Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/lonkaars/crepe into wouter/events

35 files changed, 616 insertions, 159 deletions

diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
index 3ae6c28..8ce4033 100644
--- a/.clang-format
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ ReflowComments: false
 AlignEscapedNewlines: DontAlign
 BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: All
 AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
+PackConstructorInitializers: CurrentLine
 ...
 
 # vim: ft=yaml
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 180afb8..8bfb819 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ compile_commands.json
 CTestTestfile.cmake
 _deps
 CMakeUserPresets.json
-
+compile.sh
diff --git a/contributing.md b/contributing.md
index 8799057..3090727 100644
--- a/contributing.md
+++ b/contributing.md
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ that you can click on to open them.
   - Implementation details (if applicable)
 - Header files (`.h`) contain the following types of comments:
   - [Usage documentation](#documentation) (required)
-    > [!NOTE]
-    > Constructors/destructors aren't required to have a `\brief` description
   - Implementation details (if they affect the header)
   - Design/data structure decisions (if applicable)
 - <details><summary>
@@ -436,7 +434,8 @@ that you can click on to open them.
   ```
   </td></tr></table></details>
 - <details><summary>
-  Variables that are being moved always use the fully qualified <code>std::move</code>
+  Variables that are being moved always use the fully qualified
+  <code>std::move</code>
   </summary><table><tr><th>Good</th><th>Bad</th></tr><tr><td>
 
   ```cpp
@@ -652,6 +651,33 @@ that you can click on to open them.
   bool bar = 0;
   ```
   </td></tr></table></details>
+- <details><summary>
+  The reason for <code>friend</code> relations are documented
+  </summary><table><tr><th>Good</th><th>Bad</th></tr><tr><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  //! ComponentManager calls the private constructor of this class
+  friend class ComponentManager;
+  ```
+  </td><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  friend class ComponentManager;
+  ```
+  </td></tr></table></details>
+- <details><summary>
+  Do not <i>pick</i> fixed-width integer types (unless required)
+  </summary><table><tr><th>Good</th><th>Bad</th></tr><tr><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  unsigned long long foo();
+  ```
+  </td><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  uint64_t foo();
+  ```
+  </td></tr></table></details>
 
 ## CMakeLists-specific
 
@@ -702,6 +728,67 @@ that you can click on to open them.
   void foo();
   ```
   </td></tr></table></details>
+- <details><summary>
+  The default constructor and destructor aren't required to have a
+  <code>\brief</code> description
+  </summary><table><tr><th>Good</th><th>Bad</th></tr><tr><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  Foo();
+  virtual ~Foo();
+  ```
+  </td><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  //! Create instance of Foo
+  Foo();
+  //! Destroy instance of Foo
+  virtual ~Foo();
+  ```
+  </td></tr></table></details>
+- <details><summary>
+  Parameter direction shouldn't be specified using Doxygen
+  </summary><table><tr><th>Good</th><th>Bad</th></tr><tr><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  /**
+   * \param bar  Reference to Bar
+   */
+  void foo(const Bar & bar);
+  ```
+  </td><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  /**
+   * \param[in] bar  Reference to Bar
+   */
+  void foo(const Bar & bar);
+  ```
+  </td></tr></table></details>
+- <details><summary>
+  Deleted functions shouldn't have Doxygen comments
+  </summary><table><tr><th>Good</th><th>Bad</th></tr><tr><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  // singleton
+  Foo(const Foo &) = delete;
+  Foo(Foo &&) = delete;
+  Foo & operator=(const Foo &) = delete;
+  Foo & operator=(Foo &&) = delete;
+  ```
+  </td><td>
+
+  ```cpp
+  //! Deleted copy constructor
+  Foo(const Foo &) = delete;
+  //! Deleted move constructor
+  Foo(Foo &&) = delete;
+  //! Deleted copy assignment operator
+  Foo & operator=(const Foo &) = delete;
+  //! Deleted move assignment operator
+  Foo & operator=(Foo &&) = delete;
+  ```
+  </td></tr></table></details>
 
 # Libraries
 
diff --git a/mwe/ecs-homemade/src/Components.cpp b/mwe/ecs-homemade/src/Components.cpp
index de8753e..0d62bd5 100644
--- a/mwe/ecs-homemade/src/Components.cpp
+++ b/mwe/ecs-homemade/src/Components.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ Component::Component() : mActive(true) {}
 Sprite::Sprite(std::string path) : mPath(path) {}
 
 Rigidbody::Rigidbody(int mass, int gravityScale, int bodyType)
-	: mMass(mass), mGravityScale(gravityScale), mBodyType(bodyType) {}
+	: mMass(mass),
+	  mGravityScale(gravityScale),
+	  mBodyType(bodyType) {}
 
 Colider::Colider(int size) : mSize(size) {}
 
diff --git a/mwe/ecs-homemade/src/GameObjectMax.cpp b/mwe/ecs-homemade/src/GameObjectMax.cpp
index b0c5af7..753c8e2 100644
--- a/mwe/ecs-homemade/src/GameObjectMax.cpp
+++ b/mwe/ecs-homemade/src/GameObjectMax.cpp
@@ -4,4 +4,8 @@
 
 GameObject::GameObject(std::uint32_t id, std::string name, std::string tag,
 					   int layer)
-	: mId(id), mName(name), mTag(tag), mActive(true), mLayer(layer) {}
+	: mId(id),
+	  mName(name),
+	  mTag(tag),
+	  mActive(true),
+	  mLayer(layer) {}
diff --git a/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/inc/ContiguousContainer.hpp b/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/inc/ContiguousContainer.hpp
index 408d5aa..ff8fde4 100644
--- a/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/inc/ContiguousContainer.hpp
+++ b/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/inc/ContiguousContainer.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 template <typename T>
-ContiguousContainer<T>::ContiguousContainer() : mSize(0), mCapacity(10) {
+ContiguousContainer<T>::ContiguousContainer() : mSize(0),
+												mCapacity(10) {
 	// Allocate memory for 10 objects initially
 	mData = static_cast<T *>(malloc(mCapacity * sizeof(T)));
 	if (!mData) {
diff --git a/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/src/Components.cpp b/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/src/Components.cpp
index c8347b3..2ec8609 100644
--- a/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/src/Components.cpp
+++ b/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/src/Components.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Component::Component() : mActive(true) {}
 Sprite::Sprite(std::string path) : mPath(path) {}
 
 Rigidbody::Rigidbody(int mass, int gravityScale, int bodyType)
-	: mMass(mass), mGravityScale(gravityScale), mBodyType(bodyType) {}
+	: mMass(mass),
+	  mGravityScale(gravityScale),
+	  mBodyType(bodyType) {}
 
 Colider::Colider(int size) : mSize(size) {}
diff --git a/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/src/GameObjectMax.cpp b/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/src/GameObjectMax.cpp
index b0c5af7..753c8e2 100644
--- a/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/src/GameObjectMax.cpp
+++ b/mwe/ecs-memory-efficient/src/GameObjectMax.cpp
@@ -4,4 +4,8 @@
 
 GameObject::GameObject(std::uint32_t id, std::string name, std::string tag,
 					   int layer)
-	: mId(id), mName(name), mTag(tag), mActive(true), mLayer(layer) {}
+	: mId(id),
+	  mName(name),
+	  mTag(tag),
+	  mActive(true),
+	  mLayer(layer) {}
diff --git a/mwe/events/include/customTypes.h b/mwe/events/include/customTypes.h
index a5d8dc9..415b989 100644
--- a/mwe/events/include/customTypes.h
+++ b/mwe/events/include/customTypes.h
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ struct Collision {
 	// Constructor to initialize a Collision
 	Collision(int idA, int idB, const Vector2 & point, const Vector2 & normal,
 			  float depth)
-		: objectIdA(idA), objectIdB(idB), contactPoint(point),
+		: objectIdA(idA),
+		  objectIdB(idB),
+		  contactPoint(point),
 		  contactNormal(normal) {}
 };
diff --git a/mwe/events/include/eventHandler.h b/mwe/events/include/eventHandler.h
index aa8f63b..3a83b15 100644
--- a/mwe/events/include/eventHandler.h
+++ b/mwe/events/include/eventHandler.h
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ class EventHandlerWrapper : public IEventHandlerWrapper {
 public:
 	explicit EventHandlerWrapper(const EventHandler<EventType> & handler,
 								 const bool destroyOnSuccess = false)
-		: m_handler(handler), m_handlerType(m_handler.target_type().name()),
+		: m_handler(handler),
+		  m_handlerType(m_handler.target_type().name()),
 		  m_destroyOnSuccess(destroyOnSuccess) {
 		// std::cout << m_handlerType << std::endl;
 	}
diff --git a/mwe/events/src/event.cpp b/mwe/events/src/event.cpp
index 0c9f3ed..8ffa0b1 100644
--- a/mwe/events/src/event.cpp
+++ b/mwe/events/src/event.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ void Event::markHandled() { isHandled = true; }
 
 // KeyPressedEvent class methods
 KeyPressedEvent::KeyPressedEvent(int keycode)
-	: Event("KeyPressedEvent"), key(keycode), repeatCount(0) {}
+	: Event("KeyPressedEvent"),
+	  key(keycode),
+	  repeatCount(0) {}
 
 Keycode KeyPressedEvent::getKeyCode() const { return key; }
 
@@ -31,13 +33,16 @@ int KeyPressedEvent::getRepeatCount() const { return repeatCount; }
 
 // KeyReleasedEvent class methods
 KeyReleasedEvent::KeyReleasedEvent(int keycode)
-	: Event("KeyReleasedEvent"), key(keycode) {}
+	: Event("KeyReleasedEvent"),
+	  key(keycode) {}
 
 Keycode KeyReleasedEvent::getKeyCode() const { return key; }
 
 // MousePressedEvent class methods
 MousePressedEvent::MousePressedEvent(int mouseX, int mouseY)
-	: Event("MousePressedEvent"), mouseX(mouseX), mouseY(mouseY) {}
+	: Event("MousePressedEvent"),
+	  mouseX(mouseX),
+	  mouseY(mouseY) {}
 
 std::pair<int, int> MousePressedEvent::getMousePosition() const {
 	return {mouseX, mouseY};
@@ -45,26 +50,36 @@ std::pair<int, int> MousePressedEvent::getMousePosition() const {
 
 //Collision event
 CollisionEvent::CollisionEvent(Collision collision)
-	: collisionData(collision), Event("CollisionEvent") {}
+	: collisionData(collision),
+	  Event("CollisionEvent") {}
 
 Collision CollisionEvent::getCollisionData() const {
 	return this->collisionData;
 }
 
 TextSubmitEvent::TextSubmitEvent(std::string text)
-	: text(text), Event("TextSubmitEvent") {}
+	: text(text),
+	  Event("TextSubmitEvent") {}
 
 std::string TextSubmitEvent::getText() const { return this->text; }
 
 MouseReleasedEvent::MouseReleasedEvent(int x, int y, MouseButton button)
-	: mouseX(x), mouseY(y), button(button), Event("MouseReleased") {}
+	: mouseX(x),
+	  mouseY(y),
+	  button(button),
+	  Event("MouseReleased") {}
 std::pair<int, int> MouseReleasedEvent::getMousePosition() const {
 	return {mouseX, mouseY};
 }
 MouseClickEvent::MouseClickEvent(int x, int y, MouseButton button)
-	: mouseX(x), mouseY(y), button(button), Event("MouseClickEvent") {}
+	: mouseX(x),
+	  mouseY(y),
+	  button(button),
+	  Event("MouseClickEvent") {}
 MouseMovedEvent::MouseMovedEvent(int x, int y)
-	: mouseX(x), mouseY(y), Event("MouseMovedEvent") {}
+	: mouseX(x),
+	  mouseY(y),
+	  Event("MouseMovedEvent") {}
 std::pair<int, int> MouseClickEvent::getMousePosition() const {
 	return {mouseX, mouseY};
 }
diff --git a/mwe/events/src/main.cpp b/mwe/events/src/main.cpp
index d49cf74..f4e7390 100644
--- a/mwe/events/src/main.cpp
+++ b/mwe/events/src/main.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
 class PlayerDamagedEvent : public Event {
 public:
 	PlayerDamagedEvent(int damage, int playerID)
-		: Event("PlayerDamaged"), damage(damage), playerID(playerID) {}
+		: Event("PlayerDamaged"),
+		  damage(damage),
+		  playerID(playerID) {}
 
 	REGISTER_EVENT_TYPE(PlayerDamagedEvent);
 
diff --git a/mwe/events/src/uiObject.cpp b/mwe/events/src/uiObject.cpp
index 8405469..947d1a2 100644
--- a/mwe/events/src/uiObject.cpp
+++ b/mwe/events/src/uiObject.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ UIObject::UIObject(int width, int height) : width(width), height(height) {}
 Button::Button(int width, int height) : UIObject(width, height) {}
 
 Text::Text(int width, int height)
-	: UIObject(width, height), size(12), font(nullptr),
+	: UIObject(width, height),
+	  size(12),
+	  font(nullptr),
 	  color{255, 255, 255} { // Default size and color
 	alignment.horizontal = Alignment::Horizontal::CENTER;
 	alignment.vertical = Alignment::Vertical::MIDDLE;
@@ -15,8 +17,13 @@ Text::Text(int width, int height)
 }
 
 TextInput::TextInput(int width, int height)
-	: UIObject(width, height), textBuffer(""), placeholder(""), isActive(false),
-	  textColor{255, 255, 255}, backgroundColor{0, 0, 0}, maxLength(100),
+	: UIObject(width, height),
+	  textBuffer(""),
+	  placeholder(""),
+	  isActive(false),
+	  textColor{255, 255, 255},
+	  backgroundColor{0, 0, 0},
+	  maxLength(100),
 	  font(nullptr) {
 	alignment.horizontal = Alignment::Horizontal::LEFT;
 	alignment.vertical = Alignment::Vertical::TOP;
diff --git a/mwe/gameloop/src/gameObject.cpp b/mwe/gameloop/src/gameObject.cpp
index 78217c4..b33dc78 100644
--- a/mwe/gameloop/src/gameObject.cpp
+++ b/mwe/gameloop/src/gameObject.cpp
@@ -26,5 +26,10 @@ void GameObject::setVelY(float value) { velY = value; }
 
 GameObject::GameObject(std::string name, float x, float y, float width,
 					   float height, float velX, float velY)
-	: name(name), x(x), y(y), width(width), height(height), velX(velX),
+	: name(name),
+	  x(x),
+	  y(y),
+	  width(width),
+	  height(height),
+	  velX(velX),
 	  velY(velY) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/ValueBroker.hpp b/src/crepe/ValueBroker.hpp
index 927142f..5c3bed9 100644
--- a/src/crepe/ValueBroker.hpp
+++ b/src/crepe/ValueBroker.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ namespace crepe {
 
 template <typename T>
 ValueBroker<T>::ValueBroker(const setter_t & setter, const getter_t & getter)
-	: setter(setter), getter(getter) {}
+	: setter(setter),
+	  getter(getter) {}
 
 template <typename T>
 const T & ValueBroker<T>::get() {
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
index 8b396af..58fee2a 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Animator.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@
 using namespace crepe;
 
 Animator::Animator(uint32_t id, Sprite & ss, int row, int col, int col_animator)
-	: Component(id), spritesheet(ss), row(row), col(col) {
+	: Component(id),
+	  spritesheet(ss),
+	  row(row),
+	  col(col) {
 	dbg_trace();
 
 	animator_rect = spritesheet.sprite_rect;
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.h b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.h
index fefbed9..dbfaef3 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/AssetManager.h
@@ -7,9 +7,19 @@
 
 namespace crepe {
 
+/**
+ * \brief The AssetManager is responsible for storing and managing assets over
+ * multiple scenes.
+ * 
+ * The AssetManager ensures that assets are loaded once and can be accessed
+ * across different scenes. It caches assets to avoid reloading them every time
+ * a scene is loaded. Assets are retained in memory until the AssetManager is
+ * destroyed, at which point the cached assets are cleared.
+ */
 class AssetManager {
 
 private:
+	//! A cache that holds all the assets, accessible by their file path, over multiple scenes.
 	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::any> asset_cache;
 
 private:
@@ -22,12 +32,31 @@ public:
 	AssetManager & operator=(const AssetManager &) = delete;
 	AssetManager & operator=(AssetManager &&) = delete;
 
+	/**
+	 * \brief Retrieves the singleton instance of the AssetManager.
+	 *
+	 * \return A reference to the single instance of the AssetManager.
+	 */
 	static AssetManager & get_instance();
 
 public:
-	template <typename asset>
-	std::shared_ptr<asset> cache(const std::string & file_path,
-								 bool reload = false);
+	/**
+	 * \brief Caches an asset by loading it from the given file path.
+	 *
+	 * \param file_path The path to the asset file to load.
+	 * \param reload If true, the asset will be reloaded from the file, even if
+	 * it is already cached.
+	 * \tparam T The type of asset to cache (e.g., texture, sound, etc.).
+	 * 
+	 * \return A shared pointer to the cached asset.
+	 * 
+	 * This template function caches the asset at the given file path. If the
+	 * asset is already cached and `reload` is false, the existing cached version
+	 * will be returned. Otherwise, the asset will be reloaded and added to the
+	 * cache.
+	 */
+	template <typename T>
+	std::shared_ptr<T> cache(const std::string & file_path, bool reload = false);
 };
 
 } // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
index 4e8f8a0..87cbb09 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/crepe/api/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC
 	Vector2.cpp
 	Camera.cpp
 	Animator.cpp
-	EventManager.cpp
-	EventHandler.cpp
-	IKeyListener.cpp
-	IMouseListener.cpp
 )
 
 target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
@@ -46,9 +42,4 @@ target_sources(crepe PUBLIC FILE_SET HEADERS FILES
 	SceneManager.hpp
 	Camera.h
 	Animator.h
-	EventManager.h
-	EventHandler.h
-	Event.h
-	IKeyListener.h
-	IMouseListener.h
 )
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
index 820a6a8..6355a03 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Camera.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 using namespace crepe;
 
 Camera::Camera(uint32_t id, const Color & bg_color)
-	: Component(id), bg_color(bg_color) {
+	: Component(id),
+	  bg_color(bg_color) {
 	dbg_trace();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/CircleCollider.h b/src/crepe/api/CircleCollider.h
index caa7e43..e77a592 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/CircleCollider.h
+++ b/src/crepe/api/CircleCollider.h
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ namespace crepe {
 class CircleCollider : public Collider {
 public:
 	CircleCollider(game_object_id_t game_object_id, int radius)
-		: Collider(game_object_id), radius(radius) {}
+		: Collider(game_object_id),
+		  radius(radius) {}
 	int radius;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.cpp b/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e9823f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+
+#include "../facade/SDLContext.h"
+#include "../system/RenderSystem.h"
+#include "../system/ScriptSystem.h"
+
+#include "LoopManager.h"
+#include "LoopTimer.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+LoopManager::LoopManager() {}
+void LoopManager::process_input() {
+	SDLContext::get_instance().handle_events(this->game_running);
+}
+void LoopManager::start() {
+	this->setup();
+	this->loop();
+}
+void LoopManager::set_running(bool running) { this->game_running = running; }
+
+void LoopManager::fixed_update() {}
+
+void LoopManager::loop() {
+	LoopTimer & timer = LoopTimer::get_instance();
+	timer.start();
+
+	while (game_running) {
+		timer.update();
+
+		while (timer.get_lag() >= timer.get_fixed_delta_time()) {
+			this->process_input();
+			this->fixed_update();
+			timer.advance_fixed_update();
+		}
+
+		this->update();
+		this->render();
+
+		timer.enforce_frame_rate();
+	}
+}
+
+void LoopManager::setup() {
+	this->game_running = true;
+	LoopTimer::get_instance().start();
+	LoopTimer::get_instance().set_fps(60);
+}
+
+void LoopManager::render() {
+	if (this->game_running) {
+		RenderSystem::get_instance().update();
+	}
+}
+
+void LoopManager::update() { LoopTimer & timer = LoopTimer::get_instance(); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.h b/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f03193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/LoopManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+class RenderSystem;
+class SDLContext;
+class LoopTimer;
+class ScriptSystem;
+class SoundSystem;
+class ParticleSystem;
+class PhysicsSystem;
+class AnimatorSystem;
+class CollisionSystem;
+namespace crepe {
+
+class LoopManager {
+public:
+	void start();
+	LoopManager();
+
+private:
+	/**
+	 * \brief Setup function for one-time initialization.
+	 *
+	 * This function initializes necessary components for the game.
+	 */
+	void setup();
+	/**
+	 * \brief Main game loop function.
+	 *
+	 * This function runs the main loop, handling game updates and rendering.
+	 */
+	void loop();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Function for handling input-related system calls.
+	 *
+	 * Processes user inputs from keyboard and mouse.
+	 */
+	void process_input();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Per-frame update.
+	 *
+	 * Updates the game state based on the elapsed time since the last frame.
+	 */
+	void update();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Late update which is called after update().
+	 *
+	 * This function can be used for final adjustments before rendering.
+	 */
+	void late_update();
+
+	/**
+	 * \brief Fixed update executed at a fixed rate.
+	 *
+	 * This function updates physics and game logic based on LoopTimer's fixed_delta_time.
+	 */
+	void fixed_update();
+	/**
+	 * \brief Set game running variable
+	 *
+	 * \param running running (false = game shutdown, true = game running)
+	 */
+	void set_running(bool running);
+	/**
+	 * \brief Function for executing render-related systems.
+	 *
+	 * Renders the current state of the game to the screen.
+	 */
+	void render();
+
+	bool game_running = false;
+	//#TODO add system instances
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.cpp b/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f09e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include "../facade/SDLContext.h"
+#include "../util/log.h"
+
+#include "LoopTimer.h"
+
+using namespace crepe;
+
+LoopTimer::LoopTimer() { dbg_trace(); }
+
+LoopTimer & LoopTimer::get_instance() {
+	static LoopTimer instance;
+	return instance;
+}
+
+void LoopTimer::start() {
+	this->last_frame_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+	this->elapsed_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(0);
+	this->elapsed_fixed_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(0);
+	this->delta_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(0);
+}
+
+void LoopTimer::update() {
+	auto current_frame_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+	// Convert to duration in seconds for delta time
+	this->delta_time
+		= std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(
+			current_frame_time - last_frame_time);
+
+	if (this->delta_time > this->maximum_delta_time) {
+		this->delta_time = this->maximum_delta_time;
+	}
+
+	this->delta_time *= this->game_scale;
+	this->elapsed_time += this->delta_time;
+	this->last_frame_time = current_frame_time;
+}
+
+double LoopTimer::get_delta_time() const { return this->delta_time.count(); }
+
+double LoopTimer::get_current_time() const {
+	return this->elapsed_time.count();
+}
+
+void LoopTimer::advance_fixed_update() {
+	this->elapsed_fixed_time += this->fixed_delta_time;
+}
+
+double LoopTimer::get_fixed_delta_time() const {
+	return this->fixed_delta_time.count();
+}
+
+void LoopTimer::set_fps(int fps) {
+	this->fps = fps;
+	// target time per frame in seconds
+	this->frame_target_time = std::chrono::seconds(1) / fps;
+}
+
+int LoopTimer::get_fps() const { return this->fps; }
+
+void LoopTimer::set_game_scale(double value) { this->game_scale = value; }
+
+double LoopTimer::get_game_scale() const { return this->game_scale; }
+void LoopTimer::enforce_frame_rate() {
+	std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point current_frame_time
+		= std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+	std::chrono::milliseconds frame_duration
+		= std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+			current_frame_time - this->last_frame_time);
+
+	if (frame_duration < this->frame_target_time) {
+		std::chrono::milliseconds delay_time
+			= std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+				this->frame_target_time - frame_duration);
+		if (delay_time.count() > 0) {
+			SDLContext::get_instance().delay(delay_time.count());
+		}
+	}
+
+	this->last_frame_time = current_frame_time;
+}
+
+double LoopTimer::get_lag() const {
+	return (this->elapsed_time - this->elapsed_fixed_time).count();
+}
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.h b/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85687be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crepe/api/LoopTimer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace crepe {
+
+class LoopTimer {
+public:
+	/**
+     * \brief Get the singleton instance of LoopTimer.
+     *
+     * \return A reference to the LoopTimer instance.
+     */
+	static LoopTimer & get_instance();
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Get the current delta time for the current frame.
+     *
+     * \return Delta time in seconds since the last frame.
+     */
+	double get_delta_time() const;
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Get the current game time.
+     *
+     * \note The current game time may vary from real-world elapsed time.
+     * It is the cumulative sum of each frame's delta time.
+     *
+     * \return Elapsed game time in seconds.
+     */
+	double get_current_time() const;
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Set the target frames per second (FPS).
+     *
+     * \param fps The desired frames rendered per second.
+     */
+	void set_fps(int fps);
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Get the current frames per second (FPS).
+     *
+     * \return Current FPS.
+     */
+	int get_fps() const;
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Get the current game scale.
+     *
+     * \return The current game scale, where 0 = paused, 1 = normal speed, and values > 1 speed up the game.
+     */
+	double get_game_scale() const;
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Set the game scale.
+     *
+     * \param game_scale The desired game scale (0 = pause, 1 = normal speed, > 1 = speed up).
+     */
+	void set_game_scale(double game_scale);
+
+private:
+	friend class LoopManager;
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Start the loop timer.
+     *
+     * Initializes the timer to begin tracking frame times.
+     */
+	void start();
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Enforce the frame rate limit.
+     *
+     * Ensures that the game loop does not exceed the target FPS by delaying
+     * frame updates as necessary.
+     */
+	void enforce_frame_rate();
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Get the fixed delta time for consistent updates.
+     *
+     * Fixed delta time is used for operations that require uniform time steps,
+     * such as physics calculations.
+     *
+     * \return Fixed delta time in seconds.
+     */
+	double get_fixed_delta_time() const;
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Get the accumulated lag in the game loop.
+     *
+     * Lag represents the difference between the target frame time and the
+     * actual frame time, useful for managing fixed update intervals.
+     *
+     * \return Accumulated lag in seconds.
+     */
+	double get_lag() const;
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Construct a new LoopTimer object.
+     *
+     * Private constructor for singleton pattern to restrict instantiation
+     * outside the class.
+     */
+	LoopTimer();
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Update the timer to the current frame.
+     *
+     * Calculates and updates the delta time for the current frame and adds it to
+     * the cumulative game time.
+     */
+	void update();
+
+	/**
+     * \brief Advance the game loop by a fixed update interval.
+     *
+     * This method progresses the game state by a consistent, fixed time step,
+     * allowing for stable updates independent of frame rate fluctuations.
+     */
+	void advance_fixed_update();
+
+private:
+	//! Current frames per second
+	int fps = 50;
+	//! Current game scale
+	double game_scale = 1;
+	//! Maximum delta time in seconds to avoid large jumps
+	std::chrono::duration<double> maximum_delta_time{0.25};
+	//! Delta time for the current frame in seconds
+	std::chrono::duration<double> delta_time{0.0};
+	//! Target time per frame in seconds
+	std::chrono::duration<double> frame_target_time
+		= std::chrono::seconds(1) / fps;
+	//! Fixed delta time for fixed updates in seconds
+	std::chrono::duration<double> fixed_delta_time
+		= std::chrono::seconds(1) / 50;
+	//! Total elapsed game time in seconds
+	std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed_time{0.0};
+	//! Total elapsed time for fixed updates in seconds
+	std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed_fixed_time{0.0};
+	//! Time of the last frame
+	std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_frame_time;
+};
+
+} // namespace crepe
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Metadata.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Metadata.cpp
index 76f11d7..d421de5 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Metadata.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Metadata.cpp
@@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ using namespace crepe;
 using namespace std;
 
 Metadata::Metadata(game_object_id_t id, const string & name, const string & tag)
-	: Component(id), name(name), tag(tag) {}
+	: Component(id),
+	  name(name),
+	  tag(tag) {}
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.cpp b/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.cpp
index 3b2e2f2..0bc2197 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.cpp
@@ -11,9 +11,14 @@ ParticleEmitter::ParticleEmitter(game_object_id_t id, uint32_t max_particles,
 								 uint32_t speed_offset, uint32_t angle,
 								 uint32_t angleOffset, float begin_lifespan,
 								 float end_lifespan)
-	: Component(id), max_particles(max_particles), emission_rate(emission_rate),
-	  speed(speed), speed_offset(speed_offset), position{0, 0},
-	  begin_lifespan(begin_lifespan), end_lifespan(end_lifespan) {
+	: Component(id),
+	  max_particles(max_particles),
+	  emission_rate(emission_rate),
+	  speed(speed),
+	  speed_offset(speed_offset),
+	  position{0, 0},
+	  begin_lifespan(begin_lifespan),
+	  end_lifespan(end_lifespan) {
 	std::srand(
 		static_cast<uint32_t>(std::time(nullptr))); // initialize random seed
 	std::cout << "Create emitter" << std::endl;
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.cpp
index cbf1325..3bf1c5b 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Rigidbody.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 using namespace crepe;
 
 crepe::Rigidbody::Rigidbody(uint32_t game_object_id, const Data & data)
-	: Component(game_object_id), data(data) {}
+	: Component(game_object_id),
+	  data(data) {}
 
 void crepe::Rigidbody::add_force_linear(const Vector2 & force) {
 	this->data.linear_velocity += force;
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
index f9cd761..6f0433f 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ using namespace crepe;
 
 Sprite::Sprite(game_object_id_t id, const shared_ptr<Texture> image,
 			   const Color & color, const FlipSettings & flip)
-	: Component(id), color(color), flip(flip), sprite_image(image) {
+	: Component(id),
+	  color(color),
+	  flip(flip),
+	  sprite_image(image) {
 	dbg_trace();
 
 	this->sprite_rect.w = sprite_image->get_width();
diff --git a/src/crepe/api/Transform.cpp b/src/crepe/api/Transform.cpp
index a244bc5..e401120 100644
--- a/src/crepe/api/Transform.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/api/Transform.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ using namespace crepe;
 
 Transform::Transform(game_object_id_t id, const Vector2 & point,
 					 double rotation, double scale)
-	: Component(id), position(point), rotation(rotation), scale(scale) {
+	: Component(id),
+	  position(point),
+	  rotation(rotation),
+	  scale(scale) {
 	dbg_trace();
 }
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
index c4c96e2..46230b4 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ SDLContext::texture_from_path(const std::string & path) {
 
 	SDL_Surface * tmp = IMG_Load(path.c_str());
 	if (tmp == nullptr) {
-		throw Exception("surface cannot be load from %s", path.c_str());
+		tmp = IMG_Load("../asset/texture/ERROR.png");	
 	}
 
 	std::unique_ptr<SDL_Surface, std::function<void(SDL_Surface *)>>
@@ -191,3 +191,4 @@ int SDLContext::get_height(const Texture & ctx) const {
 	SDL_QueryTexture(ctx.texture.get(), NULL, NULL, NULL, &h);
 	return h;
 }
+void SDLContext::delay(int ms) const { SDL_Delay(ms); }
diff --git a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
index e358c21..536dec5 100644
--- a/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
+++ b/src/crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
@@ -58,12 +58,23 @@ private:
 private:
 	//! Will only use get_ticks
 	friend class AnimatorSystem;
-
+	//! Will only use delay
+	friend class LoopTimer;
 	/**
 	 * \brief Gets the current SDL ticks since the program started.
 	 * \return Current ticks in milliseconds as a constant uint64_t.
 	 */
 	uint64_t get_ticks() const;
+	/**
+	 * \brief Pauses the execution for a specified duration.
+	 *
+	 * This function uses SDL's delay function to halt the program execution
+	 * for a given number of milliseconds, allowing for frame rate control
+	 * or other timing-related functionality.
+	 *
+	 * \param ms Duration of the delay in milliseconds.
+	 */
+	void delay(int ms) const;
 
 private:
 	/**
diff --git a/src/example/CMakeLists.txt b/src/example/CMakeLists.txt
index da6ceba..bf12ff3 100644
--- a/src/example/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/example/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -29,3 +29,5 @@ add_example(db)
 add_example(ecs)
 add_example(scene_manager)
 add_example(events)
+add_example(gameloop)
+
diff --git a/src/example/gameloop.cpp b/src/example/gameloop.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a676f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/example/gameloop.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "crepe/api/LoopManager.h"
+using namespace crepe;
+int main() {
+	LoopManager gameloop;
+	gameloop.start();
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/example/rendering.cpp b/src/example/rendering.cpp
index d554a8a..e02f6a3 100644
--- a/src/example/rendering.cpp
+++ b/src/example/rendering.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "api/Camera.h"
 #include <crepe/ComponentManager.h>
 #include <crepe/api/GameObject.h>
 #include <crepe/system/RenderSystem.h>
@@ -23,26 +24,26 @@ int main() {
 	auto obj1 = GameObject(1, "name", "tag", Vector2{500, 0}, 1, 0.1);
 	auto obj2 = GameObject(2, "name", "tag", Vector2{800, 0}, 1, 0.1);
 
-	auto & mgr = AssetManager::get_instance();
 	// Normal adding components
 	{
 		Color color(0, 0, 0, 0);
 		obj.add_component<Sprite>(
 			make_shared<Texture>("../asset/texture/img.png"), color,
-			FlipSettings{true, true});
+			FlipSettings{false, false});
+		obj.add_component<Camera>(Color::get_red());
 	}
-
 	{
 		Color color(0, 0, 0, 0);
-		auto img = mgr.cache<Texture>("../asset/texture/second.png");
-		obj1.add_component<Sprite>(img, color, FlipSettings{true, true});
+		obj1.add_component<Sprite>(make_shared<Texture>("../asset/texture/second.png"), color, FlipSettings{true, true});
 	}
 
+	/*
 	{
 		Color color(0, 0, 0, 0);
 		auto img = mgr.cache<Texture>("../asset/texture/second.png");
 		obj2.add_component<Sprite>(img, color, FlipSettings{true, true});
 	}
+	*/
 
 	auto & sys = crepe::RenderSystem::get_instance();
 	auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
diff --git a/src/makefile b/src/makefile
index f6907f6..5f80204 100644
--- a/src/makefile
+++ b/src/makefile
@@ -1,111 +1,6 @@
 .PHONY: FORCE
 
-# STEPS FOR BIG CLEANUP
-#
-# 1. Change TODO to your name (in capitals) for each file in the list below
-#    that is yours (or you are going to fix)
-# 2. Update the name between parentheses below this list (see comment) to your
-#    name
-# 3. Create a git commit at this point (ensure `git status` reports "working
-#    tree clean")
-# 4. Run `make format` in the REPOSITORY ROOT DIRECTORY (NOT HERE), and start
-#    fixing reported errors or miscorrections manually until everything works
-#    again.
-# 5. Once everything is working again, create another git commit, and create a
-#    pull request. Make sure to ask someone to review the code standards for
-#    each ENTIRE FILE in this pull request.
-
-LOEK += crepe/Asset.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/Asset.h
-TODO += crepe/Collider.cpp
-TODO += crepe/Collider.h
-MAX += crepe/Component.cpp
-MAX += crepe/Component.h
-MAX += crepe/ComponentManager.cpp
-MAX += crepe/ComponentManager.h
-MAX += crepe/ComponentManager.hpp
-MAX += crepe/api/Metadata.cpp
-MAX += crepe/api/Metadata.h
-TODO += crepe/Particle.cpp
-TODO += crepe/Particle.h
-TODO += crepe/Position.h
-TODO += crepe/api/AssetManager.cpp
-TODO += crepe/api/AssetManager.h
-TODO += crepe/api/AssetManager.hpp
-LOEK += crepe/api/AudioSource.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/api/AudioSource.h
-LOEK += crepe/api/BehaviorScript.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/api/BehaviorScript.h
-LOEK += crepe/api/BehaviorScript.hpp
-TODO += crepe/api/CircleCollider.h
-TODO += crepe/api/Color.cpp
-TODO += crepe/api/Color.h
-LOEK += crepe/api/Config.h
-MAX += crepe/api/GameObject.cpp
-MAX += crepe/api/GameObject.h
-MAX += crepe/api/GameObject.hpp
-TODO += crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.cpp
-TODO += crepe/api/ParticleEmitter.h
-TODO += crepe/api/Vector2.h
-TODO += crepe/api/Vector2.cpp
-JARO += crepe/api/Rigidbody.cpp
-JARO += crepe/api/Rigidbody.h
-LOEK += crepe/api/Script.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/api/Script.h
-LOEK += crepe/api/Script.hpp
-TODO += crepe/api/Sprite.cpp
-TODO += crepe/api/Sprite.h
-TODO += crepe/api/Texture.cpp
-TODO += crepe/api/Texture.h
-MAX += crepe/api/Transform.cpp
-MAX += crepe/api/Transform.h
-TODO += crepe/facade/SDLContext.cpp
-TODO += crepe/facade/SDLContext.h
-LOEK += crepe/facade/Sound.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/facade/Sound.h
-LOEK += crepe/facade/SoundContext.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/facade/SoundContext.h
-TODO += crepe/system/CollisionSystem.cpp
-TODO += crepe/system/CollisionSystem.h
-TODO += crepe/system/ParticleSystem.cpp
-TODO += crepe/system/ParticleSystem.h
-JARO += crepe/system/PhysicsSystem.cpp
-JARO += crepe/system/PhysicsSystem.h
-TODO += crepe/system/RenderSystem.cpp
-TODO += crepe/system/RenderSystem.h
-LOEK += crepe/system/ScriptSystem.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/system/ScriptSystem.h
-LOEK += crepe/system/System.h
-LOEK += crepe/util/LogColor.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/util/LogColor.h
-LOEK += crepe/util/fmt.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/util/fmt.h
-LOEK += crepe/util/log.cpp
-LOEK += crepe/util/log.h
-TODO += example/asset_manager.cpp
-LOEK += example/audio_internal.cpp
-TODO += example/components_internal.cpp
-MAX += example/ecs.cpp
-LOEK += example/log.cpp
-TODO += example/particle.cpp
-JARO += example/physics.cpp
-TODO += example/rendering.cpp
-LOEK += example/script.cpp
-LOEK += test/audio.cpp
-LOEK += test/dummy.cpp
-JARO += test/PhysicsTest.cpp
-WOUTER += crepe/api/Event.h
-WOUTER += crepe/api/EventHandler.cpp
-WOUTER += crepe/api/EventHandler.h
-WOUTER += crepe/api/EventManager.cpp
-WOUTER += crepe/api/EventManager.h
-WOUTER += crepe/api/IKeyListener.cpp
-WOUTER += crepe/api/IKeyListener.h
-WOUTER += crepe/api/IMouseListener.cpp
-WOUTER += crepe/api/IMouseListener.h
 FMT := $(shell git ls-files '*.c' '*.cpp' '*.h' '*.hpp')
 format: FORCE
 	clang-tidy -p build/compile_commands.json --fix-errors $(FMT)
 
-# TODO: re-enable linter after all corrections
-