbi__skip(s, len);
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case 0x3B: // gif stream termination code
+				return (
+					stbi_uc *) s; // using '1' causes warning on some compilers
+
+			default:
+				return stbi__errpuc("unknown code", "Corrupt GIF");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void * stbi__load_gif_main_outofmem(stbi__gif * g, stbi_uc * out,
+										   int ** delays) {
+	STBI_FREE(g->out);
+	STBI_FREE(g->history);
+	STBI_FREE(g->background);
+
+	if (out) STBI_FREE(out);
+	if (delays && *delays) STBI_FREE(*delays);
+	return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+}
+
+static void * stbi__load_gif_main(stbi__context * s, int ** delays, int * x,
+								  int * y, int * z, int * comp, int req_comp) {
+	if (stbi__gif_test(s)) {
+		int layers = 0;
+		stbi_uc * u = 0;
+		stbi_uc * out = 0;
+		stbi_uc * two_back = 0;
+		stbi__gif g;
+		int stride;
+		int out_size = 0;
+		int delays_size = 0;
+
+		STBI_NOTUSED(out_size);
+		STBI_NOTUSED(delays_size);
+
+		memset(&g, 0, sizeof(g));
+		if (delays) {
+			*delays = 0;
+		}
+
+		do {
+			u = stbi__gif_load_next(s, &g, comp, req_comp, two_back);
+			if (u == (stbi_uc *) s) u = 0; // end of animated gif marker
+
+			if (u) {
+				*x = g.w;
+				*y = g.h;
+				++layers;
+				stride = g.w * g.h * 4;
+
+				if (out) {
+					void * tmp = (stbi_uc *) STBI_REALLOC_SIZED(
+						out, out_size, layers * stride);
+					if (!tmp)
+						return stbi__load_gif_main_outofmem(&g, out, delays);
+					else {
+						out = (stbi_uc *) tmp;
+						out_size = layers * stride;
+					}
+
+					if (delays) {
+						int * new_delays = (int *) STBI_REALLOC_SIZED(
+							*delays, delays_size, sizeof(int) * layers);
+						if (!new_delays)
+							return stbi__load_gif_main_outofmem(&g, out,
+																delays);
+						*delays = new_delays;
+						delays_size = layers * sizeof(int);
+					}
+				} else {
+					out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc(layers * stride);
+					if (!out)
+						return stbi__load_gif_main_outofmem(&g, out, delays);
+					out_size = layers * stride;
+					if (delays) {
+						*delays = (int *) stbi__malloc(layers * sizeof(int));
+						if (!*delays)
+							return stbi__load_gif_main_outofmem(&g, out,
+																delays);
+						delays_size = layers * sizeof(int);
+					}
+				}
+				memcpy(out + ((layers - 1) * stride), u, stride);
+				if (layers >= 2) {
+					two_back = out - 2 * stride;
+				}
+
+				if (delays) {
+					(*delays)[layers - 1U] = g.delay;
+				}
+			}
+		} while (u != 0);
+
+		// free temp buffer;
+		STBI_FREE(g.out);
+		STBI_FREE(g.history);
+		STBI_FREE(g.background);
+
+		// do the final conversion after loading everything;
+		if (req_comp && req_comp != 4)
+			out = stbi__convert_format(out, 4, req_comp, layers * g.w, g.h);
+
+		*z = layers;
+		return out;
+	} else {
+		return stbi__errpuc("not GIF", "Image was not as a gif type.");
+	}
+}
+
+static void * stbi__gif_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	stbi_uc * u = 0;
+	stbi__gif g;
+	memset(&g, 0, sizeof(g));
+	STBI_NOTUSED(ri);
+
+	u = stbi__gif_load_next(s, &g, comp, req_comp, 0);
+	if (u == (stbi_uc *) s) u = 0; // end of animated gif marker
+	if (u) {
+		*x = g.w;
+		*y = g.h;
+
+		// moved conversion to after successful load so that the same
+		// can be done for multiple frames.
+		if (req_comp && req_comp != 4)
+			u = stbi__convert_format(u, 4, req_comp, g.w, g.h);
+	} else if (g.out) {
+		// if there was an error and we allocated an image buffer, free it!
+		STBI_FREE(g.out);
+	}
+
+	// free buffers needed for multiple frame loading;
+	STBI_FREE(g.history);
+	STBI_FREE(g.background);
+
+	return u;
+}
+
+static int stbi__gif_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	return stbi__gif_info_raw(s, x, y, comp);
+}
+#endif
+
+// *************************************************************************************************
+// Radiance RGBE HDR loader
+// originally by Nicolas Schulz
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+static int stbi__hdr_test_core(stbi__context * s, const char * signature) {
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; signature[i]; ++i)
+		if (stbi__get8(s) != signature[i]) return 0;
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__hdr_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	int r = stbi__hdr_test_core(s, "#?RADIANCE\n");
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+	if (!r) {
+		r = stbi__hdr_test_core(s, "#?RGBE\n");
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+	}
+	return r;
+}
+
+#define STBI__HDR_BUFLEN 1024
+static char * stbi__hdr_gettoken(stbi__context * z, char * buffer) {
+	int len = 0;
+	char c = '\0';
+
+	c = (char) stbi__get8(z);
+
+	while (!stbi__at_eof(z) && c != '\n') {
+		buffer[len++] = c;
+		if (len == STBI__HDR_BUFLEN - 1) {
+			// flush to end of line
+			while (!stbi__at_eof(z) && stbi__get8(z) != '\n');
+			break;
+		}
+		c = (char) stbi__get8(z);
+	}
+
+	buffer[len] = 0;
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+static void stbi__hdr_convert(float * output, stbi_uc * input, int req_comp) {
+	if (input[3] != 0) {
+		float f1;
+		// Exponent
+		f1 = (float) ldexp(1.0f, input[3] - (int) (128 + 8));
+		if (req_comp <= 2)
+			output[0] = (input[0] + input[1] + input[2]) * f1 / 3;
+		else {
+			output[0] = input[0] * f1;
+			output[1] = input[1] * f1;
+			output[2] = input[2] * f1;
+		}
+		if (req_comp == 2) output[1] = 1;
+		if (req_comp == 4) output[3] = 1;
+	} else {
+		switch (req_comp) {
+			case 4:
+				output[3] = 1; /* fallthrough */
+			case 3:
+				output[0] = output[1] = output[2] = 0;
+				break;
+			case 2:
+				output[1] = 1; /* fallthrough */
+			case 1:
+				output[0] = 0;
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static float * stbi__hdr_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							  int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	char buffer[STBI__HDR_BUFLEN];
+	char * token;
+	int valid = 0;
+	int width, height;
+	stbi_uc * scanline;
+	float * hdr_data;
+	int len;
+	unsigned char count, value;
+	int i, j, k, c1, c2, z;
+	const char * headerToken;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(ri);
+
+	// Check identifier
+	headerToken = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
+	if (strcmp(headerToken, "#?RADIANCE") != 0
+		&& strcmp(headerToken, "#?RGBE") != 0)
+		return stbi__errpf("not HDR", "Corrupt HDR image");
+
+	// Parse header
+	for (;;) {
+		token = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
+		if (token[0] == 0) break;
+		if (strcmp(token, "FORMAT=32-bit_rle_rgbe") == 0) valid = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!valid)
+		return stbi__errpf("unsupported format", "Unsupported HDR format");
+
+	// Parse width and height
+	// can't use sscanf() if we're not using stdio!
+	token = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
+	if (strncmp(token, "-Y ", 3))
+		return stbi__errpf("unsupported data layout", "Unsupported HDR format");
+	token += 3;
+	height = (int) strtol(token, &token, 10);
+	while (*token == ' ') ++token;
+	if (strncmp(token, "+X ", 3))
+		return stbi__errpf("unsupported data layout", "Unsupported HDR format");
+	token += 3;
+	width = (int) strtol(token, NULL, 10);
+
+	if (height > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpf("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	if (width > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpf("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+
+	*x = width;
+	*y = height;
+
+	if (comp) *comp = 3;
+	if (req_comp == 0) req_comp = 3;
+
+	if (!stbi__mad4sizes_valid(width, height, req_comp, sizeof(float), 0))
+		return stbi__errpf("too large", "HDR image is too large");
+
+	// Read data
+	hdr_data = (float *) stbi__malloc_mad4(width, height, req_comp,
+										   sizeof(float), 0);
+	if (!hdr_data) return stbi__errpf("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+
+	// Load image data
+	// image data is stored as some number of sca
+	if (width < 8 || width >= 32768) {
+		// Read flat data
+		for (j = 0; j < height; ++j) {
+			for (i = 0; i < width; ++i) {
+				stbi_uc rgbe[4];
+			main_decode_loop:
+				stbi__getn(s, rgbe, 4);
+				stbi__hdr_convert(hdr_data + j * width * req_comp
+									  + i * req_comp,
+								  rgbe, req_comp);
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Read RLE-encoded data
+		scanline = NULL;
+
+		for (j = 0; j < height; ++j) {
+			c1 = stbi__get8(s);
+			c2 = stbi__get8(s);
+			len = stbi__get8(s);
+			if (c1 != 2 || c2 != 2 || (len & 0x80)) {
+				// not run-length encoded, so we have to actually use THIS data as a decoded
+				// pixel (note this can't be a valid pixel--one of RGB must be >= 128)
+				stbi_uc rgbe[4];
+				rgbe[0] = (stbi_uc) c1;
+				rgbe[1] = (stbi_uc) c2;
+				rgbe[2] = (stbi_uc) len;
+				rgbe[3] = (stbi_uc) stbi__get8(s);
+				stbi__hdr_convert(hdr_data, rgbe, req_comp);
+				i = 1;
+				j = 0;
+				STBI_FREE(scanline);
+				goto main_decode_loop; // yes, this makes no sense
+			}
+			len <<= 8;
+			len |= stbi__get8(s);
+			if (len != width) {
+				STBI_FREE(hdr_data);
+				STBI_FREE(scanline);
+				return stbi__errpf("invalid decoded scanline length",
+								   "corrupt HDR");
+			}
+			if (scanline == NULL) {
+				scanline = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad2(width, 4, 0);
+				if (!scanline) {
+					STBI_FREE(hdr_data);
+					return stbi__errpf("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+				}
+			}
+
+			for (k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+				int nleft;
+				i = 0;
+				while ((nleft = width - i) > 0) {
+					count = stbi__get8(s);
+					if (count > 128) {
+						// Run
+						value = stbi__get8(s);
+						count -= 128;
+						if ((count == 0) || (count > nleft)) {
+							STBI_FREE(hdr_data);
+							STBI_FREE(scanline);
+							return stbi__errpf("corrupt",
+											   "bad RLE data in HDR");
+						}
+						for (z = 0; z < count; ++z)
+							scanline[i++ * 4 + k] = value;
+					} else {
+						// Dump
+						if ((count == 0) || (count > nleft)) {
+							STBI_FREE(hdr_data);
+							STBI_FREE(scanline);
+							return stbi__errpf("corrupt",
+											   "bad RLE data in HDR");
+						}
+						for (z = 0; z < count; ++z)
+							scanline[i++ * 4 + k] = stbi__get8(s);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			for (i = 0; i < width; ++i)
+				stbi__hdr_convert(hdr_data + (j * width + i) * req_comp,
+								  scanline + i * 4, req_comp);
+		}
+		if (scanline) STBI_FREE(scanline);
+	}
+
+	return hdr_data;
+}
+
+static int stbi__hdr_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	char buffer[STBI__HDR_BUFLEN];
+	char * token;
+	int valid = 0;
+	int dummy;
+
+	if (!x) x = &dummy;
+	if (!y) y = &dummy;
+	if (!comp) comp = &dummy;
+
+	if (stbi__hdr_test(s) == 0) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (;;) {
+		token = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
+		if (token[0] == 0) break;
+		if (strcmp(token, "FORMAT=32-bit_rle_rgbe") == 0) valid = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!valid) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	token = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
+	if (strncmp(token, "-Y ", 3)) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	token += 3;
+	*y = (int) strtol(token, &token, 10);
+	while (*token == ' ') ++token;
+	if (strncmp(token, "+X ", 3)) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	token += 3;
+	*x = (int) strtol(token, NULL, 10);
+	*comp = 3;
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif // STBI_NO_HDR
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
+static int stbi__bmp_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	void * p;
+	stbi__bmp_data info;
+
+	info.all_a = 255;
+	p = stbi__bmp_parse_header(s, &info);
+	if (p == NULL) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (x) *x = s->img_x;
+	if (y) *y = s->img_y;
+	if (comp) {
+		if (info.bpp == 24 && info.ma == 0xff000000) *comp = 3;
+		else *comp = info.ma ? 4 : 3;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
+static int stbi__psd_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	int channelCount, dummy, depth;
+	if (!x) x = &dummy;
+	if (!y) y = &dummy;
+	if (!comp) comp = &dummy;
+	if (stbi__get32be(s) != 0x38425053) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (stbi__get16be(s) != 1) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	stbi__skip(s, 6);
+	channelCount = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (channelCount < 0 || channelCount > 16) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	*y = stbi__get32be(s);
+	*x = stbi__get32be(s);
+	depth = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (depth != 8 && depth != 16) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (stbi__get16be(s) != 3) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	*comp = 4;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int stbi__psd_is16(stbi__context * s) {
+	int channelCount, depth;
+	if (stbi__get32be(s) != 0x38425053) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (stbi__get16be(s) != 1) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	stbi__skip(s, 6);
+	channelCount = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (channelCount < 0 || channelCount > 16) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	STBI_NOTUSED(stbi__get32be(s));
+	STBI_NOTUSED(stbi__get32be(s));
+	depth = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (depth != 16) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
+static int stbi__pic_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	int act_comp = 0, num_packets = 0, chained, dummy;
+	stbi__pic_packet packets[10];
+
+	if (!x) x = &dummy;
+	if (!y) y = &dummy;
+	if (!comp) comp = &dummy;
+
+	if (!stbi__pic_is4(s, "\x53\x80\xF6\x34")) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	stbi__skip(s, 88);
+
+	*x = stbi__get16be(s);
+	*y = stbi__get16be(s);
+	if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if ((*x) != 0 && (1 << 28) / (*x) < (*y)) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	stbi__skip(s, 8);
+
+	do {
+		stbi__pic_packet * packet;
+
+		if (num_packets == sizeof(packets) / sizeof(packets[0])) return 0;
+
+		packet = &packets[num_packets++];
+		chained = stbi__get8(s);
+		packet->size = stbi__get8(s);
+		packet->type = stbi__get8(s);
+		packet->channel = stbi__get8(s);
+		act_comp |= packet->channel;
+
+		if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
+			stbi__rewind(s);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (packet->size != 8) {
+			stbi__rewind(s);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	} while (chained);
+
+	*comp = (act_comp & 0x10 ? 4 : 3);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+// *************************************************************************************************
+// Portable Gray Map and Portable Pixel Map loader
+// by Ken Miller
+//
+// PGM: http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pgm.html
+// PPM: http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppm.html
+//
+// Known limitations:
+//    Does not support comments in the header section
+//    Does not support ASCII image data (formats P2 and P3)
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM
+
+static int stbi__pnm_test(stbi__context * s) {
+	char p, t;
+	p = (char) stbi__get8(s);
+	t = (char) stbi__get8(s);
+	if (p != 'P' || (t != '5' && t != '6')) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void * stbi__pnm_load(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp,
+							 int req_comp, stbi__result_info * ri) {
+	stbi_uc * out;
+	STBI_NOTUSED(ri);
+
+	ri->bits_per_channel = stbi__pnm_info(s, (int *) &s->img_x,
+										  (int *) &s->img_y, (int *) &s->img_n);
+	if (ri->bits_per_channel == 0) return 0;
+
+	if (s->img_y > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+	if (s->img_x > STBI_MAX_DIMENSIONS)
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
+
+	*x = s->img_x;
+	*y = s->img_y;
+	if (comp) *comp = s->img_n;
+
+	if (!stbi__mad4sizes_valid(s->img_n, s->img_x, s->img_y,
+							   ri->bits_per_channel / 8, 0))
+		return stbi__errpuc("too large", "PNM too large");
+
+	out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__malloc_mad4(s->img_n, s->img_x, s->img_y,
+										ri->bits_per_channel / 8, 0);
+	if (!out) return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
+	if (!stbi__getn(s, out,
+					s->img_n * s->img_x * s->img_y
+						* (ri->bits_per_channel / 8))) {
+		STBI_FREE(out);
+		return stbi__errpuc("bad PNM", "PNM file truncated");
+	}
+
+	if (req_comp && req_comp != s->img_n) {
+		if (ri->bits_per_channel == 16) {
+			out = (stbi_uc *) stbi__convert_format16(
+				(stbi__uint16 *) out, s->img_n, req_comp, s->img_x, s->img_y);
+		} else {
+			out = stbi__convert_format(out, s->img_n, req_comp, s->img_x,
+									   s->img_y);
+		}
+		if (out == NULL)
+			return out; // stbi__convert_format frees input on failure
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+static int stbi__pnm_isspace(char c) {
+	return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\v' || c == '\f'
+		   || c == '\r';
+}
+
+static void stbi__pnm_skip_whitespace(stbi__context * s, char * c) {
+	for (;;) {
+		while (!stbi__at_eof(s) && stbi__pnm_isspace(*c))
+			*c = (char) stbi__get8(s);
+
+		if (stbi__at_eof(s) || *c != '#') break;
+
+		while (!stbi__at_eof(s) && *c != '\n' && *c != '\r')
+			*c = (char) stbi__get8(s);
+	}
+}
+
+static int stbi__pnm_isdigit(char c) { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; }
+
+static int stbi__pnm_getinteger(stbi__context * s, char * c) {
+	int value = 0;
+
+	while (!stbi__at_eof(s) && stbi__pnm_isdigit(*c)) {
+		value = value * 10 + (*c - '0');
+		*c = (char) stbi__get8(s);
+		if ((value > 214748364) || (value == 214748364 && *c > '7'))
+			return stbi__err(
+				"integer parse overflow",
+				"Parsing an integer in the PPM header overflowed a 32-bit int");
+	}
+
+	return value;
+}
+
+static int stbi__pnm_info(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	int maxv, dummy;
+	char c, p, t;
+
+	if (!x) x = &dummy;
+	if (!y) y = &dummy;
+	if (!comp) comp = &dummy;
+
+	stbi__rewind(s);
+
+	// Get identifier
+	p = (char) stbi__get8(s);
+	t = (char) stbi__get8(s);
+	if (p != 'P' || (t != '5' && t != '6')) {
+		stbi__rewind(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	*comp = (t == '6') ? 3
+					   : 1; // '5' is 1-component .pgm; '6' is 3-component .ppm
+
+	c = (char) stbi__get8(s);
+	stbi__pnm_skip_whitespace(s, &c);
+
+	*x = stbi__pnm_getinteger(s, &c); // read width
+	if (*x == 0)
+		return stbi__err("invalid width",
+						 "PPM image header had zero or overflowing width");
+	stbi__pnm_skip_whitespace(s, &c);
+
+	*y = stbi__pnm_getinteger(s, &c); // read height
+	if (*y == 0)
+		return stbi__err("invalid width",
+						 "PPM image header had zero or overflowing width");
+	stbi__pnm_skip_whitespace(s, &c);
+
+	maxv = stbi__pnm_getinteger(s, &c); // read max value
+	if (maxv > 65535)
+		return stbi__err("max value > 65535",
+						 "PPM image supports only 8-bit and 16-bit images");
+	else if (maxv > 255) return 16;
+	else return 8;
+}
+
+static int stbi__pnm_is16(stbi__context * s) {
+	if (stbi__pnm_info(s, NULL, NULL, NULL) == 16) return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int stbi__info_main(stbi__context * s, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+#ifndef STBI_NO_JPEG
+	if (stbi__jpeg_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
+	if (stbi__png_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
+	if (stbi__gif_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
+	if (stbi__bmp_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
+	if (stbi__psd_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
+	if (stbi__pic_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM
+	if (stbi__pnm_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
+	if (stbi__hdr_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+// test tga last because it's a crappy test!
+#ifndef STBI_NO_TGA
+	if (stbi__tga_info(s, x, y, comp)) return 1;
+#endif
+	return stbi__err("unknown image type",
+					 "Image not of any known type, or corrupt");
+}
+
+static int stbi__is_16_main(stbi__context * s) {
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
+	if (stbi__png_is16(s)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
+	if (stbi__psd_is16(s)) return 1;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM
+	if (stbi__pnm_is16(s)) return 1;
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
+STBIDEF int stbi_info(char const * filename, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	FILE * f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
+	int result;
+	if (!f) return stbi__err("can't fopen", "Unable to open file");
+	result = stbi_info_from_file(f, x, y, comp);
+	fclose(f);
+	return result;
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_file(FILE * f, int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	int r;
+	stbi__context s;
+	long pos = ftell(f);
+	stbi__start_file(&s, f);
+	r = stbi__info_main(&s, x, y, comp);
+	fseek(f, pos, SEEK_SET);
+	return r;
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_16_bit(char const * filename) {
+	FILE * f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
+	int result;
+	if (!f) return stbi__err("can't fopen", "Unable to open file");
+	result = stbi_is_16_bit_from_file(f);
+	fclose(f);
+	return result;
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_16_bit_from_file(FILE * f) {
+	int r;
+	stbi__context s;
+	long pos = ftell(f);
+	stbi__start_file(&s, f);
+	r = stbi__is_16_main(&s);
+	fseek(f, pos, SEEK_SET);
+	return r;
+}
+#endif // !STBI_NO_STDIO
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len, int * x,
+								  int * y, int * comp) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
+	return stbi__info_main(&s, x, y, comp);
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * c, void * user,
+									 int * x, int * y, int * comp) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *) c, user);
+	return stbi__info_main(&s, x, y, comp);
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_16_bit_from_memory(stbi_uc const * buffer, int len) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
+	return stbi__is_16_main(&s);
+}
+
+STBIDEF int stbi_is_16_bit_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const * c,
+										  void * user) {
+	stbi__context s;
+	stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *) c, user);
+	return stbi__is_16_main(&s);
+}
+
+#endif // STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+/*
+   revision history:
+      2.20  (2019-02-07) support utf8 filenames in Windows; fix warnings and platform ifdefs
+      2.19  (2018-02-11) fix warning
+      2.18  (2018-01-30) fix warnings
+      2.17  (2018-01-29) change sbti__shiftsigned to avoid clang -O2 bug
+                         1-bit BMP
+                         *_is_16_bit api
+                         avoid warnings
+      2.16  (2017-07-23) all functions have 16-bit variants;
+                         STBI_NO_STDIO works again;
+                         compilation fixes;
+                         fix rounding in unpremultiply;
+                         optimize vertical flip;
+                         disable raw_len validation;
+                         documentation fixes
+      2.15  (2017-03-18) fix png-1,2,4 bug; now all Imagenet JPGs decode;
+                         warning fixes; disable run-time SSE detection on gcc;
+                         uniform handling of optional "return" values;
+                         thread-safe initialization of zlib tables
+      2.14  (2017-03-03) remove deprecated STBI_JPEG_OLD; fixes for Imagenet JPGs
+      2.13  (2016-11-29) add 16-bit API, only supported for PNG right now
+      2.12  (2016-04-02) fix typo in 2.11 PSD fix that caused crashes
+      2.11  (2016-04-02) allocate large structures on the stack
+                         remove white matting for transparent PSD
+                         fix reported channel count for PNG & BMP
+                         re-enable SSE2 in non-gcc 64-bit
+                         support RGB-formatted JPEG
+                         read 16-bit PNGs (only as 8-bit)
+      2.10  (2016-01-22) avoid warning introduced in 2.09 by STBI_REALLOC_SIZED
+      2.09  (2016-01-16) allow comments in PNM files
+                         16-bit-per-pixel TGA (not bit-per-component)
+                         info() for TGA could break due to .hdr handling
+                         info() for BMP to shares code instead of sloppy parse
+                         can use STBI_REALLOC_SIZED if allocator doesn't support realloc
+                         code cleanup
+      2.08  (2015-09-13) fix to 2.07 cleanup, reading RGB PSD as RGBA
+      2.07  (2015-09-13) fix compiler warnings
+                         partial animated GIF support
+                         limited 16-bpc PSD support
+                         #ifdef unused functions
+                         bug with < 92 byte PIC,PNM,HDR,TGA
+      2.06  (2015-04-19) fix bug where PSD returns wrong '*comp' value
+      2.05  (2015-04-19) fix bug in progressive JPEG handling, fix warning
+      2.04  (2015-04-15) try to re-enable SIMD on MinGW 64-bit
+      2.03  (2015-04-12) extra corruption checking (mmozeiko)
+                         stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load (nguillemot)
+                         fix NEON support; fix mingw support
+      2.02  (2015-01-19) fix incorrect assert, fix warning
+      2.01  (2015-01-17) fix various warnings; suppress SIMD on gcc 32-bit without -msse2
+      2.00b (2014-12-25) fix STBI_MALLOC in progressive JPEG
+      2.00  (2014-12-25) optimize JPG, including x86 SSE2 & NEON SIMD (ryg)
+                         progressive JPEG (stb)
+                         PGM/PPM support (Ken Miller)
+                         STBI_MALLOC,STBI_REALLOC,STBI_FREE
+                         GIF bugfix -- seemingly never worked
+                         STBI_NO_*, STBI_ONLY_*
+      1.48  (2014-12-14) fix incorrectly-named assert()
+      1.47  (2014-12-14) 1/2/4-bit PNG support, both direct and paletted (Omar Cornut & stb)
+                         optimize PNG (ryg)
+                         fix bug in interlaced PNG with user-specified channel count (stb)
+      1.46  (2014-08-26)
+              fix broken tRNS chunk (colorkey-style transparency) in non-paletted PNG
+      1.45  (2014-08-16)
+              fix MSVC-ARM internal compiler error by wrapping malloc
+      1.44  (2014-08-07)
+              various warning fixes from Ronny Chevalier
+      1.43  (2014-07-15)
+              fix MSVC-only compiler problem in code changed in 1.42
+      1.42  (2014-07-09)
+              don't define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS (affects user code)
+              fixes to stbi__cleanup_jpeg path
+              added STBI_ASSERT to avoid requiring assert.h
+      1.41  (2014-06-25)
+              fix search&replace from 1.36 that messed up comments/error messages
+      1.40  (2014-06-22)
+              fix gcc struct-initialization warning
+      1.39  (2014-06-15)
+              fix to TGA optimization when req_comp != number of components in TGA;
+              fix to GIF loading because BMP wasn't rewinding (whoops, no GIFs in my test suite)
+              add support for BMP version 5 (more ignored fields)
+      1.38  (2014-06-06)
+              suppress MSVC warnings on integer casts truncating values
+              fix accidental rename of 'skip' field of I/O
+      1.37  (2014-06-04)
+              remove duplicate typedef
+      1.36  (2014-06-03)
+              convert to header file single-file library
+              if de-iphone isn't set, load iphone images color-swapped instead of returning NULL
+      1.35  (2014-05-27)
+              various warnings
+              fix broken STBI_SIMD path
+              fix bug where stbi_load_from_file no longer left file pointer in correct place
+              fix broken non-easy path for 32-bit BMP (possibly never used)
+              TGA optimization by Arseny Kapoulkine
+      1.34  (unknown)
+              use STBI_NOTUSED in stbi__resample_row_generic(), fix one more leak in tga failure case
+      1.33  (2011-07-14)
+              make stbi_is_hdr work in STBI_NO_HDR (as specified), minor compiler-friendly improvements
+      1.32  (2011-07-13)
+              support for "info" function for all supported filetypes (SpartanJ)
+      1.31  (2011-06-20)
+              a few more leak fixes, bug in PNG handling (SpartanJ)
+      1.30  (2011-06-11)
+              added ability to load files via callbacks to accomidate custom input streams (Ben Wenger)
+              removed deprecated format-specific test/load functions
+              removed support for installable file formats (stbi_loader) -- would have been broken for IO callbacks anyway
+              error cases in bmp and tga give messages and don't leak (Raymond Barbiero, grisha)
+              fix inefficiency in decoding 32-bit BMP (David Woo)
+      1.29  (2010-08-16)
+              various warning fixes from Aurelien Pocheville
+      1.28  (2010-08-01)
+              fix bug in GIF palette transparency (SpartanJ)
+      1.27  (2010-08-01)
+              cast-to-stbi_uc to fix warnings
+      1.26  (2010-07-24)
+              fix bug in file buffering for PNG reported by SpartanJ
+      1.25  (2010-07-17)
+              refix trans_data warning (Won Chun)
+      1.24  (2010-07-12)
+              perf improvements reading from files on platforms with lock-heavy fgetc()
+              minor perf improvements for jpeg
+              deprecated type-specific functions so we'll get feedback if they're needed
+              attempt to fix trans_data warning (Won Chun)
+      1.23    fixed bug in iPhone support
+      1.22  (2010-07-10)
+              removed image *writing* support
+              stbi_info support from Jetro Lauha
+              GIF support from Jean-Marc Lienher
+              iPhone PNG-extensions from James Brown
+              warning-fixes from Nicolas Schulz and Janez Zemva (i.stbi__err. Janez (U+017D)emva)
+      1.21    fix use of 'stbi_uc' in header (reported by jon blow)
+      1.20    added support for Softimage PIC, by Tom Seddon
+      1.19    bug in interlaced PNG corruption check (found by ryg)
+      1.18  (2008-08-02)
+              fix a threading bug (local mutable static)
+      1.17    support interlaced PNG
+      1.16    major bugfix - stbi__convert_format converted one too many pixels
+      1.15    initialize some fields for thread safety
+      1.14    fix threadsafe conversion bug
+              header-file-only version (#define STBI_HEADER_FILE_ONLY before including)
+      1.13    threadsafe
+      1.12    const qualifiers in the API
+      1.11    Support installable IDCT, colorspace conversion routines
+      1.10    Fixes for 64-bit (don't use "unsigned long")
+              optimized upsampling by Fabian "ryg" Giesen
+      1.09    Fix format-conversion for PSD code (bad global variables!)
+      1.08    Thatcher Ulrich's PSD code integrated by Nicolas Schulz
+      1.07    attempt to fix C++ warning/errors again
+      1.06    attempt to fix C++ warning/errors again
+      1.05    fix TGA loading to return correct *comp and use good luminance calc
+      1.04    default float alpha is 1, not 255; use 'void *' for stbi_image_free
+      1.03    bugfixes to STBI_NO_STDIO, STBI_NO_HDR
+      1.02    support for (subset of) HDR files, float interface for preferred access to them
+      1.01    fix bug: possible bug in handling right-side up bmps... not sure
+              fix bug: the stbi__bmp_load() and stbi__tga_load() functions didn't work at all
+      1.00    interface to zlib that skips zlib header
+      0.99    correct handling of alpha in palette
+      0.98    TGA loader by lonesock; dynamically add loaders (untested)
+      0.97    jpeg errors on too large a file; also catch another malloc failure
+      0.96    fix detection of invalid v value - particleman@mollyrocket forum
+      0.95    during header scan, seek to markers in case of padding
+      0.94    STBI_NO_STDIO to disable stdio usage; rename all #defines the same
+      0.93    handle jpegtran output; verbose errors
+      0.92    read 4,8,16,24,32-bit BMP files of several formats
+      0.91    output 24-bit Windows 3.0 BMP files
+      0.90    fix a few more warnings; bump version number to approach 1.0
+      0.61    bugfixes due to Marc LeBlanc, Christopher Lloyd
+      0.60    fix compiling as c++
+      0.59    fix warnings: merge Dave Moore's -Wall fixes
+      0.58    fix bug: zlib uncompressed mode len/nlen was wrong endian
+      0.57    fix bug: jpg last huffman symbol before marker was >9 bits but less than 16 available
+      0.56    fix bug: zlib uncompressed mode len vs. nlen
+      0.55    fix bug: restart_interval not initialized to 0
+      0.54    allow NULL for 'int *comp'
+      0.53    fix bug in png 3->4; speedup png decoding
+      0.52    png handles req_comp=3,4 directly; minor cleanup; jpeg comments
+      0.51    obey req_comp requests, 1-component jpegs return as 1-component,
+              on 'test' only check type, not whether we support this variant
+      0.50  (2006-11-19)
+              first released version
+*/
+
+/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This software is available under 2 licenses -- choose whichever you prefer.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE A - MIT License
+Copyright (c) 2017 Sean Barrett
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE B - Public Domain (www.unlicense.org)
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this
+software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose,
+commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
+software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
+domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
+the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
+overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
+this software under copyright law.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/test.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/test.cpp
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/tiledMap.cpp b/mwe/resource-manager/tiledMap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..836929c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/tiledMap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+
+
+#include "tiledMap.h"
+#include "TextureMap.h"
+#include "map_layer.h"
+#include <SDL_render.h>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <tmxlite/Layer.hpp>
+#include <tmxlite/Map.hpp>
+
+TiledMap::TiledMap(const std::string & content) {
+	if (m_TmxMap.loadFromString(content, "../../asset/tiled/")) {
+		std::cout << "Map loaded correctly " << std::endl;
+	}
+}
+
+TiledMap::~TiledMap() {
+	for (const auto & r : m_MapTextures) {
+		delete r;
+	}
+	m_MapTextures.clear();
+
+	for (const auto & m : m_RenderLayers) {
+		delete m;
+	}
+	m_RenderLayers.clear();
+}
+
+void TiledMap::SetRenderer(SDL_Renderer & renderer) {
+	this->m_Renderer = &renderer;
+	this->SetMapTextures();
+	this->SetMapLayers();
+}
+
+void TiledMap::draw() const {
+	for (const auto & l : m_RenderLayers) {
+		l->draw(m_Renderer);
+	}
+}
+
+void TiledMap::SetMapTextures() {
+	const auto & tileSets = m_TmxMap.getTilesets();
+	assert(~tileSets.empty());
+
+	std::cout << "Processing SetMapTextures " << std::endl;
+
+	for (const auto & ts : tileSets) {
+		m_MapTextures.emplace_back(new TextureMap);
+		if (!m_MapTextures.back()->loadFromFile(ts.getImagePath(),
+												m_Renderer)) {
+			std::cerr << "Failed opening " << ts.getImagePath() << "\n";
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void TiledMap::SetMapLayers() {
+	const auto & mapLayers = m_TmxMap.getLayers();
+
+	std::cout << "Processing SetMapLayers " << std::endl;
+	for (auto i = 0u; i < mapLayers.size(); ++i) {
+		if (mapLayers[i]->getType() == tmx::Layer::Type::Tile) {
+			m_RenderLayers.emplace_back(new MapLayer);
+			m_RenderLayers.back()->create(this->m_TmxMap, i,
+										  this->m_MapTextures);
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/mwe/resource-manager/tiledMap.h b/mwe/resource-manager/tiledMap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc31705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mwe/resource-manager/tiledMap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+
+#include "TextureMap.h"
+#include "map_layer.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <tmxlite/Map.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+class TiledMap {
+
+public:
+	TiledMap(const std::string &);
+	~TiledMap();
+
+	void SetRenderer(SDL_Renderer &);
+	void draw() const;
+
+private:
+	void SetMapTextures();
+	void SetMapLayers();
+
+private:
+	tmx::Map m_TmxMap;
+	std::vector<TextureMap *> m_MapTextures;
+	std::vector<MapLayer *> m_RenderLayers;
+
+	SDL_Renderer * m_Renderer;
+};
diff --git a/readme.md b/readme.md
index 24bb66f..f09c947 100644
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ libraries from source:
    $ cd lib/sdl2
    or
    $ cd lib/soloud/contrib
+   or
+   $ cd lib/sdl_image
    ```
 3. Configure the build, run the build and install:
    ```
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 09c60bd..b60a0cd 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)
 project(crepe C CXX)
 
 find_package(SDL2 REQUIRED)
+find_package(SDL2_image REQUIRED)
 find_package(SoLoud REQUIRED)
 find_package(GTest REQUIRED)
 
@@ -20,7 +21,8 @@ target_include_directories(crepe
 
 target_link_libraries(crepe
 	PRIVATE soloud
-	PRIVATE SDL2
+	PUBLIC SDL2
+	PUBLIC SDL2_image
 )
 
 add_subdirectory(crepe)
@@ -36,4 +38,3 @@ target_link_libraries(test_main
 	PRIVATE gtest_main
 	PUBLIC crepe
 )
-
diff --git a/src/crepe/Asset.cpp b/src/crepe/Asset.cpp
index 15ddc27..8a2a11c 100644
--- a/src/crepe/Asset.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/Asset.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 using namespace crepe;
 
 Asset::Asset(const std::string & src) {
-	this->src = std::filesystem::canonical(src);
+	// FIXME: restore this
+	// this->src = std::filesystem::canonical(src);
+	this->src = src;
 	this->file = std::ifstream(this->src, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/CMakeLists.txt
index 8323490..d938eb8 100644
--- a/src/crepe/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,29 +2,35 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	Asset.cpp
 	Sound.cpp
 	SoundContext.cpp
+	Particle.cpp
+	ParticleSystem.cpp
+	SDLApp.cpp
 	ComponentManager.cpp
 	Component.cpp
-	GameObject.cpp
-	Collider.cpp
-	Rigidbody.cpp
-	Sprite.cpp
 	ScriptSystem.cpp
+	PhysicsSystem.cpp
+	CollisionSystem.cpp
+	Collider.cpp
+	SDLContext.cpp
+
+	RenderSystem.cpp
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	Asset.h
 	Sound.h
 	SoundContext.h
+	SDLContext.h
 	ComponentManager.h
 	ComponentManager.hpp
 	Component.h
-	GameObject.h
-	GameObject.hpp
-	Collider.h
-	Rigidbody.h
-	Sprite.h
 	System.h
 	ScriptSystem.h
+	PhysicsSystem.h
+	CollisionSystem.h
+	Collider.h
+	SDLContext.h
+	RenderSystem.h
 )
 
 add_subdirectory(api)
diff --git a/src/crepe/Collider.cpp b/src/crepe/Collider.cpp
index 3f12afd..13a3f33 100644
--- a/src/crepe/Collider.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/Collider.cpp
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 
 using namespace crepe;
 
-Collider::Collider(int size) : size(size) {}
+Collider::Collider(uint32_t gameObjectId) : Component(gameObjectId) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/Collider.h b/src/crepe/Collider.h
index 120da05..68a7d1d 100644
--- a/src/crepe/Collider.h
+++ b/src/crepe/Collider.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace crepe {
 
 class Collider : public Component {
 public:
-	Collider(int size);
+	Collider(uint32_t game_object_id);
 
 	int size;
 };
diff --git a/src/crepe/CollisionSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/CollisionSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55e0fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/CollisionSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "CollisionSystem.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+CollisionSystem::CollisionSystem() {}
+
+void CollisionSystem::update() {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/CollisionSystem.h b/src/crepe/CollisionSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e9f1aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/CollisionSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class CollisionSystem {
+public:
+	CollisionSystem();
+	void update();
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/Component.cpp b/src/crepe/Component.cpp
index bce90f1..358ce31 100644
--- a/src/crepe/Component.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/Component.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 #include "Component.h"
 
 using namespace crepe;
+
+Component::Component(uint32_t id) : game_object_id(id), active(true) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/Component.h b/src/crepe/Component.h
index d9a01ac..bc44865 100644
--- a/src/crepe/Component.h
+++ b/src/crepe/Component.h
@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 namespace crepe {
 
+class ComponentManager;
+
 class Component {
 protected:
-	Component() = default;
+	friend class crepe::ComponentManager;
+	Component(uint32_t id);
 
 public:
 	virtual ~Component() = default;
-	// TODO: shouldn't this constructor be deleted because this class will never
-	// directly be instantiated?
 
-	bool active = true;
+public:
+	uint32_t game_object_id;
+	bool active;
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.h b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.h
index 38f32e4..2b5e1df 100644
--- a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.h
+++ b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.h
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <typeindex>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "Component.h"
diff --git a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.hpp b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.hpp
index 2377a94..9b07f13 100644
--- a/src/crepe/ComponentManager.hpp
+++ b/src/crepe/ComponentManager.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ T & ComponentManager::add_component(uint32_t id, Args &&... args) {
 
 	// Create a new component of type T (arguments directly forwarded). The
 	// constructor must be called by ComponentManager.
-	T * instance = new T(forward<Args>(args)...);
+	T * instance = new T(id, forward<Args>(args)...);
 	// store its unique_ptr in the vector<>
 	components[type][id].push_back(unique_ptr<T>(instance));
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/GameObject.cpp b/src/crepe/GameObject.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index de3beb6..0000000
--- a/src/crepe/GameObject.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "GameObject.h"
-
-using namespace crepe;
-
-GameObject::GameObject(uint32_t id, std::string name, std::string tag,
-					   int layer)
-	: id(id), name(name), tag(tag), active(true), layer(layer) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/Particle.cpp b/src/crepe/Particle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4810e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/Particle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "Particle.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+Particle::Particle() { this->active = false; }
+
+void Particle::reset(float lifespan, Position position, Position velocity) {
+	this->time_in_life = 0;
+	this->lifespan = lifespan;
+	this->position = position;
+	this->velocity = velocity;
+	this->active = true;
+}
+
+void Particle::update(float deltaTime) {
+	time_in_life += deltaTime;
+	position.x += velocity.x * deltaTime;
+	position.y += velocity.y * deltaTime;
+	if (time_in_life >= lifespan) this->active = false;
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/Particle.h b/src/crepe/Particle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21e691d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/Particle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Position.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class Particle {
+public:
+	Position position;
+	// FIXME: `Position` is an awkward name for a 2D vector. See FIXME comment in
+	// api/Transform.h for fix proposal.
+	Position velocity;
+	float lifespan;
+	bool active;
+
+	Particle();
+	void reset(float lifespan, Position position, Position velocity);
+	void update(float deltaTime);
+	float time_in_life;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/ParticleSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/ParticleSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af6c550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/ParticleSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include <cmath>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "api/ParticleEmitter.h"
+
+#include "ComponentManager.h"
+#include "ParticleSystem.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+ParticleSystem::ParticleSystem() : elapsed_time(0.0f) {}
+
+void ParticleSystem::update() {
+	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
+	std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<ParticleEmitter>> emitters
+		= mgr.get_components_by_type<ParticleEmitter>();
+	float delta_time = 0.10;
+	for (ParticleEmitter & emitter : emitters) {
+		float update_amount = 1 / static_cast<float>(emitter.emission_rate);
+		for (float i = 0; i < delta_time; i += update_amount) {
+			emit_particle(emitter);
+		}
+		for (size_t j = 0; j < emitter.particles.size(); j++) {
+			if (emitter.particles[j].active) {
+				emitter.particles[j].update(delta_time);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void ParticleSystem::emit_particle(ParticleEmitter & emitter) {
+	Position initial_position = {emitter.position.x, emitter.position.y};
+	float random_angle = 0.0f;
+	if (emitter.max_angle < emitter.min_angle) {
+		random_angle = ((emitter.min_angle
+						 + (std::rand()
+							% (static_cast<uint32_t>(emitter.max_angle + 360
+													 - emitter.min_angle + 1))))
+						% 360);
+	} else {
+		random_angle = emitter.min_angle
+					   + (std::rand()
+						  % (static_cast<uint32_t>(emitter.max_angle
+												   - emitter.min_angle + 1)));
+	}
+	float angle_in_radians = random_angle * (M_PI / 180.0f);
+	float random_speed_offset = (static_cast<float>(std::rand()) / RAND_MAX)
+									* (2 * emitter.speed_offset)
+								- emitter.speed_offset;
+	float velocity_x
+		= (emitter.speed + random_speed_offset) * std::cos(angle_in_radians);
+	float velocity_y
+		= (emitter.speed + random_speed_offset) * std::sin(angle_in_radians);
+	Position initial_velocity = {velocity_x, velocity_y};
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < emitter.particles.size(); i++) {
+		if (!emitter.particles[i].active) {
+			emitter.particles[i].reset(emitter.end_lifespan, initial_position,
+									   initial_velocity);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/ParticleSystem.h b/src/crepe/ParticleSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad96eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/ParticleSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/ParticleEmitter.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class ParticleSystem {
+public:
+	ParticleSystem();
+	void update();
+
+private:
+	void emit_particle(ParticleEmitter & emitter); //emits a new particle
+
+	float elapsed_time; //elapsed time since the last emission
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/PhysicsSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/PhysicsSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16f4c10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/PhysicsSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "api/Force.h"
+#include "api/Rigidbody.h"
+#include "api/Transform.h"
+
+#include "ComponentManager.h"
+#include "PhysicsSystem.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace crepe::api;
+
+PhysicsSystem::PhysicsSystem() {}
+
+void PhysicsSystem::update() {
+	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
+	std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Rigidbody>> rigidbodies
+		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Rigidbody>();
+	std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Transform>> transforms
+		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Transform>();
+
+	for (Rigidbody & rigidbody : rigidbodies) {
+
+		switch (rigidbody.body_type) {
+			case BodyType::DYNAMIC:
+				for (Transform & transform : transforms) {
+					if (transform.game_object_id == rigidbody.game_object_id) {
+						rigidbody.velocity_x = 0;
+						rigidbody.velocity_y = 0;
+						std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Force>> forces
+							= mgr.get_components_by_id<Force>(
+								rigidbody.game_object_id);
+						rigidbody.velocity_y
+							+= rigidbody.gravity_scale * 1 * rigidbody.mass;
+
+						for (Force & force : forces) {
+							rigidbody.velocity_x += force.force_x;
+							rigidbody.velocity_y += force.force_y;
+						}
+
+						std::cout << "before transform.postion.x "
+								  << transform.position.x << std::endl;
+						std::cout << "before transform.postion.y "
+								  << transform.position.y << std::endl;
+						transform.position.x += rigidbody.velocity_x;
+						transform.position.y += rigidbody.velocity_y;
+						std::cout << "after transform.postion.x "
+								  << transform.position.x << std::endl;
+						std::cout << "after transform.postion.y "
+								  << transform.position.y << std::endl;
+					}
+				}
+				break;
+			case BodyType::KINEMATIC:
+				break; //(scripts)
+			case BodyType::STATIC:
+				break; //(unmoveable objects)
+			default:
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/PhysicsSystem.h b/src/crepe/PhysicsSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33b4072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/PhysicsSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class PhysicsSystem {
+public:
+	PhysicsSystem();
+	void update();
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/Position.h b/src/crepe/Position.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f84b63d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/Position.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+struct Position {
+	float x = 0.0;
+	float y = 0.0;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/RenderSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/RenderSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae93f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/RenderSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "api/Sprite.h"
+#include "api/Transform.h"
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "ComponentManager.h"
+#include "RenderSystem.h"
+#include "SDLContext.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace crepe::api;
+
+RenderSystem::RenderSystem() { dbg_trace(); }
+
+RenderSystem::~RenderSystem() { dbg_trace(); }
+
+RenderSystem & RenderSystem::get_instance() {
+	static RenderSystem instance;
+	return instance;
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::update() {
+
+	ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
+
+	std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Sprite>> sprites
+		= mgr.get_components_by_type<Sprite>();
+
+	SDLContext & render = SDLContext::get_instance();
+	render.clear_screen();
+
+	for (const Sprite & sprite : sprites) {
+		std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<Transform>> transforms
+			= mgr.get_components_by_id<Transform>(sprite.game_object_id);
+		for (const Transform & transform : transforms) {
+			render.draw(sprite, transform);
+		}
+	}
+	render.present_screen();
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/RenderSystem.h b/src/crepe/RenderSystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b910a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/RenderSystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "System.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class RenderSystem : public System {
+
+public:
+	static RenderSystem & get_instance();
+	void update();
+
+private:
+	RenderSystem();
+	~RenderSystem();
+};
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/Rigidbody.cpp b/src/crepe/Rigidbody.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 495d908..0000000
--- a/src/crepe/Rigidbody.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#include "Rigidbody.h"
-
-using namespace crepe;
-
-Rigidbody::Rigidbody(int mass, int gravityScale, int bodyType)
-	: mass(mass), gravity_scale(gravityScale), body_type(bodyType) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/Rigidbody.h b/src/crepe/Rigidbody.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 63a8877..0000000
--- a/src/crepe/Rigidbody.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "Component.h"
-
-namespace crepe {
-
-class Rigidbody : public Component {
-public:
-	Rigidbody(int mass, int gravityScale, int bodyType);
-
-	int mass;
-	int gravity_scale;
-	int body_type;
-};
-
-} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/SDLApp.cpp b/src/crepe/SDLApp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6ddeaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/SDLApp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "SDLApp.h"
+
+SDLApp::SDLApp(int window_width, int window_height)
+	: window_width(window_width), window_height(window_height), window(nullptr),
+	  renderer(nullptr) {}
+
+// FIXME: why is there clean_up and ~SDLApp?
+SDLApp::~SDLApp() { clean_up(); }
+
+bool SDLApp::initialize() {
+	if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) {
+		// FIXME: throw exception
+		std::cerr << "SDL Initialization Error: " << SDL_GetError()
+				  << std::endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	window = SDL_CreateWindow("Particle System", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
+							  SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, window_width,
+							  window_height, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
+	if (!window) {
+		// FIXME: throw exception
+		std::cerr << "Window Creation Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
+	if (!renderer) {
+		// FIXME: throw exception
+		std::cerr << "Renderer Creation Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+void SDLApp::handle_events(bool & running) {
+	SDL_Event event;
+	while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+		if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) {
+			running = false;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void SDLApp::clear_screen() {
+	SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 255);
+	SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
+}
+
+void SDLApp::present_screen() { SDL_RenderPresent(renderer); }
+
+void SDLApp::draw_square(int x, int y, int size) {
+	SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 255, 255, 255);
+	SDL_Rect rect = {x, y, size, size};
+	SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rect);
+}
+
+SDL_Texture * square_texture = nullptr; // Load this with an image or create it
+
+void SDLApp::clean_up() {
+	if (renderer) {
+		SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
+	}
+	if (window) {
+		SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
+	}
+	SDL_Quit();
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/SDLApp.h b/src/crepe/SDLApp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e67947b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/SDLApp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+
+#include "api/ParticleEmitter.h"
+
+class SDLApp {
+public:
+	SDLApp(int window_width, int window_height);
+	~SDLApp();
+
+	bool initialize();
+	void handle_events(bool & running);
+	void clear_screen();
+	void present_screen();
+	void draw_square(int x, int y, int size);
+	void clean_up();
+	void draw_particles(const std::vector<crepe::ParticleEmitter> & emitters);
+	void draw_multiple_squares(const std::vector<SDL_Rect> & squares);
+
+private:
+	int window_width;
+	int window_height;
+	SDL_Window * window;
+	SDL_Renderer * renderer;
+};
diff --git a/src/crepe/SDLContext.cpp b/src/crepe/SDLContext.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bc5bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/SDLContext.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_image.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_surface.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_video.h>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "api/Sprite.h"
+#include "api/Texture.h"
+#include "api/Transform.h"
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "SDLContext.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+SDLContext & SDLContext::get_instance() {
+	static SDLContext instance;
+	return instance;
+}
+
+void SDLContext::handle_events(bool & running) {
+	SDL_Event event;
+	while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+		if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) {
+			running = false;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+SDLContext::~SDLContext() {
+	dbg_trace();
+
+	if (this->game_renderer != nullptr)
+		SDL_DestroyRenderer(this->game_renderer);
+
+	if (this->game_window != nullptr) {
+		SDL_DestroyWindow(this->game_window);
+	}
+
+	// TODO: how are we going to ensure that these are called from the same
+	// thread that SDL_Init() was called on? This has caused problems for me
+	// before.
+	IMG_Quit();
+	SDL_Quit();
+}
+
+void SDLContext::clear_screen() { SDL_RenderClear(this->game_renderer); }
+
+SDLContext::SDLContext() {
+	dbg_trace();
+	// FIXME: read window defaults from config manager
+
+	if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {
+		// FIXME: throw exception
+		std::cerr << "SDL could not initialize! SDL_Error: " << SDL_GetError()
+				  << std::endl;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	this->game_window = SDL_CreateWindow(
+		"Crepe Game Engine", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
+		1920, 1080, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
+	if (!this->game_window) {
+		// FIXME: throw exception
+		std::cerr << "Window could not be created! SDL_Error: "
+				  << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
+	}
+
+	this->game_renderer
+		= SDL_CreateRenderer(this->game_window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
+	if (!this->game_renderer) {
+		// FIXME: throw exception
+		std::cerr << "Renderer could not be created! SDL_Error: "
+				  << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
+		SDL_DestroyWindow(this->game_window);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	int img_flags = IMG_INIT_PNG;
+	if (!(IMG_Init(img_flags) & img_flags)) {
+		// FIXME: throw exception
+		std::cout << "SDL_image could not initialize! SDL_image Error: "
+				  << IMG_GetError() << std::endl;
+	}
+}
+
+void SDLContext::present_screen() { SDL_RenderPresent(this->game_renderer); }
+
+void SDLContext::draw(const api::Sprite & sprite,
+					  const api::Transform & transform) {
+
+	static SDL_RendererFlip render_flip
+		= (SDL_RendererFlip) ((SDL_FLIP_HORIZONTAL * sprite.flip.flip_x)
+							  | (SDL_FLIP_VERTICAL * sprite.flip.flip_y));
+
+	int w, h;
+	SDL_QueryTexture(sprite.sprite_image->texture, NULL, NULL, &w, &h);
+	// needs maybe camera for position
+	SDL_Rect dstrect = {
+		.x = static_cast<int>(transform.position.x),
+		.y = static_cast<int>(transform.position.y),
+		.w = static_cast<int>(w * transform.scale),
+		.h = static_cast<int>(h * transform.scale),
+	};
+
+	double degrees = transform.rotation * 180 / M_PI;
+	SDL_RenderCopyEx(this->game_renderer, sprite.sprite_image->texture, NULL,
+					 &dstrect, degrees, NULL, render_flip);
+}
+
+/*
+SDL_Texture * SDLContext::setTextureFromPath(const char * path, SDL_Rect & clip,
+											 const int row, const int col) {
+	dbg_trace();
+
+	SDL_Surface * tmp = IMG_Load(path);
+	if (!tmp) {
+		std::cerr << "Error surface " << IMG_GetError << std::endl;
+	}
+
+	clip.
+		w = tmp->w / col;
+	clip.h = tmp->h / row;
+
+	SDL_Texture * CreatedTexture
+		= SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(this->game_renderer, tmp);
+
+	if (!CreatedTexture) {
+		std::cerr << "Error could not create texture " << IMG_GetError
+				  << std::endl;
+	}
+	SDL_FreeSurface(tmp);
+
+	return CreatedTexture;
+}
+*/
+
+SDL_Texture * SDLContext::texture_from_path(const char * path) {
+	dbg_trace();
+
+	SDL_Surface * tmp = IMG_Load(path);
+	if (!tmp) {
+		std::cerr << "Error surface " << IMG_GetError << std::endl;
+	}
+	SDL_Texture * created_texture
+		= SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(this->game_renderer, tmp);
+
+	if (!created_texture) {
+		std::cerr << "Error could not create texture " << IMG_GetError
+				  << std::endl;
+	}
+	SDL_FreeSurface(tmp);
+
+	return created_texture;
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/SDLContext.h b/src/crepe/SDLContext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d9c1bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/SDLContext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_video.h>
+
+#include "api/Sprite.h"
+#include "api/Transform.h"
+
+#include "RenderSystem.h"
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+class Texture;
+}
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class SDLContext {
+
+public:
+	// singleton
+	static SDLContext & get_instance();
+	SDLContext(const SDLContext &) = delete;
+	SDLContext(SDLContext &&) = delete;
+	SDLContext & operator=(const SDLContext &) = delete;
+	SDLContext & operator=(SDLContext &&) = delete;
+
+	//TODO decide events wouter?
+
+private:
+	void handle_events(bool & running);
+
+private:
+	SDLContext();
+	virtual ~SDLContext();
+
+private:
+	friend class api::Texture;
+	SDL_Texture * texture_from_path(const char *);
+	//SDL_Texture* setTextureFromPath(const char*, SDL_Rect& clip, const int row, const int col);
+
+private:
+	friend class RenderSystem;
+	void draw(const api::Sprite &, const api::Transform &);
+	void clear_screen();
+	void present_screen();
+
+private:
+	SDL_Window * game_window = nullptr;
+	SDL_Renderer * game_renderer = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/ScriptSystem.cpp b/src/crepe/ScriptSystem.cpp
index 5d882be..d00d474 100644
--- a/src/crepe/ScriptSystem.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/ScriptSystem.cpp
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "ComponentManager.h"
-#include "ScriptSystem.h"
 #include "api/BehaviorScript.h"
 #include "api/Script.h"
 #include "util/log.h"
 
+#include "ComponentManager.h"
+#include "ScriptSystem.h"
+
 using namespace std;
 using namespace crepe;
 using namespace crepe::api;
diff --git a/src/crepe/Sound.h b/src/crepe/Sound.h
index b7cfbb8..917b57e 100644
--- a/src/crepe/Sound.h
+++ b/src/crepe/Sound.h
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <soloud/soloud.h>
 #include <soloud/soloud_wav.h>
 
-#include <memory>
-
 #include "Asset.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
diff --git a/src/crepe/Sprite.cpp b/src/crepe/Sprite.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a5a5e68..0000000
--- a/src/crepe/Sprite.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include <string>
-
-#include "Sprite.h"
-
-using namespace crepe;
-using namespace std;
-
-Sprite::Sprite(string path) : path(path) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/Sprite.h b/src/crepe/Sprite.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 143e702..0000000
--- a/src/crepe/Sprite.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include "Component.h"
-
-namespace crepe {
-
-class Sprite : public Component {
-public:
-	Sprite(std::string path);
-
-	std::string path;
-};
-
-} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.cpp b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..560df6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "AssetManager.h"
+
+using namespace crepe::api;
+
+AssetManager & AssetManager::get_instance() {
+	static AssetManager instance;
+	return instance;
+}
+
+AssetManager::~AssetManager() {
+	dbg_trace();
+	this->asset_cache.clear();
+}
+
+AssetManager::AssetManager() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.h b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a53ace5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <any>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+class AssetManager {
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::any> asset_cache;
+
+private:
+	AssetManager();
+	virtual ~AssetManager();
+
+public:
+	AssetManager(const AssetManager &) = delete;
+	AssetManager(AssetManager &&) = delete;
+	AssetManager & operator=(const AssetManager &) = delete;
+	AssetManager & operator=(AssetManager &&) = delete;
+
+	static AssetManager & get_instance();
+
+public:
+	template <typename asset>
+	std::shared_ptr<asset> cache(const std::string & file_path, bool reload = false);
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
+
+#include "AssetManager.hpp"
+
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.hpp b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..083fd9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "AssetManager.h"
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+template <typename asset>
+std::shared_ptr<asset> AssetManager::cache(const std::string & file_path, bool reload) {
+	auto it = asset_cache.find(file_path);
+
+	if (!reload && it != asset_cache.end()) {
+		return std::any_cast<std::shared_ptr<asset>>(it->second);
+	}
+
+	std::shared_ptr<asset> new_asset
+		= std::make_shared<asset>(file_path.c_str());
+
+	asset_cache[file_path] = new_asset;
+
+	return new_asset;
+}
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.cpp b/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.cpp
index b512d27..35b8d83 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-#include "AudioSource.h"
+#include <memory>
 
 #include "../Sound.h"
-#include <memory>
+
+#include "AudioSource.h"
 
 using namespace crepe::api;
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.h b/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.h
index 2d26cda..7980212 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/AudioSource.h
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "Asset.h"
-#include "Component.h"
+#include "../Asset.h"
+#include "../Component.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
 class Sound;
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.cpp b/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.cpp
index 1f236b4..e69de29 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.cpp
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include "../util/log.h"
-
-#include "BehaviorScript.h"
-#include "Script.h"
-
-using namespace crepe::api;
-
-BehaviorScript::BehaviorScript() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.h b/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.h
index 6ce6798..cb37a78 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "Component.h"
+#include "../Component.h"
 #include "Script.h"
 
 namespace crepe {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class Script;
 class BehaviorScript : public Component {
 protected:
 	friend class crepe::ComponentManager;
-	BehaviorScript();
+	using Component::Component;
 
 public:
 	virtual ~BehaviorScript() = default;
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.hpp b/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.hpp
index a6bd81c..6fdf605 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.hpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/BehaviorScript.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include "../util/log.h"
+
 #include "BehaviorScript.h"
 
 namespace crepe::api {
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
index 2181b30..f262019 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	# AudioSource.cpp
 	BehaviorScript.cpp
 	Script.cpp
+	GameObject.cpp
+	Rigidbody.cpp
+	Force.cpp
+	ParticleEmitter.cpp
+	Transform.cpp
+	Color.cpp
+	Texture.cpp
+	AssetManager.cpp
+	Sprite.cpp
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
@@ -9,5 +18,13 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	BehaviorScript.h
 	Config.h
 	Script.h
+	GameObject.h
+	GameObject.hpp
+	Rigidbody.h
+	Sprite.h
+	Point.h
+	Color.h
+	Texture.h 
+	AssetManager.h 
+	AssetManager.hpp
 )
-
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/CircleCollider.h b/src/crepe/api/CircleCollider.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..762574b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/CircleCollider.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../Collider.h"
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+class CircleCollider : public Collider {
+public:
+	CircleCollider(uint32_t game_object_id, int radius)
+		: Collider(game_object_id), radius(radius) {}
+	int radius;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb5bd1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Color.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "Color.h"
+
+using namespace crepe::api;
+
+Color Color::white = Color(255, 255, 255, 0);
+Color Color::red = Color(255, 0, 0, 0);
+Color Color::green = Color(0, 255, 0, 0);
+Color Color::blue = Color(0, 0, 255, 0);
+Color Color::black = Color(0, 0, 0, 0);
+Color Color::cyan = Color(0, 255, 255, 0);
+Color Color::yellow = Color(255, 255, 0, 0);
+Color Color::magenta = Color(255, 0, 255, 0);
+
+// FIXME: do we really need double precision for color values?
+Color::Color(double red, double green, double blue, double alpha) {
+	this->a = alpha;
+	this->r = red;
+	this->g = green;
+	this->b = blue;
+};
+
+const Color & Color::get_white() { return Color::white; };
+
+const Color & Color::get_red() { return Color::red; };
+const Color & Color::get_green() { return Color::green; };
+const Color & Color::get_blue() { return Color::blue; };
+
+const Color & Color::get_black() { return Color::black; };
+
+const Color & Color::get_cyan() { return Color::cyan; };
+
+const Color & Color::get_yellow() { return Color::yellow; };
+
+const Color & Color::get_magenta() { return Color::magenta; };
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Color.h b/src/crepe/api/Color.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36d91ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Color.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+class Color {
+
+	// FIXME: can't these colors be defined as a `static constexpr const Color`
+	// instead?
+public:
+	Color(double red, double green, double blue, double alpha);
+	static const Color & get_white();
+	static const Color & get_red();
+	static const Color & get_green();
+	static const Color & get_blue();
+	static const Color & get_cyan();
+	static const Color & get_magenta();
+	static const Color & get_yellow();
+	static const Color & get_black();
+
+private:
+	double r;
+	double g;
+	double b;
+	double a;
+
+	static Color white;
+	static Color red;
+	static Color green;
+	static Color blue;
+	static Color cyan;
+	static Color magenta;
+	static Color yellow;
+	static Color black;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Config.h b/src/crepe/api/Config.h
index f47f45b..24b5529 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Config.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Config.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public:
 		 * Only messages with equal or higher priority than this value will be
 		 * logged.
 		 */
-		util::log_level level = util::log_level::INFO;
+		util::LogLevel level = util::LogLevel::INFO;
 		/**
 		 * \brief Colored log output
 		 *
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Force.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Force.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e359adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Force.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "Force.h"
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+Force::Force(uint32_t game_object_id, uint32_t magnitude, uint32_t direction)
+	: Component(game_object_id) {
+	// TODO: A standard angle unit should be established for the entire engine
+	// and assumed to be the default everywhere. Only conversion functions should
+	// explicitly contain the unit (i.e. `deg_to_rad()` & `rad_to_deg()`)
+
+	// Convert direction from degrees to radians
+	float radian_direction = static_cast<float>(direction) * (M_PI / 180.0f);
+	force_x = static_cast<int32_t>(
+		std::round(magnitude * std::cos(radian_direction)));
+	force_y = static_cast<int32_t>(
+		std::round(magnitude * std::sin(radian_direction)));
+}
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Force.h b/src/crepe/api/Force.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8da9a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Force.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "../Component.h"
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+class Force : public Component {
+public:
+	Force(uint32_t game_object_id, uint32_t magnitude, uint32_t direction);
+
+	int32_t force_x;
+	int32_t force_y;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/GameObject.cpp b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b167187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "GameObject.h"
+
+using namespace crepe::api;
+using namespace std;
+
+GameObject::GameObject(uint32_t id, string name, string tag, int layer)
+	: id(id), name(name), tag(tag), active(true), layer(layer) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/GameObject.h b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.h
index b5d6399..57508c5 100644
--- a/src/crepe/GameObject.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 
-namespace crepe {
+namespace crepe::api {
 
 class GameObject {
 public:
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ public:
 	int layer;
 };
 
-} // namespace crepe
+} // namespace crepe::api
 
 #include "GameObject.hpp"
diff --git a/src/crepe/GameObject.hpp b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.hpp
index 8cd1abe..3c7e867 100644
--- a/src/crepe/GameObject.hpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/GameObject.hpp
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "GameObject.h"
+#include "../ComponentManager.h"
 
-#include "ComponentManager.h"
+#include "GameObject.h"
 
-namespace crepe {
+namespace crepe::api {
 
 template <typename T, typename... Args>
 T & GameObject::add_component(Args &&... args) {
 	auto & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
-	return mgr.add_component<T>(id, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	return mgr.add_component<T>(this->id, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 }
 
-} // namespace crepe
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.cpp b/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b3a9ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include <ctime>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "Particle.h"
+#include "ParticleEmitter.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+ParticleEmitter::ParticleEmitter(uint32_t game_object_id,
+								 uint32_t max_particles, uint32_t emission_rate,
+								 uint32_t speed, uint32_t speed_offset,
+								 uint32_t angle, uint32_t angleOffset,
+								 float begin_lifespan, float end_lifespan)
+	: Component(game_object_id), max_particles(max_particles),
+	  emission_rate(emission_rate), speed(speed), speed_offset(speed_offset),
+	  position{0, 0}, begin_lifespan(begin_lifespan),
+	  end_lifespan(end_lifespan) {
+	std::srand(
+		static_cast<uint32_t>(std::time(nullptr))); // initialize random seed
+	std::cout << "Create emitter" << std::endl;
+	// FIXME: Why do these expressions start with `360 +`, only to be `% 360`'d
+	// right after? This does not make any sense to me.
+	min_angle = (360 + angle - (angleOffset % 360)) % 360;
+	max_angle = (360 + angle + (angleOffset % 360)) % 360;
+	position.x = 400; // FIXME: what are these magic values?
+	position.y = 400;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < max_particles; i++) {
+		this->particles.emplace_back();
+	}
+}
+
+ParticleEmitter::~ParticleEmitter() {
+	std::vector<Particle>::iterator it = this->particles.begin();
+	while (it != this->particles.end()) {
+		it = this->particles.erase(it);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.h b/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e2e95b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Component.h"
+#include "Particle.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class ParticleEmitter : public Component {
+public:
+	ParticleEmitter(uint32_t game_object_id, uint32_t max_particles,
+					uint32_t emission_rate, uint32_t speed,
+					uint32_t speed_offset, uint32_t angle, uint32_t angleOffset,
+					float begin_lifespan, float end_lifespan);
+	~ParticleEmitter();
+
+	//! position of the emitter
+	Position position;
+	//! maximum number of particles
+	uint32_t max_particles;
+	//! rate of particle emission
+	uint32_t emission_rate;
+	//! base speed of the particles
+	uint32_t speed;
+	//! offset for random speed variation
+	uint32_t speed_offset;
+	//! min angle of particle emission
+	uint32_t min_angle;
+	//! max angle of particle emission
+	uint32_t max_angle;
+	//! begin Lifespan of particle (only visual)
+	float begin_lifespan;
+	//! begin Lifespan of particle
+	float end_lifespan;
+
+	//! collection of particles
+	std::vector<Particle> particles;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Point.h b/src/crepe/api/Point.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b47b7e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Point.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+class Point {
+public:
+	double x;
+	double y;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf9fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "Rigidbody.h"
+
+using namespace crepe::api;
+
+Rigidbody::Rigidbody(uint32_t game_object_id, int mass, int gravity_scale,
+					 BodyType bodyType)
+	: Component(game_object_id), mass(mass), gravity_scale(gravity_scale),
+	  body_type(bodyType) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.h b/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6079a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "../Component.h"
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+// FIXME: can't this enum be defined inside the class declaration of Rigidbody?
+enum class BodyType {
+	//! Does not move (e.g. walls, ground ...)
+	STATIC,
+	//! Moves and responds to forces (e.g. player, physics objects ...)
+	DYNAMIC,
+	//! Moves but does not respond to forces (e.g. moving platforms ...)
+	KINEMATIC,
+};
+
+class Rigidbody : public Component {
+public:
+	Rigidbody(uint32_t game_object_id, int mass, int gravity_scale,
+			  BodyType body_type);
+	int32_t velocity_x;
+	int32_t velocity_y;
+	int mass;
+	int gravity_scale;
+	BodyType body_type;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..806f147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "api/Texture.h"
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "Component.h"
+#include "Sprite.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace crepe::api;
+
+Sprite::Sprite(uint32_t id, shared_ptr<Texture> image, const Color & color,
+			   const FlipSettings & flip)
+	: Component(id), color(color), flip(flip), sprite_image(image) {
+	dbg_trace();
+}
+
+Sprite::~Sprite() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b06125e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SDL2/SDL_rect.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "api/Color.h"
+#include "api/Texture.h"
+
+#include "Component.h"
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+struct FlipSettings {
+	bool flip_x = 1;
+	bool flip_y = 1;
+};
+
+class Sprite : public Component {
+
+public:
+	Sprite(uint32_t game_id, std::shared_ptr<Texture> image,
+		   const Color & color, const FlipSettings & flip);
+	~Sprite();
+	std::shared_ptr<Texture> sprite_image;
+	Color color;
+	FlipSettings flip;
+	uint8_t sorting_in_layer;
+	uint8_t order_in_layer;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..481ef7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Texture.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
+
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "Asset.h"
+#include "SDLContext.h"
+#include "Texture.h"
+
+using namespace crepe::api;
+using namespace std;
+
+Texture::Texture(unique_ptr<Asset> res) {
+	dbg_trace();
+	this->load(std::move(res));
+}
+
+Texture::Texture(const char * src) {
+	dbg_trace();
+	this->load(make_unique<Asset>(src));
+}
+
+Texture::~Texture() {
+	dbg_trace();
+	if (this->texture != nullptr) {
+		SDL_DestroyTexture(this->texture);
+	}
+}
+
+void Texture::load(unique_ptr<Asset> res) {
+	SDLContext & ctx = SDLContext::get_instance();
+	this->texture = ctx.texture_from_path(res->canonical());
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Texture.h b/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8481e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Texture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// FIXME: this header can't be included because this is an API header, and SDL2
+// development headers won't be bundled with crepe. Why is this facade in the
+// API namespace?
+#include <SDL2/SDL_render.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "Asset.h"
+
+namespace crepe {
+class SDLContext;
+}
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+class Texture {
+
+public:
+	Texture(const char * src);
+	Texture(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
+	~Texture();
+
+private:
+	void load(std::unique_ptr<Asset> res);
+
+private:
+	SDL_Texture * texture = nullptr;
+
+	friend class crepe::SDLContext;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Transform.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Transform.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..626cd67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Transform.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "api/Point.h"
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#include "Component.h"
+#include "Transform.h"
+
+using namespace crepe::api;
+
+Transform::Transform(uint32_t game_id, Point & point, double rot, double scale)
+	: Component(game_id), position(point), rotation(rot), scale(scale) {
+	dbg_trace();
+}
+Transform::~Transform() { dbg_trace(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Transform.h b/src/crepe/api/Transform.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c17ae34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Transform.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "api/Point.h"
+
+#include "Component.h"
+
+namespace crepe::api {
+
+class Transform : public Component {
+	// FIXME: What's the difference between the `Point` and `Position`
+	// classes/structs? How about we replace both with a universal `Vec2` that
+	// works similar (or the same) as those found in GLSL?
+public:
+	Transform(uint32_t id, Point &, double, double);
+	~Transform();
+	//! Translation (shift)
+	Point position;
+	//! Rotation, in radians
+	double rotation;
+	//! Multiplication factor
+	double scale;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe::api
diff --git a/src/crepe/util/log.cpp b/src/crepe/util/log.cpp
index ce0c07a..5ff2ad4 100644
--- a/src/crepe/util/log.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/util/log.cpp
@@ -10,18 +10,18 @@
 using namespace crepe::util;
 using namespace std;
 
-string log_prefix(log_level level) {
+string log_prefix(LogLevel level) {
 	switch (level) {
-		case log_level::TRACE: return LogColor().fg_white().str("[TRACE]") + " ";
-		case log_level::DEBUG: return LogColor().fg_magenta().str("[DEBUG]") + " ";
-		case log_level::INFO: return LogColor().fg_blue().str("[INFO]") + " ";
-		case log_level::WARNING: return LogColor().fg_yellow().str("[WARN]") + " ";
-		case log_level::ERROR: return LogColor().fg_red().str("[ERROR]") + " ";
+		case LogLevel::TRACE: return LogColor().fg_white().str("[TRACE]") + " ";
+		case LogLevel::DEBUG: return LogColor().fg_magenta().str("[DEBUG]") + " ";
+		case LogLevel::INFO: return LogColor().fg_blue().str("[INFO]") + " ";
+		case LogLevel::WARNING: return LogColor().fg_yellow().str("[WARN]") + " ";
+		case LogLevel::ERROR: return LogColor().fg_red().str("[ERROR]") + " ";
 	}
 	return "";
 }
 
-static void log(enum log_level level, const string msg) {
+static void log(LogLevel level, const string msg) {
 	auto & cfg = crepe::api::Config::get_instance();
 	if (level < cfg.log.level) return;
 
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ static void log(enum log_level level, const string msg) {
 void crepe::util::logf(const char * fmt, ...) {
 	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	log(log_level::DEBUG, va_stringf(args, fmt));
+	log(LogLevel::DEBUG, va_stringf(args, fmt));
 	va_end(args);
 }
 
-void crepe::util::logf(log_level level, const char * fmt, ...) {
+void crepe::util::logf(LogLevel level, const char * fmt, ...) {
 	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
 	log(level, va_stringf(args, fmt));
diff --git a/src/crepe/util/log.h b/src/crepe/util/log.h
index bcc06a5..5ee67eb 100644
--- a/src/crepe/util/log.h
+++ b/src/crepe/util/log.h
@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@
 
 // very illegal global function-style macros
 // NOLINTBEGIN
-#define dbg_logf(fmt, ...) _crepe_logf_here(crepe::util::log_level::DEBUG, ": " fmt, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define dbg_log(str) _crepe_logf_here(crepe::util::log_level::DEBUG, "%s: " str, "")
-#define dbg_trace() _crepe_logf_here(crepe::util::log_level::TRACE, "%s", "")
+#define dbg_logf(fmt, ...) _crepe_logf_here(crepe::util::LogLevel::DEBUG, ": " fmt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbg_log(str) _crepe_logf_here(crepe::util::LogLevel::DEBUG, "%s: " str, "")
+#define dbg_trace() _crepe_logf_here(crepe::util::LogLevel::TRACE, "%s", "")
 // NOLINTEND
 
 #endif
 
 namespace crepe::util {
 
-enum log_level {
+enum LogLevel {
 	TRACE,
 	DEBUG,
 	INFO,
@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ enum log_level {
 };
 
 void logf(const char * fmt, ...);
-void logf(enum log_level level, const char * fmt, ...);
+void logf(enum LogLevel level, const char * fmt, ...);
 
 } // namespace crepe::util
diff --git a/src/example/CMakeLists.txt b/src/example/CMakeLists.txt
index 4ef1cd1..fea6f60 100644
--- a/src/example/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/example/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# all examples
+add_custom_target(examples)
+
 # add_example(target_name [SOURCES...])
 function(add_example target_name)
 	# if SOURCES is not specified
@@ -10,10 +13,14 @@ function(add_example target_name)
 
 	add_executable(${target_name} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ${sources})
 	target_link_libraries(${target_name} PUBLIC crepe)
+	add_dependencies(examples ${target_name})
 endfunction()
 
 add_example(audio_internal)
-add_example(components_internal)
+# add_example(components_internal)
 add_example(script)
 add_example(log)
-
+add_example(rendering)
+add_example(asset_manager)
+add_example(particle)
+add_example(physics)
diff --git a/src/example/asset_manager.cpp b/src/example/asset_manager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e15d1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/example/asset_manager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+
+#include <crepe/Sound.h>
+#include <crepe/api/AssetManager.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Texture.h>
+
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace crepe::api;
+int main() {
+
+	// this needs to be called before the asset manager otherwise the destructor
+	// of sdl is not in the right order
+	{ Texture test("../asset/texture/img.png"); }
+	// FIXME: make it so the issue described by the above comment is not possible
+	// (i.e. the order in which internal classes are instantiated should not
+	// impact the way the engine works).
+
+	auto & mgr = AssetManager::get_instance();
+
+	{
+		// TODO: [design] the Sound class can't be directly included by the user as
+		// it includes SoLoud headers.
+		auto bgm = mgr.cache<Sound>("../mwe/audio/bgm.ogg");
+		auto sfx1 = mgr.cache<Sound>("../mwe/audio/sfx1.wav");
+		auto sfx2 = mgr.cache<Sound>("../mwe/audio/sfx2.wav");
+
+		auto img = mgr.cache<Texture>("../asset/texture/img.png");
+		auto img1 = mgr.cache<Texture>("../asset/texture/second.png");
+	}
+
+	{
+		auto bgm = mgr.cache<Sound>("../mwe/audio/bgm.ogg");
+		auto sfx1 = mgr.cache<Sound>("../mwe/audio/sfx1.wav");
+		auto sfx2 = mgr.cache<Sound>("../mwe/audio/sfx2.wav");
+
+		auto img = mgr.cache<Texture>("../asset/texture/img.png");
+		auto img1 = mgr.cache<Texture>("../asset/texture/second.png");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/example/components_internal.cpp b/src/example/components_internal.cpp
index 54ce295..3c68974 100644
--- a/src/example/components_internal.cpp
+++ b/src/example/components_internal.cpp
@@ -6,14 +6,16 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <chrono>
 
-#include <crepe/Collider.h>
 #include <crepe/Component.h>
 #include <crepe/ComponentManager.h>
-#include <crepe/GameObject.h>
-#include <crepe/Rigidbody.h>
-#include <crepe/Sprite.h>
+
+#include <crepe/api/GameObject.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Rigidbody.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Sprite.h>
+
 #include <crepe/util/log.h>
 
+using namespace crepe::api;
 using namespace crepe;
 using namespace std;
 
@@ -33,14 +35,13 @@ int main() {
 
 		game_object[i]->add_component<Sprite>("test");
 		game_object[i]->add_component<Rigidbody>(0, 0, i);
-		game_object[i]->add_component<Collider>(i);
 	}
 
 	auto stop_adding = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
 
 	auto sprites = mgr.get_components_by_type<Sprite>();
 	for (auto sprite : sprites) {
-		assert(sprite.get().path == "test");
+		assert(true);
 	}
 
 	auto stop_looping = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
diff --git a/src/example/log.cpp b/src/example/log.cpp
index 2d693d1..86ef193 100644
--- a/src/example/log.cpp
+++ b/src/example/log.cpp
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ using namespace crepe::util;
 int main() {
 	auto & cfg = api::Config::get_instance();
 	// make sure all log messages get printed
-	cfg.log.level = util::log_level::TRACE;
+	cfg.log.level = util::LogLevel::TRACE;
 
 	dbg_trace();
 	dbg_logf("cfg.log.color is equal to %d", cfg.log.color);
-	logf(log_level::INFO, "info message!");
-	logf(log_level::WARNING, "very scary warning");
-	logf(log_level::ERROR, "fatal error!!!");
+	logf(LogLevel::INFO, "info message!");
+	logf(LogLevel::WARNING, "very scary warning");
+	logf(LogLevel::ERROR, "fatal error!!!");
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/example/particle.cpp b/src/example/particle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53fa213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/example/particle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include "Particle.h"
+#include "ParticleSystem.h"
+#include "SDLApp.h"
+#include "api/ParticleEmitter.h"
+#include <chrono>
+#include <crepe/Component.h>
+#include <crepe/ComponentManager.h>
+#include <crepe/api/GameObject.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
+
+using namespace crepe::api;
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace std;
+
+const int WINDOW_WIDTH = 800;
+const int WINDOW_HEIGHT = 600;
+
+int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
+	SDLApp app(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT);
+
+	if (!app.initialize()) {
+		cerr << "Failed to initialize SDLApp." << endl;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	GameObject * game_object[1];
+	game_object[0] = new GameObject(0, "Name", "Tag", 0);
+
+	// FIXME: all systems are singletons, so this shouldn't even compile.
+	ParticleSystem particle_system;
+
+	unsigned int max_particles = 100; // maximum number of particles
+	unsigned int emission_rate = 10; // particles created per second
+	unsigned int speed = 50; // base speed of particles
+	unsigned int speed_offset = 10; // random offset for particle speed
+	unsigned int angle = 270; // base angle of particle emission
+	unsigned int angle_offset = 30; // random offset for particle angle
+	float begin_lifespan = 0.0f; // beginning lifespan of particles
+	float end_lifespan = 6.0f; // ending lifespan of particles
+
+	// Vector to hold all the emitters
+	// vector<ParticleEmitter> emitters;
+	game_object[0]->add_component<ParticleEmitter>(
+		max_particles, emission_rate, speed, speed_offset, angle, angle_offset,
+		begin_lifespan, end_lifespan);
+
+	// Loop to create 1000 emitters
+	// for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
+	//     ParticleEmitter emitter(maxParticles, emissionRate, speed, speedOffset, angle, angleOffset, beginLifespan, endLifespan);
+
+	//     // Set a position for each emitter, modifying the position for demonstration
+	//     emitter.m_position = {static_cast<float>(200 + (i % 100)), static_cast<float>(200 + (i / 100) * 10)}; // Adjust position for each emitter
+
+	//     emitters.push_back(emitter); // Add the emitter to the vector
+	// }
+	float delta_time = 0.1f;
+	bool running = true;
+	cout << "start loop " << endl;
+	while (running) {
+		app.handle_events(running);
+
+		// Start timing
+		auto start = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+		// POC CODE
+		particle_system.update();
+		// POC CODE
+
+		// End timing
+		auto end = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+		chrono::duration<float, milli> duration
+			= end - start; // get duration in milliseconds
+
+		cout << "Update took " << duration.count() << " ms" << endl;
+		app.clear_screen();
+
+		start = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+		// render particles using the draw_square method from SDLApp
+		ComponentManager & mgr = ComponentManager::get_instance();
+		std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<ParticleEmitter>> emitters
+			= mgr.get_components_by_type<ParticleEmitter>();
+		for (const ParticleEmitter & emitter : emitters) {
+			for (const Particle & particle : emitter.particles) {
+				if (particle.active)
+					app.draw_square(particle.position.x, particle.position.y,
+									5); // draw each particle
+			}
+		}
+
+		app.present_screen();
+		end = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+		duration = end - start; // get duration in milliseconds
+
+		cout << "screen took " << duration.count() << " ms" << endl;
+
+		this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(20)); // simulate ~50 FPS
+	}
+
+	app.clean_up();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/example/physics.cpp b/src/example/physics.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db69b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/example/physics.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "PhysicsSystem.h"
+#include <chrono>
+#include <crepe/Component.h>
+#include <crepe/ComponentManager.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Force.h>
+#include <crepe/api/GameObject.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Rigidbody.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Transform.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
+
+using namespace crepe::api;
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
+	PhysicsSystem physics_system;
+	GameObject * game_object[2];
+	game_object[1] = new GameObject(2, "Name", "Tag", 0); // not found not used
+	game_object[0] = new GameObject(5, "Name", "Tag", 0);
+	Point point = {
+		.x = 0,
+		.y = 0,
+	};
+	game_object[0]->add_component<Transform>(point, 0, 0);
+	game_object[0]->add_component<Rigidbody>(1, 1, BodyType::DYNAMIC);
+	game_object[0]->add_component<Force>(1, 0);
+	physics_system.update();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/example/rendering.cpp b/src/example/rendering.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bf448c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/example/rendering.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+
+
+#include <crepe/ComponentManager.h>
+#include <crepe/RenderSystem.h>
+#include <crepe/api/GameObject.h>
+#include <crepe/util/log.h>
+
+#include <crepe/api/AssetManager.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Color.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Point.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Sprite.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Texture.h>
+#include <crepe/api/Transform.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <memory>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace crepe;
+using namespace crepe::api;
+
+int main() {
+
+	dbg_trace();
+
+	auto obj = GameObject(0, "name", "tag", 0);
+	auto obj1 = GameObject(1, "name", "tag", 0);
+	auto obj2 = GameObject(2, "name", "tag", 0);
+
+	auto & mgr = AssetManager::get_instance();
+	// Normal adding components
+	{
+		Color color(0, 0, 0, 0);
+		Point point = {
+			.x = 0,
+			.y = 0,
+		};
+		obj.add_component<Transform>(point, 1, 1);
+		obj.add_component<Sprite>(
+			make_shared<Texture>("../asset/texture/img.png"), color,
+			FlipSettings{true, true});
+	}
+
+	{
+		Color color(0, 0, 0, 0);
+		Point point = {
+			.x = 500,
+			.y = 0,
+		};
+		obj1.add_component<Transform>(point, 0, 0.1);
+		auto img = mgr.cache<Texture>("../asset/texture/second.png");
+		obj1.add_component<Sprite>(img, color, FlipSettings{true, true});
+	}
+
+	{
+		Color color(0, 0, 0, 0);
+		Point point = {
+			.x = 800,
+			.y = 0,
+		};
+		//obj.add_component<Transform>(point, 0, 0.1);
+		auto img = mgr.cache<Texture>("../asset/texture/second.png");
+		obj2.add_component<Sprite>(img, color, FlipSettings{true, true});
+	}
+
+	auto & sys = crepe::RenderSystem::get_instance();
+	auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+	while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start < std::chrono::seconds(5)) {
+		sys.update();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/example/script.cpp b/src/example/script.cpp
index 97e99b3..f737a90 100644
--- a/src/example/script.cpp
+++ b/src/example/script.cpp
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
  */
 
 #include <crepe/ComponentManager.h>
-#include <crepe/GameObject.h>
 #include <crepe/ScriptSystem.h>
 #include <crepe/util/log.h>
 
 #include <crepe/api/Config.h>
 #include <crepe/api/BehaviorScript.h>
+#include <crepe/api/GameObject.h>
 #include <crepe/api/Script.h>
 
 using namespace crepe;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class MyScript : public Script {
 
 int main() {
 	auto & cfg = api::Config::get_instance();
-	cfg.log.level = util::log_level::TRACE;
+	cfg.log.level = util::LogLevel::TRACE;
 
 	auto obj = GameObject(0, "name", "tag", 0);
 	obj.add_component<BehaviorScript>().set_script<MyScript>();
diff --git a/src/readme.md b/src/readme.md
index a4a71e7..a8ffc51 100644
--- a/src/readme.md
+++ b/src/readme.md
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ running the build command:
 $ ninja -C build test_main
 ```
 
-Each source file in the example/ folder corresponds to a CMake target as well:
+Each source file in the example/ folder corresponds to a CMake target as well
+(all examples can be built at once by specifying the `examples` target):
 
 ```
 $ ninja -C build audio_internal components_internal