add a few deinflections for Latin (#901)

* abstract deinflections

* undo redundant changes

* remove cast

* switch to js

* MultiLanguageTransformer

* comments

* comments

* fix test

* suffixInflection

* fix bench

* substring instead of replace

* without heuristic

* suffixMap

* add other language deinflections

* wip

* catch cycles

* fix tests

* uninflect to deinflect

* use less regex

* start

* organize language transform test by language

* simpler folders

* wip

* wip

* delete german test

* cleanup

4 files changed, 222 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/.eslintrc.json b/.eslintrc.json
index 51bb2328..a5418154 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.json
+++ b/.eslintrc.json
@@ -647,6 +647,7 @@
                 "ext/js/language/ja/japanese-transforms.js",
                 "ext/js/language/ja/japanese-wanakana.js",
                 "ext/js/language/ja/japanese.js",
+                "ext/js/language/la/latin-transforms.js",
                 "ext/js/language/language-descriptors.js",
                 "ext/js/language/language-transformer.js",
                 "ext/js/language/language-transforms.js",
diff --git a/ext/js/language/la/latin-transforms.js b/ext/js/language/la/latin-transforms.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5616adce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/js/language/la/latin-transforms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024  Yomitan Authors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+import {suffixInflection} from '../language-transforms.js';
+
+// TODO: -ne suffix (estne, nonne)?
+
+/** @type {import('language-transformer').LanguageTransformDescriptor} */
+export const latinTransforms = {
+    language: 'la',
+    conditions: {
+        v: {
+            name: 'Verb',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n: {
+            name: 'Noun',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['ns', 'np']
+        },
+        ns: {
+            name: 'Noun, singular',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['n1s', 'n2s', 'n3s', 'n4s', 'n5s']
+        },
+        np: {
+            name: 'Noun, plural',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['n1p', 'n2p', 'n3p', 'n4p', 'n5p']
+        },
+        n1: {
+            name: 'Noun, 1st declension',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['n1s', 'n1p']
+        },
+        n1p: {
+            name: 'Noun, 1st declension, plural',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n1s: {
+            name: 'Noun, 1st declension, singular',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n2: {
+            name: 'Noun, 2nd declension',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['n2s', 'n2p']
+        },
+        n2p: {
+            name: 'Noun, 2nd declension, plural',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n2s: {
+            name: 'Noun, 2nd declension, singular',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n3: {
+            name: 'Noun, 3rd declension',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['n3s', 'n3p']
+        },
+        n3p: {
+            name: 'Noun, 3rd declension, plural',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n3s: {
+            name: 'Noun, 3rd declension, singular',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n4: {
+            name: 'Noun, 4th declension',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['n4s', 'n4p']
+        },
+        n4p: {
+            name: 'Noun, 4th declension, plural',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n4s: {
+            name: 'Noun, 4th declension, singular',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n5: {
+            name: 'Noun, 5th declension',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['n5s', 'n5p']
+        },
+        n5p: {
+            name: 'Noun, 5th declension, plural',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        n5s: {
+            name: 'Noun, 5th declension, singular',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        adj: {
+            name: 'Adjective',
+            isDictionaryForm: true,
+            subConditions: ['adj3', 'adj12']
+        },
+        adj12: {
+            name: 'Adjective, 1st-2nd declension',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        adj3: {
+            name: 'Adjective, 3rd declension',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        },
+        adv: {
+            name: 'Adverb',
+            isDictionaryForm: true
+        }
+    },
+    transforms: [
+        {
+            name: 'plural',
+            description: 'Plural declension',
+            rules: [
+                suffixInflection('i', 'us', ['n2p'], ['n2s']),
+                suffixInflection('i', 'us', ['adj12'], ['adj12']),
+                suffixInflection('e', '', ['n1p'], ['n1s']),
+                suffixInflection('ae', 'a', ['adj12'], ['adj12']),
+                suffixInflection('a', 'um', ['adj12'], ['adj12'])
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            name: 'feminine',
+            description: 'Adjective form',
+            rules: [
+                suffixInflection('a', 'us', ['adj12'], ['adj12'])
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            name: 'neuter',
+            description: 'Adjective form',
+            rules: [
+                suffixInflection('um', 'us', ['adj12'], ['adj12'])
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            name: 'ablative',
+            description: 'Ablative case',
+            rules: [
+                suffixInflection('o', 'um', ['n2s'], ['n2s'])
+            ]
+        }
+    ]
+};
diff --git a/ext/js/language/language-descriptors.js b/ext/js/language/language-descriptors.js
index 1c577039..e1d89054 100644
--- a/ext/js/language/language-descriptors.js
+++ b/ext/js/language/language-descriptors.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {englishTransforms} from './en/english-transforms.js';
 import {collapseEmphaticSequences, convertAlphabeticCharacters, convertHalfWidthCharacters, convertHiraganaToKatakana, convertNumericCharacters} from './ja/japanese-text-preprocessors.js';
 import {japaneseTransforms} from './ja/japanese-transforms.js';
 import {isStringPartiallyJapanese} from './ja/japanese.js';
+import {latinTransforms} from './la/latin-transforms.js';
 import {removeRussianDiacritics, yoToE} from './ru/russian-text-preprocessors.js';
 import {oldIrishTransforms} from './sga/old-irish-transforms.js';
 import {albanianTransforms} from './sq/albanian-transforms.js';
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ const languageDescriptors = [
         textPreprocessors: {
             ...capitalizationPreprocessors,
             removeAlphabeticDiacritics
-        }
+        },
+        languageTransforms: latinTransforms
     },
     {
         iso: 'ja',
diff --git a/test/language/latin-transforms.test.js b/test/language/latin-transforms.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..238d8eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/language/latin-transforms.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023-2024  Yomitan Authors
+ * Copyright (C) 2020-2022  Yomichan Authors
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+import {latinTransforms} from '../../ext/js/language/la/latin-transforms.js';
+import {LanguageTransformer} from '../../ext/js/language/language-transformer.js';
+import {testLanguageTransformer} from '../fixtures/language-transformer-test.js';
+
+/* eslint-disable @stylistic/no-multi-spaces */
+const tests = [
+    {
+        category: 'plural',
+        valid: true,
+        tests: [
+            {term: 'fluvius',   source: 'fluvii',    rule: 'n',   reasons: ['plural']},
+            {term: 'magnus',    source: 'magni',     rule: 'adj', reasons: ['plural']},
+            {term: 'insula',    source: 'insulae',   rule: 'n',   reasons: ['plural']}
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        category: 'adjective',
+        valid: true,
+        tests: [
+            {term: 'magnus',    source: 'magna',    rule: 'adj',  reasons: ['feminine']},
+            {term: 'Graecus',   source: 'Graecum',  rule: 'adj',  reasons: ['neuter']},
+            {term: 'primus',    source: 'prima',    rule: 'adj',  reasons: ['neuter', 'plural']}
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        category: 'ablative',
+        valid: true,
+        tests: [
+            {term: 'vocabulum', source: 'vocabulo', rule: 'n',    reasons: ['ablative']}
+        ]
+    }
+];
+/* eslint-enable @stylistic/no-multi-spaces */
+
+const languageTransformer = new LanguageTransformer();
+languageTransformer.addDescriptor(latinTransforms);
+
+testLanguageTransformer(languageTransformer, tests);