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diff --git a/docs/research.md b/docs/research.md index 1f2ece8..c157eb5 100644 --- a/docs/research.md +++ b/docs/research.md @@ -1,95 +1,129 @@ # Bluetooth mesh -One of the most important parts of a domotica system is bluetooth mesh. So then the fist question arises, what is bluetooth mesh? + +One of the most important parts of a domotica system is Bluetooth mesh. So then the fist question arises, what is Bluetooth mesh? ## Mesh + Bluetooth Mesh is a networking standard that operates on a flood network principle. It's based on the nodes relaying the messages. Bluetooth mesh networking enables many-to-many (m:m) device communications and is optimized for creating large-scale device networks. It is ideally suited for control monitoring and automation solutions that require tens, hundreds or thousands of devices to communicate with one another. -### flood network principle +### Flood network principle + Flooding is used in computer networks routing algorithm in which every incoming packet is sent through every outgoing link except the one it arrived on. ## Nodes + A device is named "node" when it is added to a network. A node can contain several components that can be controlled independently of each other. For example, a luminaire can contain several lamps that can be switched on/off independently of each other. The different parts of a "single node" are called elements (figure 1). - + + +### Elements -### Elements. Some nodes, such as sensors, run off batteries while other nodes, like light fixtures, manufacturing machinery, and security cameras, draw power from the main grid. Some nodes have more processing power than others. These nodes can take on more complex tasks within the mesh network, assuming different roles and possessing any of the following five node features. Some nodes are more complicated than others and consist of multiple independent parts called elements. Each node has at least one element, known as the primary element, and may have additional elements (Figure 2). - + + #### Low power node + Power constrained nodes may use the low-power feature to reduce radio-on time and conserve power. Low-power nodes (LPNs) work in conjunction with friend nodes. + #### Friend node + Nodes without power constraints are great candidates for being friend nodes. Friend nodes store incoming messages and security updates destined for LPNs; when the LPN requests these messages, the friend node delivers the stored information to the LPN. + #### Relay node -Some nodes can act as “relays”. however Relays retransmit messages so that they -can travel further, in a number of “hops”. These messages get sent to other nodes that are in dierct radio tange of the publishing node. + +Some nodes can act as "relays". However, Relays retransmit messages so that they can travel further, in a number of "hops". These messages get sent to other nodes that are in direct radio range of the publishing node. + #### Proxy node + Proxy nodes enable transmitting and receiving mesh messages between GATT and Bluetooth mesh nodes. Bluetooth low energy devices like smartphones can communicate with a mesh network via a proxy node. -#### Node -This feature has nothing special like the other four. It can communicate and send messages in a mesh network. +#### Node +This feature has nothing special like the other four. It can communicate and send messages in a mesh network. #### Models and states -Models define and implement the functionality and behavior of a node while states define the condition of elements. For the models implies the states, messages, state transistions and behaviors. while states define contents of the message. For example, generic on/off state. -There are in total 3 model types a client, server and control type. A server model defines messages the model may transmit/receive and defines the element’s behavior given these messages. A client model defines the set of messages used by the client to request, change or consume corresponding states of a server. The control model has the client's and servers functionality. +Models define and implement the functionality and behavior of a node while states define the condition of elements. For the models implies the states, messages, state transitions and behaviors. While states define contents of the message. For example, generic on/off state. + +There are in total 3 model types a client, server and control type. A server model defines messages the model may transmit/receive and defines the element's behavior given these messages. A client model defines the set of messages used by the client to request, change or consume corresponding states of a server. The control model has the client's and servers functionality. ## Concepts -Bluetooth mesh concepts is an overview of the operation and capabilities of the profile, as well as the life cycle of a mesh device. There are two different applications, the first is Bluetooth mesh and the second one is bluetooth low energy (Figure 3). - + +Bluetooth mesh concepts is an overview of the operation and capabilities of the profile, as well as the life cycle of a mesh device. There are two different applications, the first is Bluetooth mesh and the second one is Bluetooth low energy (Figure 3). + + For a more detailed understanding of concepts look for link number 11. ## Security -In a bluetooth mesh network are 3 different types of securtity, also know as keys. There is a network key also know as NetKey, application key also know as AppKey and lastly device key know as Devkey. For more refrence check number 4 in links, but it is a dutch version so below is a translated version. + +In a Bluetooth mesh network are 3 different types of security, also know as keys. There is a network key also know as NetKey, application key also know as AppKey and lastly device key know as Devkey. For more reference check number 4 in links, but it is a dutch version so below is a translated version. ### NetKey + All nodes in a mesh network own the network key (NetKey). If a device owns this shared key, it is officially a node and part of a network. The network encryption key and the privacy key are derived from this Netkey. Once in possession of the NetKey, it grants the node access to the network layer. In this network layer it can pass on and perform network functions such as relaying (forwarding packets further in the network). The node cannot yet decrypt application data with the NetKey. The network can be divided into subnets and each subnet has its own NetKey, which is owned only by the nodes that are members of that subnet. For example, it can be used to isolate specific physical areas, such as each room in a hotel. ### Appkey + Application data for a specific application can only be decrypted by nodes that have the correct application key (AppKey). For example, lighting and light switches have the AppKey of the lighting application, but not the AppKey for the heating system, which is only owned by thermostats, taps on radiators and so on. + AppKeys are used by the upper transport layer to decrypt and authenticate messages before passing them to the access layer. AppKeys are associated with only one NetKey, meaning that specific applications can only run on one specific network. ### DevKey + The last type of key is the device key (DevKey). This is a special type of application key. Each node has a unique DevKey known to the commissioner and no other. The DevKey is used in the commissioning process and is specifically for securing the communication between the commissioner and the node. ## Configuration -For more refrence to configurations the links used are numbers 3, 4, 7 and 12. -### Adresses +For more reference to configurations the links used are numbers 3, 4, 7 and 12. + +### Addresses + Messages must be sent to and from an address. Bluetooth mesh defines three types of addresses. -#### Unicast adress + +#### Unicast address + During provisioning, a provisioner assigns a unicast address to each element in a node. Unicast addresses can appear in the source address field of a message, the destination address field of a message, or both. Messages sent to unicast addresses are processed by only one element. -#### Group adress + +#### Group address + Group addresses are types of multicast addresses that represent multiple elements from one or more nodes. Group addresses can be fixed (allocated by Bluetooth SIG) or dynamically assigned. -#### Virtual adress + +#### Virtual address + A virtual address represents a set of destination addresses. Each virtual address logically represents a 128-bit label universally unique identifier (UUID). The Bluetooth nodes can publish or subscribe to these addresses. -### publish and subscribe +### Publish and subscribe + Bluetooth mesh networking implements a publish/subscribe message-oriented communication system. Such an approach ensures that different types of products can coexist in a mesh network without being affected by messages from devices they do not need to listen to. The act of sending a message is known as publishing. Based on the configuration, the mesh nodes select messages sent to specific addresses for processing. This technique is known as subscribing. A publisher node sends messages to those nodes that have subscribed to the publisher. Typically, mesh messages are addressed to group or virtual addresses. For example, look at figure 4. - -### provisining + + +### Provisioning + Provisioning is the process by which a Bluetooth device (unprovisioned device) joins the mesh network and becomes a Bluetooth mesh node. This process is controlled by a provisioner. A provisioner and the unprovisioned device follow a fixed procedure as defined in the Bluetooth Mesh Profile [4]. A provisioner is typically a smartphone running a provisioning application. ## Demo + WIP # Links -These are the links used for bluetooth mesh research -1. [bluetooth mesh order of messagaging:](https://developer.nordicsemi.com/nRF_Connect_SDK/doc/latest/nrf/ug_bt_mesh_architecture.html) -2. [overall information:](https://www.bluetooth.com/learn-about-bluetooth/recent-enhancements/mesh/) -3. [what is bluetooth mesh(dutch version):](https://www.mokoblue.com/nl/what-is-bluetooth-mesh/) -4. [what is bluetooth mesh(dutch version):](https://www.intellicht.org/sturing/draadloos/bluetooth-mesh/) -5. [what is bluetooth mesh(english):](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_mesh_networking) -6. [link for everything:](https://www.bluetooth.com/bluetooth-resources/bluetooth-mesh-developer-study-guide/) -7. [easier to understand bluetooth mesh and example code:](https://events19.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Bluetooth-Mesh-and-Zephyr-V1.0_Martin-Wooley.pdf) -8. [zephyr repo:](https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr) -9. [repairing dongle:](https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/guides/short-range-guides/b/getting-started/posts/nrf52840-dongle-programming-tutorial) -10. [repairing dongle:](https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic-q-a/40924/how-can-i-restore-the-original-bootloader-of-a-pca10059) + +These are the links used for Bluetooth mesh research + +1. [Bluetooth mesh order of messaging](https://developer.nordicsemi.com/nRF_Connect_SDK/doc/latest/nrf/ug_bt_mesh_architecture.html) +2. [Overall information](https://www.bluetooth.com/learn-about-bluetooth/recent-enhancements/mesh/) +3. [What is Bluetooth mesh(Dutch version)](https://www.mokoblue.com/nl/what-is-bluetooth-mesh/) +4. [What is Bluetooth mesh(Dutch version)](https://www.intellicht.org/sturing/draadloos/bluetooth-mesh/) +5. [What is Bluetooth mesh(English)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_mesh_networking) +6. [Link for everything](https://www.bluetooth.com/bluetooth-resources/bluetooth-mesh-developer-study-guide/) +7. [Easier to understand Bluetooth mesh and example code](https://events19.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Bluetooth-Mesh-and-Zephyr-V1.0_Martin-Wooley.pdf) +8. [Zephyr repo](https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr) +9. [Repairing dongle](https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/guides/short-range-guides/b/getting-started/posts/nrf52840-dongle-programming-tutorial) +10. [Repairing dongle](https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic-q-a/40924/how-can-i-restore-the-original-bootloader-of-a-pca10059) 11. [Mesh concepts](https://developer.nordicsemi.com/nRF_Connect_SDK/doc/latest/nrf/ug_bt_mesh_concepts.html#mesh-concepts) -12. [Mesh networking](https://www.mathworks.com/help/bluetooth/ug/bluetooth-mesh-networking.html)
\ No newline at end of file +12. [Mesh networking](https://www.mathworks.com/help/bluetooth/ug/bluetooth-mesh-networking.html) |