Module refactoring (#588)

* Convert PronunciationGenerator into static functions

* Convert DictionaryDataUtil into static functions

* Convert AnkiNoteDataCreator into static functions

* Convert MediaUtil into static functions

* Convert RegexUtil into static functions

* Convert StringUtil into static functions

* Convert ArrayBufferUtil into static functions

* Convert AnkiUtil into static functions

* Convert PermissionsUtil into static functions

* Convert ProfileConditionsUtil into static functions

38 files changed, 2138 insertions, 2221 deletions

diff --git a/ext/js/background/backend.js b/ext/js/background/backend.js
index 0773dc4b..b95626f5 100644
--- a/ext/js/background/backend.js
+++ b/ext/js/background/backend.js
@@ -26,19 +26,19 @@ import {ExtensionError} from '../core/extension-error.js';
 import {readResponseJson} from '../core/json.js';
 import {log} from '../core/logger.js';
 import {clone, deferPromise, isObject, promiseTimeout} from '../core/utilities.js';
-import {AnkiUtil} from '../data/anki-util.js';
+import {isNoteDataValid} from '../data/anki-util.js';
 import {OptionsUtil} from '../data/options-util.js';
-import {PermissionsUtil} from '../data/permissions-util.js';
-import {ArrayBufferUtil} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
+import {getAllPermissions, hasPermissions, hasRequiredPermissionsForOptions} from '../data/permissions-util.js';
+import {arrayBufferToBase64} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
 import {DictionaryDatabase} from '../dictionary/dictionary-database.js';
 import {Environment} from '../extension/environment.js';
 import {ObjectPropertyAccessor} from '../general/object-property-accessor.js';
 import {distributeFuriganaInflected, isCodePointJapanese, isStringPartiallyJapanese, convertKatakanaToHiragana as jpConvertKatakanaToHiragana} from '../language/japanese.js';
 import {Translator} from '../language/translator.js';
 import {AudioDownloader} from '../media/audio-downloader.js';
-import {MediaUtil} from '../media/media-util.js';
+import {getFileExtensionFromAudioMediaType, getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType} from '../media/media-util.js';
 import {ClipboardReaderProxy, DictionaryDatabaseProxy, OffscreenProxy, TranslatorProxy} from './offscreen-proxy.js';
-import {ProfileConditionsUtil} from './profile-conditions-util.js';
+import {createSchema, normalizeContext} from './profile-conditions-util.js';
 import {RequestBuilder} from './request-builder.js';
 import {injectStylesheet} from './script-manager.js';
 
@@ -95,8 +95,6 @@ export class Backend {
         this._options = null;
         /** @type {import('../data/json-schema.js').JsonSchema[]} */
         this._profileConditionsSchemaCache = [];
-        /** @type {ProfileConditionsUtil} */
-        this._profileConditionsUtil = new ProfileConditionsUtil();
         /** @type {?string} */
         this._defaultAnkiFieldTemplates = null;
         /** @type {RequestBuilder} */
@@ -138,8 +136,6 @@ export class Backend {
         this._logErrorLevel = null;
         /** @type {?chrome.permissions.Permissions} */
         this._permissions = null;
-        /** @type {PermissionsUtil} */
-        this._permissionsUtil = new PermissionsUtil();
         /** @type {Map<string, (() => void)[]>} */
         this._applicationReadyHandlers = new Map();
 
@@ -259,7 +255,7 @@ export class Backend {
         try {
             this._prepareInternalSync();
 
-            this._permissions = await this._permissionsUtil.getAllPermissions();
+            this._permissions = await getAllPermissions();
             this._defaultBrowserActionTitle = await this._getBrowserIconTitle();
             this._badgePrepareDelayTimer = setTimeout(() => {
                 this._badgePrepareDelayTimer = null;
@@ -545,7 +541,7 @@ export class Backend {
         for (let i = 0; i < notes.length; ++i) {
             const note = notes[i];
             let canAdd = canAddArray[i];
-            const valid = AnkiUtil.isNoteDataValid(note);
+            const valid = isNoteDataValid(note);
             if (!valid) { canAdd = false; }
             const info = {canAdd, valid, noteIds: null};
             results.push(info);
@@ -815,7 +811,7 @@ export class Backend {
 
         let permissionsOkay = false;
         try {
-            permissionsOkay = await this._permissionsUtil.hasPermissions({permissions: ['nativeMessaging']});
+            permissionsOkay = await hasPermissions({permissions: ['nativeMessaging']});
         } catch (e) {
             // NOP
         }
@@ -1302,7 +1298,7 @@ export class Backend {
      * @returns {?import('settings').Profile}
      */
     _getProfileFromContext(options, optionsContext) {
-        const normalizedOptionsContext = this._profileConditionsUtil.normalizeContext(optionsContext);
+        const normalizedOptionsContext = normalizeContext(optionsContext);
 
         let index = 0;
         for (const profile of options.profiles) {
@@ -1312,7 +1308,7 @@ export class Backend {
             if (index < this._profileConditionsSchemaCache.length) {
                 schema = this._profileConditionsSchemaCache[index];
             } else {
-                schema = this._profileConditionsUtil.createSchema(conditionGroups);
+                schema = createSchema(conditionGroups);
                 this._profileConditionsSchemaCache.push(schema);
             }
 
@@ -2128,7 +2124,7 @@ export class Backend {
             return null;
         }
 
-        let extension = contentType !== null ? MediaUtil.getFileExtensionFromAudioMediaType(contentType) : null;
+        let extension = contentType !== null ? getFileExtensionFromAudioMediaType(contentType) : null;
         if (extension === null) { extension = '.mp3'; }
         let fileName = this._generateAnkiNoteMediaFileName('yomitan_audio', extension, timestamp, definitionDetails);
         fileName = fileName.replace(/\]/g, '');
@@ -2147,7 +2143,7 @@ export class Backend {
         const dataUrl = await this._getScreenshot(tabId, frameId, format, quality);
 
         const {mediaType, data} = this._getDataUrlInfo(dataUrl);
-        const extension = MediaUtil.getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaType);
+        const extension = getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaType);
         if (extension === null) {
             throw new Error('Unknown media type for screenshot image');
         }
@@ -2169,7 +2165,7 @@ export class Backend {
         }
 
         const {mediaType, data} = this._getDataUrlInfo(dataUrl);
-        const extension = MediaUtil.getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaType);
+        const extension = getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaType);
         if (extension === null) {
             throw new Error('Unknown media type for clipboard image');
         }
@@ -2215,7 +2211,7 @@ export class Backend {
             let fileName = null;
             if (media !== null) {
                 const {content, mediaType} = media;
-                const extension = MediaUtil.getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaType);
+                const extension = getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaType);
                 fileName = this._generateAnkiNoteMediaFileName(
                     `yomitan_dictionary_media_${i + 1}`,
                     extension !== null ? extension : '',
@@ -2611,7 +2607,7 @@ export class Backend {
      * @returns {Promise<void>}
      */
     async _checkPermissions() {
-        this._permissions = await this._permissionsUtil.getAllPermissions();
+        this._permissions = await getAllPermissions();
         this._updateBadge();
     }
 
@@ -2628,7 +2624,7 @@ export class Backend {
      */
     _hasRequiredPermissionsForSettings(options) {
         if (!this._canObservePermissionsChanges()) { return true; }
-        return this._permissions === null || this._permissionsUtil.hasRequiredPermissionsForOptions(this._permissions, options);
+        return this._permissions === null || hasRequiredPermissionsForOptions(this._permissions, options);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2663,7 +2659,7 @@ export class Backend {
         const results = [];
         for (const item of await this._dictionaryDatabase.getMedia(targets)) {
             const {content, dictionary, height, mediaType, path, width} = item;
-            const content2 = ArrayBufferUtil.arrayBufferToBase64(content);
+            const content2 = arrayBufferToBase64(content);
             results.push({content: content2, dictionary, height, mediaType, path, width});
         }
         return results;
diff --git a/ext/js/background/offscreen-proxy.js b/ext/js/background/offscreen-proxy.js
index 80ff31c0..716deddd 100644
--- a/ext/js/background/offscreen-proxy.js
+++ b/ext/js/background/offscreen-proxy.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 import {ExtensionError} from '../core/extension-error.js';
 import {isObject} from '../core/utilities.js';
-import {ArrayBufferUtil} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
+import {base64ToArrayBuffer} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
 
 export class OffscreenProxy {
     /**
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ export class DictionaryDatabaseProxy {
      */
     async getMedia(targets) {
         const serializedMedia = /** @type {import('dictionary-database').Media<string>[]} */ (await this._offscreen.sendMessagePromise({action: 'databaseGetMediaOffscreen', params: {targets}}));
-        const media = serializedMedia.map((m) => ({...m, content: ArrayBufferUtil.base64ToArrayBuffer(m.content)}));
+        const media = serializedMedia.map((m) => ({...m, content: base64ToArrayBuffer(m.content)}));
         return media;
     }
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/background/offscreen.js b/ext/js/background/offscreen.js
index ef05508a..b203e326 100644
--- a/ext/js/background/offscreen.js
+++ b/ext/js/background/offscreen.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 import {ClipboardReader} from '../comm/clipboard-reader.js';
 import {createApiMap, invokeApiMapHandler} from '../core/api-map.js';
-import {ArrayBufferUtil} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
+import {arrayBufferToBase64} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
 import {DictionaryDatabase} from '../dictionary/dictionary-database.js';
 import {Translator} from '../language/translator.js';
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ export class Offscreen {
     /** @type {import('offscreen').ApiHandler<'databaseGetMediaOffscreen'>} */
     async _getMediaHandler({targets}) {
         const media = await this._dictionaryDatabase.getMedia(targets);
-        const serializedMedia = media.map((m) => ({...m, content: ArrayBufferUtil.arrayBufferToBase64(m.content)}));
+        const serializedMedia = media.map((m) => ({...m, content: arrayBufferToBase64(m.content)}));
         return serializedMedia;
     }
 
diff --git a/ext/js/background/profile-conditions-util.js b/ext/js/background/profile-conditions-util.js
index f3be226d..e2d58725 100644
--- a/ext/js/background/profile-conditions-util.js
+++ b/ext/js/background/profile-conditions-util.js
@@ -18,379 +18,369 @@
 
 import {JsonSchema} from '../data/json-schema.js';
 
+/** @type {RegExp} */
+const splitPattern = /[,;\s]+/;
+/** @type {Map<string, {operators: Map<string, import('profile-conditions-util').CreateSchemaFunction>}>} */
+const descriptors = new Map([
+    [
+        'popupLevel',
+        {
+            operators: new Map(/** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').OperatorMapArray} */ ([
+                ['equal', createSchemaPopupLevelEqual.bind(this)],
+                ['notEqual', createSchemaPopupLevelNotEqual.bind(this)],
+                ['lessThan', createSchemaPopupLevelLessThan.bind(this)],
+                ['greaterThan', createSchemaPopupLevelGreaterThan.bind(this)],
+                ['lessThanOrEqual', createSchemaPopupLevelLessThanOrEqual.bind(this)],
+                ['greaterThanOrEqual', createSchemaPopupLevelGreaterThanOrEqual.bind(this)]
+            ]))
+        }
+    ],
+    [
+        'url',
+        {
+            operators: new Map(/** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').OperatorMapArray} */ ([
+                ['matchDomain', createSchemaUrlMatchDomain.bind(this)],
+                ['matchRegExp', createSchemaUrlMatchRegExp.bind(this)]
+            ]))
+        }
+    ],
+    [
+        'modifierKeys',
+        {
+            operators: new Map(/** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').OperatorMapArray} */ ([
+                ['are', createSchemaModifierKeysAre.bind(this)],
+                ['areNot', createSchemaModifierKeysAreNot.bind(this)],
+                ['include', createSchemaModifierKeysInclude.bind(this)],
+                ['notInclude', createSchemaModifierKeysNotInclude.bind(this)]
+            ]))
+        }
+    ],
+    [
+        'flags',
+        {
+            operators: new Map(/** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').OperatorMapArray} */ ([
+                ['are', createSchemaFlagsAre.bind(this)],
+                ['areNot', createSchemaFlagsAreNot.bind(this)],
+                ['include', createSchemaFlagsInclude.bind(this)],
+                ['notInclude', createSchemaFlagsNotInclude.bind(this)]
+            ]))
+        }
+    ]
+]);
+
 /**
- * Utility class to help processing profile conditions.
+ * Creates a new JSON schema descriptor for the given set of condition groups.
+ * @param {import('settings').ProfileConditionGroup[]} conditionGroups An array of condition groups.
+ *   For a profile match, all of the items must return successfully in at least one of the groups.
+ * @returns {JsonSchema} A new `JsonSchema` object.
  */
-export class ProfileConditionsUtil {
-    /**
-     * Creates a new instance.
-     */
-    constructor() {
-        /** @type {RegExp} */
-        this._splitPattern = /[,;\s]+/;
-        /** @type {Map<string, {operators: Map<string, import('profile-conditions-util').CreateSchemaFunction>}>} */
-        this._descriptors = new Map([
-            [
-                'popupLevel',
-                {
-                    operators: new Map(/** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').OperatorMapArray} */ ([
-                        ['equal', this._createSchemaPopupLevelEqual.bind(this)],
-                        ['notEqual', this._createSchemaPopupLevelNotEqual.bind(this)],
-                        ['lessThan', this._createSchemaPopupLevelLessThan.bind(this)],
-                        ['greaterThan', this._createSchemaPopupLevelGreaterThan.bind(this)],
-                        ['lessThanOrEqual', this._createSchemaPopupLevelLessThanOrEqual.bind(this)],
-                        ['greaterThanOrEqual', this._createSchemaPopupLevelGreaterThanOrEqual.bind(this)]
-                    ]))
-                }
-            ],
-            [
-                'url',
-                {
-                    operators: new Map(/** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').OperatorMapArray} */ ([
-                        ['matchDomain', this._createSchemaUrlMatchDomain.bind(this)],
-                        ['matchRegExp', this._createSchemaUrlMatchRegExp.bind(this)]
-                    ]))
-                }
-            ],
-            [
-                'modifierKeys',
-                {
-                    operators: new Map(/** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').OperatorMapArray} */ ([
-                        ['are', this._createSchemaModifierKeysAre.bind(this)],
-                        ['areNot', this._createSchemaModifierKeysAreNot.bind(this)],
-                        ['include', this._createSchemaModifierKeysInclude.bind(this)],
-                        ['notInclude', this._createSchemaModifierKeysNotInclude.bind(this)]
-                    ]))
-                }
-            ],
-            [
-                'flags',
-                {
-                    operators: new Map(/** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').OperatorMapArray} */ ([
-                        ['are', this._createSchemaFlagsAre.bind(this)],
-                        ['areNot', this._createSchemaFlagsAreNot.bind(this)],
-                        ['include', this._createSchemaFlagsInclude.bind(this)],
-                        ['notInclude', this._createSchemaFlagsNotInclude.bind(this)]
-                    ]))
-                }
-            ]
-        ]);
-    }
+export function createSchema(conditionGroups) {
+    const anyOf = [];
+    for (const {conditions} of conditionGroups) {
+        const allOf = [];
+        for (const {type, operator, value} of conditions) {
+            const conditionDescriptor = descriptors.get(type);
+            if (typeof conditionDescriptor === 'undefined') { continue; }
 
-    /**
-     * Creates a new JSON schema descriptor for the given set of condition groups.
-     * @param {import('settings').ProfileConditionGroup[]} conditionGroups An array of condition groups.
-     *   For a profile match, all of the items must return successfully in at least one of the groups.
-     * @returns {JsonSchema} A new `JsonSchema` object.
-     */
-    createSchema(conditionGroups) {
-        const anyOf = [];
-        for (const {conditions} of conditionGroups) {
-            const allOf = [];
-            for (const {type, operator, value} of conditions) {
-                const conditionDescriptor = this._descriptors.get(type);
-                if (typeof conditionDescriptor === 'undefined') { continue; }
+            const createSchema2 = conditionDescriptor.operators.get(operator);
+            if (typeof createSchema2 === 'undefined') { continue; }
 
-                const createSchema = conditionDescriptor.operators.get(operator);
-                if (typeof createSchema === 'undefined') { continue; }
-
-                const schema = createSchema(value);
-                allOf.push(schema);
-            }
-            switch (allOf.length) {
-                case 0: break;
-                case 1: anyOf.push(allOf[0]); break;
-                default: anyOf.push({allOf}); break;
-            }
+            const schema = createSchema2(value);
+            allOf.push(schema);
         }
-        let schema;
-        switch (anyOf.length) {
-            case 0: schema = {}; break;
-            case 1: schema = anyOf[0]; break;
-            default: schema = {anyOf}; break;
+        switch (allOf.length) {
+            case 0: break;
+            case 1: anyOf.push(allOf[0]); break;
+            default: anyOf.push({allOf}); break;
         }
-        return new JsonSchema(schema);
     }
+    let schema;
+    switch (anyOf.length) {
+        case 0: schema = {}; break;
+        case 1: schema = anyOf[0]; break;
+        default: schema = {anyOf}; break;
+    }
+    return new JsonSchema(schema);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Creates a normalized version of the context object to test,
-     * assigning dependent fields as needed.
-     * @param {import('settings').OptionsContext} context A context object which is used during schema validation.
-     * @returns {import('profile-conditions-util').NormalizedOptionsContext} A normalized context object.
-     */
-    normalizeContext(context) {
-        const normalizedContext = /** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').NormalizedOptionsContext} */ (Object.assign({}, context));
-        const {url} = normalizedContext;
-        if (typeof url === 'string') {
-            try {
-                normalizedContext.domain = new URL(url).hostname;
-            } catch (e) {
-                // NOP
-            }
-        }
-        const {flags} = normalizedContext;
-        if (!Array.isArray(flags)) {
-            normalizedContext.flags = [];
+/**
+ * Creates a normalized version of the context object to test,
+ * assigning dependent fields as needed.
+ * @param {import('settings').OptionsContext} context A context object which is used during schema validation.
+ * @returns {import('profile-conditions-util').NormalizedOptionsContext} A normalized context object.
+ */
+export function normalizeContext(context) {
+    const normalizedContext = /** @type {import('profile-conditions-util').NormalizedOptionsContext} */ (Object.assign({}, context));
+    const {url} = normalizedContext;
+    if (typeof url === 'string') {
+        try {
+            normalizedContext.domain = new URL(url).hostname;
+        } catch (e) {
+            // NOP
         }
-        return normalizedContext;
     }
-
-    // Private
-
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {string[]}
-     */
-    _split(value) {
-        return value.split(this._splitPattern);
+    const {flags} = normalizedContext;
+    if (!Array.isArray(flags)) {
+        normalizedContext.flags = [];
     }
+    return normalizedContext;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {number}
-     */
-    _stringToNumber(value) {
-        const number = Number.parseFloat(value);
-        return Number.isFinite(number) ? number : 0;
-    }
+// Private
 
-    // popupLevel schema creation functions
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+function split(value) {
+    return value.split(splitPattern);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaPopupLevelEqual(value) {
-        const number = this._stringToNumber(value);
-        return {
-            required: ['depth'],
-            properties: {
-                depth: {const: number}
-            }
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+function stringToNumber(value) {
+    const number = Number.parseFloat(value);
+    return Number.isFinite(number) ? number : 0;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaPopupLevelNotEqual(value) {
-        return {
-            not: {
-                anyOf: [this._createSchemaPopupLevelEqual(value)]
-            }
-        };
-    }
+// popupLevel schema creation functions
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaPopupLevelLessThan(value) {
-        const number = this._stringToNumber(value);
-        return {
-            required: ['depth'],
-            properties: {
-                depth: {type: 'number', exclusiveMaximum: number}
-            }
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaPopupLevelEqual(value) {
+    const number = stringToNumber(value);
+    return {
+        required: ['depth'],
+        properties: {
+            depth: {const: number}
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaPopupLevelGreaterThan(value) {
-        const number = this._stringToNumber(value);
-        return {
-            required: ['depth'],
-            properties: {
-                depth: {type: 'number', exclusiveMinimum: number}
-            }
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaPopupLevelNotEqual(value) {
+    return {
+        not: {
+            anyOf: [createSchemaPopupLevelEqual(value)]
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaPopupLevelLessThanOrEqual(value) {
-        const number = this._stringToNumber(value);
-        return {
-            required: ['depth'],
-            properties: {
-                depth: {type: 'number', maximum: number}
-            }
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaPopupLevelLessThan(value) {
+    const number = stringToNumber(value);
+    return {
+        required: ['depth'],
+        properties: {
+            depth: {type: 'number', exclusiveMaximum: number}
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaPopupLevelGreaterThanOrEqual(value) {
-        const number = this._stringToNumber(value);
-        return {
-            required: ['depth'],
-            properties: {
-                depth: {type: 'number', minimum: number}
-            }
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaPopupLevelGreaterThan(value) {
+    const number = stringToNumber(value);
+    return {
+        required: ['depth'],
+        properties: {
+            depth: {type: 'number', exclusiveMinimum: number}
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    // url schema creation functions
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaPopupLevelLessThanOrEqual(value) {
+    const number = stringToNumber(value);
+    return {
+        required: ['depth'],
+        properties: {
+            depth: {type: 'number', maximum: number}
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaUrlMatchDomain(value) {
-        const oneOf = [];
-        for (let domain of this._split(value)) {
-            if (domain.length === 0) { continue; }
-            domain = domain.toLowerCase();
-            oneOf.push({const: domain});
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaPopupLevelGreaterThanOrEqual(value) {
+    const number = stringToNumber(value);
+    return {
+        required: ['depth'],
+        properties: {
+            depth: {type: 'number', minimum: number}
         }
-        return {
-            required: ['domain'],
-            properties: {
-                domain: {oneOf}
-            }
-        };
-    }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaUrlMatchRegExp(value) {
-        return {
-            required: ['url'],
-            properties: {
-                url: {type: 'string', pattern: value, patternFlags: 'i'}
-            }
-        };
+// url schema creation functions
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaUrlMatchDomain(value) {
+    const oneOf = [];
+    for (let domain of split(value)) {
+        if (domain.length === 0) { continue; }
+        domain = domain.toLowerCase();
+        oneOf.push({const: domain});
     }
+    return {
+        required: ['domain'],
+        properties: {
+            domain: {oneOf}
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    // modifierKeys schema creation functions
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaUrlMatchRegExp(value) {
+    return {
+        required: ['url'],
+        properties: {
+            url: {type: 'string', pattern: value, patternFlags: 'i'}
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaModifierKeysAre(value) {
-        return this._createSchemaArrayCheck('modifierKeys', value, true, false);
-    }
+// modifierKeys schema creation functions
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaModifierKeysAreNot(value) {
-        return {
-            not: {
-                anyOf: [this._createSchemaArrayCheck('modifierKeys', value, true, false)]
-            }
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaModifierKeysAre(value) {
+    return createSchemaArrayCheck('modifierKeys', value, true, false);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaModifierKeysInclude(value) {
-        return this._createSchemaArrayCheck('modifierKeys', value, false, false);
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaModifierKeysAreNot(value) {
+    return {
+        not: {
+            anyOf: [createSchemaArrayCheck('modifierKeys', value, true, false)]
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaModifierKeysNotInclude(value) {
-        return this._createSchemaArrayCheck('modifierKeys', value, false, true);
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaModifierKeysInclude(value) {
+    return createSchemaArrayCheck('modifierKeys', value, false, false);
+}
 
-    // modifierKeys schema creation functions
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaModifierKeysNotInclude(value) {
+    return createSchemaArrayCheck('modifierKeys', value, false, true);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaFlagsAre(value) {
-        return this._createSchemaArrayCheck('flags', value, true, false);
-    }
+// modifierKeys schema creation functions
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaFlagsAreNot(value) {
-        return {
-            not: {
-                anyOf: [this._createSchemaArrayCheck('flags', value, true, false)]
-            }
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaFlagsAre(value) {
+    return createSchemaArrayCheck('flags', value, true, false);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaFlagsInclude(value) {
-        return this._createSchemaArrayCheck('flags', value, false, false);
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaFlagsAreNot(value) {
+    return {
+        not: {
+            anyOf: [createSchemaArrayCheck('flags', value, true, false)]
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaFlagsNotInclude(value) {
-        return this._createSchemaArrayCheck('flags', value, false, true);
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaFlagsInclude(value) {
+    return createSchemaArrayCheck('flags', value, false, false);
+}
 
-    // Generic
+/**
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaFlagsNotInclude(value) {
+    return createSchemaArrayCheck('flags', value, false, true);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} key
-     * @param {string} value
-     * @param {boolean} exact
-     * @param {boolean} none
-     * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
-     */
-    _createSchemaArrayCheck(key, value, exact, none) {
-        /** @type {import('ext/json-schema').Schema[]} */
-        const containsList = [];
-        for (const item of this._split(value)) {
-            if (item.length === 0) { continue; }
-            containsList.push({
-                contains: {
-                    const: item
-                }
-            });
-        }
-        const containsListCount = containsList.length;
-        /** @type {import('ext/json-schema').Schema} */
-        const schema = {
-            type: 'array'
-        };
-        if (exact) {
-            schema.maxItems = containsListCount;
-        }
-        if (none) {
-            if (containsListCount > 0) {
-                schema.not = {anyOf: containsList};
-            }
-        } else {
-            schema.minItems = containsListCount;
-            if (containsListCount > 0) {
-                schema.allOf = containsList;
+// Generic
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} key
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @param {boolean} exact
+ * @param {boolean} none
+ * @returns {import('ext/json-schema').Schema}
+ */
+function createSchemaArrayCheck(key, value, exact, none) {
+    /** @type {import('ext/json-schema').Schema[]} */
+    const containsList = [];
+    for (const item of split(value)) {
+        if (item.length === 0) { continue; }
+        containsList.push({
+            contains: {
+                const: item
             }
+        });
+    }
+    const containsListCount = containsList.length;
+    /** @type {import('ext/json-schema').Schema} */
+    const schema = {
+        type: 'array'
+    };
+    if (exact) {
+        schema.maxItems = containsListCount;
+    }
+    if (none) {
+        if (containsListCount > 0) {
+            schema.not = {anyOf: containsList};
+        }
+    } else {
+        schema.minItems = containsListCount;
+        if (containsListCount > 0) {
+            schema.allOf = containsList;
         }
-        return {
-            required: [key],
-            properties: {
-                [key]: schema
-            }
-        };
     }
+    return {
+        required: [key],
+        properties: {
+            [key]: schema
+        }
+    };
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/comm/anki-connect.js b/ext/js/comm/anki-connect.js
index f16471ce..7cb2d071 100644
--- a/ext/js/comm/anki-connect.js
+++ b/ext/js/comm/anki-connect.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 import {ExtensionError} from '../core/extension-error.js';
 import {parseJson} from '../core/json.js';
-import {AnkiUtil} from '../data/anki-util.js';
+import {getRootDeckName} from '../data/anki-util.js';
 
 /**
  * This class controls communication with Anki via the AnkiConnect plugin.
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ export class AnkiConnect {
                 query = `"deck:${this._escapeQuery(note.deckName)}" `;
                 break;
             case 'deck-root':
-                query = `"deck:${this._escapeQuery(AnkiUtil.getRootDeckName(note.deckName))}" `;
+                query = `"deck:${this._escapeQuery(getRootDeckName(note.deckName))}" `;
                 break;
         }
         query += this._fieldsToQuery(note.fields);
diff --git a/ext/js/comm/clipboard-reader.js b/ext/js/comm/clipboard-reader.js
index 2ac41cb9..b040d6ca 100644
--- a/ext/js/comm/clipboard-reader.js
+++ b/ext/js/comm/clipboard-reader.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-import {MediaUtil} from '../media/media-util.js';
+import {getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType} from '../media/media-util.js';
 
 /**
  * Class which can read text and images from the clipboard.
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ export class ClipboardReader {
 
             for (const item of items) {
                 for (const type of item.types) {
-                    if (!MediaUtil.getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(type)) { continue; }
+                    if (!getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(type)) { continue; }
                     try {
                         const blob = await item.getType(type);
                         return await this._readFileAsDataURL(blob);
diff --git a/ext/js/data/anki-note-builder.js b/ext/js/data/anki-note-builder.js
index 815e7f3f..5bb943c2 100644
--- a/ext/js/data/anki-note-builder.js
+++ b/ext/js/data/anki-note-builder.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {ExtensionError} from '../core/extension-error.js';
 import {deferPromise} from '../core/utilities.js';
 import {convertHiraganaToKatakana, convertKatakanaToHiragana} from '../language/japanese.js';
 import {yomitan} from '../yomitan.js';
-import {AnkiUtil} from './anki-util.js';
+import {cloneFieldMarkerPattern, getRootDeckName} from './anki-util.js';
 
 export class AnkiNoteBuilder {
     /**
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export class AnkiNoteBuilder {
      */
     constructor(templateRenderer) {
         /** @type {RegExp} */
-        this._markerPattern = AnkiUtil.cloneFieldMarkerPattern(true);
+        this._markerPattern = cloneFieldMarkerPattern(true);
         /** @type {import('../templates/template-renderer-proxy.js').TemplateRendererProxy|import('../templates/sandbox/template-renderer.js').TemplateRenderer} */
         this._templateRenderer = templateRenderer;
         /** @type {import('anki-note-builder').BatchedRequestGroup[]} */
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export class AnkiNoteBuilder {
         let duplicateScopeCheckChildren = false;
         if (duplicateScope === 'deck-root') {
             duplicateScope = 'deck';
-            duplicateScopeDeckName = AnkiUtil.getRootDeckName(deckName);
+            duplicateScopeDeckName = getRootDeckName(deckName);
             duplicateScopeCheckChildren = true;
         }
 
diff --git a/ext/js/data/anki-util.js b/ext/js/data/anki-util.js
index 57684887..123e5d2f 100644
--- a/ext/js/data/anki-util.js
+++ b/ext/js/data/anki-util.js
@@ -18,72 +18,67 @@
 
 import {isObject} from '../core/utilities.js';
 
+/** @type {RegExp} @readonly */
+const markerPattern = /\{([\w-]+)\}/g;
+
 /**
- * This class has some general utility functions for working with Anki data.
+ * Gets the root deck name of a full deck name. If the deck is a root deck,
+ * the same name is returned. Nested decks are separated using '::'.
+ * @param {string} deckName A string of the deck name.
+ * @returns {string} A string corresponding to the name of the root deck.
  */
-export class AnkiUtil {
-    /** @type {RegExp} @readonly */
-    static _markerPattern = /\{([\w-]+)\}/g;
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the root deck name of a full deck name. If the deck is a root deck,
-     * the same name is returned. Nested decks are separated using '::'.
-     * @param {string} deckName A string of the deck name.
-     * @returns {string} A string corresponding to the name of the root deck.
-     */
-    static getRootDeckName(deckName) {
-        const index = deckName.indexOf('::');
-        return index >= 0 ? deckName.substring(0, index) : deckName;
-    }
+export function getRootDeckName(deckName) {
+    const index = deckName.indexOf('::');
+    return index >= 0 ? deckName.substring(0, index) : deckName;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Checks whether or not any marker is contained in a string.
-     * @param {string} string A string to check.
-     * @returns {boolean} `true` if the text contains an Anki field marker, `false` otherwise.
-     */
-    static stringContainsAnyFieldMarker(string) {
-        const result = this._markerPattern.test(string);
-        this._markerPattern.lastIndex = 0;
-        return result;
-    }
+/**
+ * Checks whether or not any marker is contained in a string.
+ * @param {string} string A string to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if the text contains an Anki field marker, `false` otherwise.
+ */
+export function stringContainsAnyFieldMarker(string) {
+    const result = markerPattern.test(string);
+    markerPattern.lastIndex = 0;
+    return result;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Gets a list of all markers that are contained in a string.
-     * @param {string} string A string to check.
-     * @returns {string[]} An array of marker strings.
-     */
-    static getFieldMarkers(string) {
-        const pattern = this._markerPattern;
-        const markers = [];
-        while (true) {
-            const match = pattern.exec(string);
-            if (match === null) { break; }
-            markers.push(match[1]);
-        }
-        return markers;
+/**
+ * Gets a list of all markers that are contained in a string.
+ * @param {string} string A string to check.
+ * @returns {string[]} An array of marker strings.
+ */
+export function getFieldMarkers(string) {
+    const pattern = markerPattern;
+    const markers = [];
+    while (true) {
+        const match = pattern.exec(string);
+        if (match === null) { break; }
+        markers.push(match[1]);
     }
+    return markers;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Returns a regular expression which can be used to find markers in a string.
-     * @param {boolean} global Whether or not the regular expression should have the global flag.
-     * @returns {RegExp} A new `RegExp` instance.
-     */
-    static cloneFieldMarkerPattern(global) {
-        return new RegExp(this._markerPattern.source, global ? 'g' : '');
-    }
+/**
+ * Returns a regular expression which can be used to find markers in a string.
+ * @param {boolean} global Whether or not the regular expression should have the global flag.
+ * @returns {RegExp} A new `RegExp` instance.
+ */
+export function cloneFieldMarkerPattern(global) {
+    return new RegExp(markerPattern.source, global ? 'g' : '');
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Checks whether or not a note object is valid.
-     * @param {import('anki').Note} note A note object to check.
-     * @returns {boolean} `true` if the note is valid, `false` otherwise.
-     */
-    static isNoteDataValid(note) {
-        if (!isObject(note)) { return false; }
-        const {fields, deckName, modelName} = note;
-        return (
-            typeof deckName === 'string' &&
-            typeof modelName === 'string' &&
-            Object.entries(fields).length > 0
-        );
-    }
+/**
+ * Checks whether or not a note object is valid.
+ * @param {import('anki').Note} note A note object to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if the note is valid, `false` otherwise.
+ */
+export function isNoteDataValid(note) {
+    if (!isObject(note)) { return false; }
+    const {fields, deckName, modelName} = note;
+    return (
+        typeof deckName === 'string' &&
+        typeof modelName === 'string' &&
+        Object.entries(fields).length > 0
+    );
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/data/permissions-util.js b/ext/js/data/permissions-util.js
index 43aaa87c..837b6d5f 100644
--- a/ext/js/data/permissions-util.js
+++ b/ext/js/data/permissions-util.js
@@ -16,123 +16,128 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-import {AnkiUtil} from './anki-util.js';
+import {getFieldMarkers} from './anki-util.js';
 
-export class PermissionsUtil {
-    constructor() {
-        /** @type {Set<string>} */
-        this._ankiFieldMarkersRequiringClipboardPermission = new Set([
-            'clipboard-image',
-            'clipboard-text'
-        ]);
+/**
+ * This function returns whether an Anki field marker might require clipboard permissions.
+ * This is speculative and may not guarantee that the field marker actually does require the permission,
+ * as the custom handlebars template is not deeply inspected.
+ * @param {string} marker
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function ankiFieldMarkerMayUseClipboard(marker) {
+    switch (marker) {
+        case 'clipboard-image':
+        case 'clipboard-text':
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
     }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {chrome.permissions.Permissions} permissions
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ */
+export function hasPermissions(permissions) {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => chrome.permissions.contains(permissions, (result) => {
+        const e = chrome.runtime.lastError;
+        if (e) {
+            reject(new Error(e.message));
+        } else {
+            resolve(result);
+        }
+    }));
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {chrome.permissions.Permissions} permissions
-     * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
-     */
-    hasPermissions(permissions) {
-        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => chrome.permissions.contains(permissions, (result) => {
+/**
+ * @param {chrome.permissions.Permissions} permissions
+ * @param {boolean} shouldHave
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+ */
+export function setPermissionsGranted(permissions, shouldHave) {
+    return (
+        shouldHave ?
+        new Promise((resolve, reject) => chrome.permissions.request(permissions, (result) => {
             const e = chrome.runtime.lastError;
             if (e) {
                 reject(new Error(e.message));
             } else {
                 resolve(result);
             }
-        }));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param {chrome.permissions.Permissions} permissions
-     * @param {boolean} shouldHave
-     * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
-     */
-    setPermissionsGranted(permissions, shouldHave) {
-        return (
-            shouldHave ?
-            new Promise((resolve, reject) => chrome.permissions.request(permissions, (result) => {
-                const e = chrome.runtime.lastError;
-                if (e) {
-                    reject(new Error(e.message));
-                } else {
-                    resolve(result);
-                }
-            })) :
-            new Promise((resolve, reject) => chrome.permissions.remove(permissions, (result) => {
-                const e = chrome.runtime.lastError;
-                if (e) {
-                    reject(new Error(e.message));
-                } else {
-                    resolve(!result);
-                }
-            }))
-        );
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @returns {Promise<chrome.permissions.Permissions>}
-     */
-    getAllPermissions() {
-        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => chrome.permissions.getAll((result) => {
+        })) :
+        new Promise((resolve, reject) => chrome.permissions.remove(permissions, (result) => {
             const e = chrome.runtime.lastError;
             if (e) {
                 reject(new Error(e.message));
             } else {
-                resolve(result);
+                resolve(!result);
             }
-        }));
-    }
+        }))
+    );
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} fieldValue
-     * @returns {string[]}
-     */
-    getRequiredPermissionsForAnkiFieldValue(fieldValue) {
-        const markers = AnkiUtil.getFieldMarkers(fieldValue);
-        const markerPermissions = this._ankiFieldMarkersRequiringClipboardPermission;
-        for (const marker of markers) {
-            if (markerPermissions.has(marker)) {
-                return ['clipboardRead'];
-            }
+/**
+ * @returns {Promise<chrome.permissions.Permissions>}
+ */
+export function getAllPermissions() {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => chrome.permissions.getAll((result) => {
+        const e = chrome.runtime.lastError;
+        if (e) {
+            reject(new Error(e.message));
+        } else {
+            resolve(result);
+        }
+    }));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} fieldValue
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+export function getRequiredPermissionsForAnkiFieldValue(fieldValue) {
+    const markers = getFieldMarkers(fieldValue);
+    for (const marker of markers) {
+        if (ankiFieldMarkerMayUseClipboard(marker)) {
+            return ['clipboardRead'];
         }
-        return [];
     }
+    return [];
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {chrome.permissions.Permissions} permissions
-     * @param {import('settings').ProfileOptions} options
-     * @returns {boolean}
-     */
-    hasRequiredPermissionsForOptions(permissions, options) {
-        const permissionsSet = new Set(permissions.permissions);
+/**
+ * @param {chrome.permissions.Permissions} permissions
+ * @param {import('settings').ProfileOptions} options
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function hasRequiredPermissionsForOptions(permissions, options) {
+    const permissionsSet = new Set(permissions.permissions);
 
-        if (!permissionsSet.has('nativeMessaging')) {
-            if (options.parsing.enableMecabParser) {
-                return false;
-            }
+    if (!permissionsSet.has('nativeMessaging')) {
+        if (options.parsing.enableMecabParser) {
+            return false;
         }
+    }
 
-        if (!permissionsSet.has('clipboardRead')) {
-            if (options.clipboard.enableBackgroundMonitor || options.clipboard.enableSearchPageMonitor) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            const fieldMarkersRequiringClipboardPermission = this._ankiFieldMarkersRequiringClipboardPermission;
-            const fieldsList = [
-                options.anki.terms.fields,
-                options.anki.kanji.fields
-            ];
-            for (const fields of fieldsList) {
-                for (const fieldValue of Object.values(fields)) {
-                    const markers = AnkiUtil.getFieldMarkers(fieldValue);
-                    for (const marker of markers) {
-                        if (fieldMarkersRequiringClipboardPermission.has(marker)) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
+    if (!permissionsSet.has('clipboardRead')) {
+        if (options.clipboard.enableBackgroundMonitor || options.clipboard.enableSearchPageMonitor) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const fieldsList = [
+            options.anki.terms.fields,
+            options.anki.kanji.fields
+        ];
+        for (const fields of fieldsList) {
+            for (const fieldValue of Object.values(fields)) {
+                const markers = getFieldMarkers(fieldValue);
+                for (const marker of markers) {
+                    if (ankiFieldMarkerMayUseClipboard(marker)) {
+                        return false;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        return true;
     }
+
+    return true;
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js b/ext/js/data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js
index fc787a66..51679662 100644
--- a/ext/js/data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js
+++ b/ext/js/data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js
@@ -16,867 +16,842 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-import {DictionaryDataUtil} from '../../dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js';
+import {getDisambiguations, getGroupedPronunciations, getPronunciationsOfType, getTermFrequency, groupTermTags} from '../../dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js';
 import {distributeFurigana} from '../../language/japanese.js';
 
 /**
- * This class is used to convert the internal dictionary entry format to the
- * format used by Anki, for backwards compatibility.
- */
-export class AnkiNoteDataCreator {
-    /**
-     * Creates a compatibility representation of the specified data.
-     * @param {string} marker The marker that is being used for template rendering.
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').CreateDetails} details Information which is used to generate the data.
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').NoteData} An object used for rendering Anki templates.
-     */
-    create(marker, {
-        dictionaryEntry,
-        resultOutputMode,
-        mode,
-        glossaryLayoutMode,
-        compactTags,
-        context,
-        media
-    }) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-        const self = this;
-        const definition = this.createCachedValue(this._getDefinition.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, context, resultOutputMode));
-        const uniqueExpressions = this.createCachedValue(this._getUniqueExpressions.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const uniqueReadings = this.createCachedValue(this._getUniqueReadings.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const context2 = this.createCachedValue(this._getPublicContext.bind(this, context));
-        const pitches = this.createCachedValue(this._getPitches.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const pitchCount = this.createCachedValue(this._getPitchCount.bind(this, pitches));
-        const phoneticTranscriptions = this.createCachedValue(this._getPhoneticTranscriptions.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-
-        if (typeof media !== 'object' || media === null || Array.isArray(media)) {
-            media = {
-                audio: void 0,
-                screenshot: void 0,
-                clipboardImage: void 0,
-                clipboardText: void 0,
-                selectionText: void 0,
-                textFurigana: [],
-                dictionaryMedia: {}
-            };
-        }
-        /** @type {import('anki-templates').NoteData} */
-        const result = {
-            marker,
-            get definition() { return self.getCachedValue(definition); },
-            glossaryLayoutMode,
-            compactTags,
-            group: (resultOutputMode === 'group'),
-            merge: (resultOutputMode === 'merge'),
-            modeTermKanji: (mode === 'term-kanji'),
-            modeTermKana: (mode === 'term-kana'),
-            modeKanji: (mode === 'kanji'),
-            compactGlossaries: (glossaryLayoutMode === 'compact'),
-            get uniqueExpressions() { return self.getCachedValue(uniqueExpressions); },
-            get uniqueReadings() { return self.getCachedValue(uniqueReadings); },
-            get pitches() { return self.getCachedValue(pitches); },
-            get pitchCount() { return self.getCachedValue(pitchCount); },
-            get phoneticTranscriptions() { return self.getCachedValue(phoneticTranscriptions); },
-            get context() { return self.getCachedValue(context2); },
-            media,
-            dictionaryEntry
+ * Creates a compatibility representation of the specified data.
+ * @param {string} marker The marker that is being used for template rendering.
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').CreateDetails} details Information which is used to generate the data.
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').NoteData} An object used for rendering Anki templates.
+ */
+export function createAnkiNoteData(marker, {
+    dictionaryEntry,
+    resultOutputMode,
+    mode,
+    glossaryLayoutMode,
+    compactTags,
+    context,
+    media
+}) {
+    const definition = createCachedValue(getDefinition.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, context, resultOutputMode));
+    const uniqueExpressions = createCachedValue(getUniqueExpressions.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const uniqueReadings = createCachedValue(getUniqueReadings.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const context2 = createCachedValue(getPublicContext.bind(null, context));
+    const pitches = createCachedValue(getPitches.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const pitchCount = createCachedValue(getPitchCount.bind(null, pitches));
+    const phoneticTranscriptions = createCachedValue(getPhoneticTranscriptions.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+
+    if (typeof media !== 'object' || media === null || Array.isArray(media)) {
+        media = {
+            audio: void 0,
+            screenshot: void 0,
+            clipboardImage: void 0,
+            clipboardText: void 0,
+            selectionText: void 0,
+            textFurigana: [],
+            dictionaryMedia: {}
         };
-        Object.defineProperty(result, 'dictionaryEntry', {
-            configurable: false,
-            enumerable: false,
-            writable: false,
-            value: dictionaryEntry
-        });
-        return result;
     }
+    /** @type {import('anki-templates').NoteData} */
+    const result = {
+        marker,
+        get definition() { return getCachedValue(definition); },
+        glossaryLayoutMode,
+        compactTags,
+        group: (resultOutputMode === 'group'),
+        merge: (resultOutputMode === 'merge'),
+        modeTermKanji: (mode === 'term-kanji'),
+        modeTermKana: (mode === 'term-kana'),
+        modeKanji: (mode === 'kanji'),
+        compactGlossaries: (glossaryLayoutMode === 'compact'),
+        get uniqueExpressions() { return getCachedValue(uniqueExpressions); },
+        get uniqueReadings() { return getCachedValue(uniqueReadings); },
+        get pitches() { return getCachedValue(pitches); },
+        get pitchCount() { return getCachedValue(pitchCount); },
+        get phoneticTranscriptions() { return getCachedValue(phoneticTranscriptions); },
+        get context() { return getCachedValue(context2); },
+        media,
+        dictionaryEntry
+    };
+    Object.defineProperty(result, 'dictionaryEntry', {
+        configurable: false,
+        enumerable: false,
+        writable: false,
+        value: dictionaryEntry
+    });
+    return result;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Creates a deferred-evaluation value.
-     * @template [T=unknown]
-     * @param {() => T} getter The function to invoke to get the return value.
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates-internal').CachedValue<T>} An object which can be passed into `getCachedValue`.
-     */
-    createCachedValue(getter) {
-        return {getter, hasValue: false, value: void 0};
-    }
+/**
+ * Creates a deferred-evaluation value.
+ * @template [T=unknown]
+ * @param {() => T} getter The function to invoke to get the return value.
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates-internal').CachedValue<T>} An object which can be passed into `getCachedValue`.
+ */
+export function createCachedValue(getter) {
+    return {getter, hasValue: false, value: void 0};
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the value of a cached object.
-     * @template [T=unknown]
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').CachedValue<T>} item An object that was returned from `createCachedValue`.
-     * @returns {T} The result of evaluating the getter, which is cached after the first invocation.
-     */
-    getCachedValue(item) {
-        if (item.hasValue) { return /** @type {T} */ (item.value); }
-        const value = item.getter();
-        item.value = value;
-        item.hasValue = true;
-        return value;
-    }
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a cached object.
+ * @template [T=unknown]
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').CachedValue<T>} item An object that was returned from `createCachedValue`.
+ * @returns {T} The result of evaluating the getter, which is cached after the first invocation.
+ */
+export function getCachedValue(item) {
+    if (item.hasValue) { return /** @type {T} */ (item.value); }
+    const value = item.getter();
+    item.value = value;
+    item.hasValue = true;
+    return value;
+}
 
-    // Private
+// Private
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {?import('dictionary').TermSource}
-     */
-    _getPrimarySource(dictionaryEntry) {
-        for (const headword of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
-            for (const source of headword.sources) {
-                if (source.isPrimary) { return source; }
-            }
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {?import('dictionary').TermSource}
+ */
+function getPrimarySource(dictionaryEntry) {
+    for (const headword of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
+        for (const source of headword.sources) {
+            if (source.isPrimary) { return source; }
         }
-        return null;
     }
+    return null;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {string[]}
-     */
-    _getUniqueExpressions(dictionaryEntry) {
-        if (dictionaryEntry.type === 'term') {
-            const results = new Set();
-            for (const {term} of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
-                results.add(term);
-            }
-            return [...results];
-        } else {
-            return [];
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+function getUniqueExpressions(dictionaryEntry) {
+    if (dictionaryEntry.type === 'term') {
+        const results = new Set();
+        for (const {term} of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
+            results.add(term);
         }
+        return [...results];
+    } else {
+        return [];
     }
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {string[]}
-     */
-    _getUniqueReadings(dictionaryEntry) {
-        if (dictionaryEntry.type === 'term') {
-            const results = new Set();
-            for (const {reading} of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
-                results.add(reading);
-            }
-            return [...results];
-        } else {
-            return [];
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+function getUniqueReadings(dictionaryEntry) {
+    if (dictionaryEntry.type === 'term') {
+        const results = new Set();
+        for (const {reading} of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
+            results.add(reading);
         }
+        return [...results];
+    } else {
+        return [];
     }
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').Context}
-     */
-    _getPublicContext(context) {
-        let {documentTitle, query, fullQuery} = context;
-        if (typeof documentTitle !== 'string') { documentTitle = ''; }
-        return {
-            query,
-            fullQuery,
-            document: {
-                title: documentTitle
-            }
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').Context}
+ */
+function getPublicContext(context) {
+    let {documentTitle, query, fullQuery} = context;
+    if (typeof documentTitle !== 'string') { documentTitle = ''; }
+    return {
+        query,
+        fullQuery,
+        document: {
+            title: documentTitle
+        }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').PitchGroup[]}
-     */
-    _getPitches(dictionaryEntry) {
-        /** @type {import('anki-templates').PitchGroup[]} */
-        const results = [];
-        if (dictionaryEntry.type === 'term') {
-            for (const {dictionary, pronunciations} of DictionaryDataUtil.getGroupedPronunciations(dictionaryEntry)) {
-                /** @type {import('anki-templates').Pitch[]} */
-                const pitches = [];
-                for (const groupedPronunciation of pronunciations) {
-                    const {pronunciation} = groupedPronunciation;
-                    if (pronunciation.type !== 'pitch-accent') { continue; }
-                    const {position, nasalPositions, devoicePositions, tags} = pronunciation;
-                    const {terms, reading, exclusiveTerms, exclusiveReadings} = groupedPronunciation;
-                    pitches.push({
-                        expressions: terms,
-                        reading,
-                        position,
-                        nasalPositions,
-                        devoicePositions,
-                        tags: this._convertPitchTags(tags),
-                        exclusiveExpressions: exclusiveTerms,
-                        exclusiveReadings
-                    });
-                }
-                results.push({dictionary, pitches});
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').PitchGroup[]}
+ */
+function getPitches(dictionaryEntry) {
+    /** @type {import('anki-templates').PitchGroup[]} */
+    const results = [];
+    if (dictionaryEntry.type === 'term') {
+        for (const {dictionary, pronunciations} of getGroupedPronunciations(dictionaryEntry)) {
+            /** @type {import('anki-templates').Pitch[]} */
+            const pitches = [];
+            for (const groupedPronunciation of pronunciations) {
+                const {pronunciation} = groupedPronunciation;
+                if (pronunciation.type !== 'pitch-accent') { continue; }
+                const {position, nasalPositions, devoicePositions, tags} = pronunciation;
+                const {terms, reading, exclusiveTerms, exclusiveReadings} = groupedPronunciation;
+                pitches.push({
+                    expressions: terms,
+                    reading,
+                    position,
+                    nasalPositions,
+                    devoicePositions,
+                    tags: convertPitchTags(tags),
+                    exclusiveExpressions: exclusiveTerms,
+                    exclusiveReadings
+                });
             }
+            results.push({dictionary, pitches});
         }
-        return results;
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TranscriptionGroup[]}
-     */
-    _getPhoneticTranscriptions(dictionaryEntry) {
-        const results = [];
-        if (dictionaryEntry.type === 'term') {
-            for (const {dictionary, pronunciations} of DictionaryDataUtil.getGroupedPronunciations(dictionaryEntry)) {
-                const phoneticTranscriptions = [];
-                for (const groupedPronunciation of pronunciations) {
-                    const {pronunciation} = groupedPronunciation;
-                    if (pronunciation.type !== 'phonetic-transcription') { continue; }
-                    const {ipa, tags} = pronunciation;
-                    const {terms, reading, exclusiveTerms, exclusiveReadings} = groupedPronunciation;
-                    phoneticTranscriptions.push({
-                        expressions: terms,
-                        reading,
-                        ipa,
-                        tags,
-                        exclusiveExpressions: exclusiveTerms,
-                        exclusiveReadings
-                    });
-                }
-                results.push({dictionary, phoneticTranscriptions});
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TranscriptionGroup[]}
+ */
+function getPhoneticTranscriptions(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const results = [];
+    if (dictionaryEntry.type === 'term') {
+        for (const {dictionary, pronunciations} of getGroupedPronunciations(dictionaryEntry)) {
+            const phoneticTranscriptions = [];
+            for (const groupedPronunciation of pronunciations) {
+                const {pronunciation} = groupedPronunciation;
+                if (pronunciation.type !== 'phonetic-transcription') { continue; }
+                const {ipa, tags} = pronunciation;
+                const {terms, reading, exclusiveTerms, exclusiveReadings} = groupedPronunciation;
+                phoneticTranscriptions.push({
+                    expressions: terms,
+                    reading,
+                    ipa,
+                    tags,
+                    exclusiveExpressions: exclusiveTerms,
+                    exclusiveReadings
+                });
             }
+            results.push({dictionary, phoneticTranscriptions});
         }
-        return results;
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').CachedValue<import('anki-templates').PitchGroup[]>} cachedPitches
-     * @returns {number}
-     */
-    _getPitchCount(cachedPitches) {
-        const pitches = this.getCachedValue(cachedPitches);
-        return pitches.reduce((i, v) => i + v.pitches.length, 0);
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').CachedValue<import('anki-templates').PitchGroup[]>} cachedPitches
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+function getPitchCount(cachedPitches) {
+    const pitches = getCachedValue(cachedPitches);
+    return pitches.reduce((i, v) => i + v.pitches.length, 0);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
-     * @param {import('settings').ResultOutputMode} resultOutputMode
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').DictionaryEntry}
-     */
-    _getDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context, resultOutputMode) {
-        switch (dictionaryEntry.type) {
-            case 'term':
-                return this._getTermDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context, resultOutputMode);
-            case 'kanji':
-                return this._getKanjiDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context);
-            default:
-                return /** @type {import('anki-templates').UnknownDictionaryEntry} */ ({});
-        }
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
+ * @param {import('settings').ResultOutputMode} resultOutputMode
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').DictionaryEntry}
+ */
+function getDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context, resultOutputMode) {
+    switch (dictionaryEntry.type) {
+        case 'term':
+            return getTermDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context, resultOutputMode);
+        case 'kanji':
+            return getKanjiDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context);
+        default:
+            return /** @type {import('anki-templates').UnknownDictionaryEntry} */ ({});
     }
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').KanjiDictionaryEntry}
-     */
-    _getKanjiDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-        const self = this;
-
-        const {character, dictionary, onyomi, kunyomi, definitions} = dictionaryEntry;
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').KanjiDictionaryEntry}
+ */
+function getKanjiDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context) {
+    const {character, dictionary, onyomi, kunyomi, definitions} = dictionaryEntry;
+
+    let {url} = context;
+    if (typeof url !== 'string') { url = ''; }
+
+    const stats = createCachedValue(getKanjiStats.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const tags = createCachedValue(convertTags.bind(null, dictionaryEntry.tags));
+    const frequencies = createCachedValue(getKanjiFrequencies.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const cloze = createCachedValue(getCloze.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, context));
+
+    return {
+        type: 'kanji',
+        character,
+        dictionary,
+        onyomi,
+        kunyomi,
+        glossary: definitions,
+        get tags() { return getCachedValue(tags); },
+        get stats() { return getCachedValue(stats); },
+        get frequencies() { return getCachedValue(frequencies); },
+        url,
+        get cloze() { return getCachedValue(cloze); }
+    };
+}
 
-        let {url} = context;
-        if (typeof url !== 'string') { url = ''; }
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').KanjiStatGroups}
+ */
+function getKanjiStats(dictionaryEntry) {
+    /** @type {import('anki-templates').KanjiStatGroups} */
+    const results = {};
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(dictionaryEntry.stats)) {
+        results[key] = value.map(convertKanjiStat);
+    }
+    return results;
+}
 
-        const stats = this.createCachedValue(this._getKanjiStats.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const tags = this.createCachedValue(this._convertTags.bind(this, dictionaryEntry.tags));
-        const frequencies = this.createCachedValue(this._getKanjiFrequencies.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const cloze = this.createCachedValue(this._getCloze.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, context));
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiStat} kanjiStat
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').KanjiStat}
+ */
+function convertKanjiStat({name, category, content, order, score, dictionary, value}) {
+    return {
+        name,
+        category,
+        notes: content,
+        order,
+        score,
+        dictionary,
+        value
+    };
+}
 
-        return {
-            type: 'kanji',
-            character,
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').KanjiFrequency[]}
+ */
+function getKanjiFrequencies(dictionaryEntry) {
+    /** @type {import('anki-templates').KanjiFrequency[]} */
+    const results = [];
+    for (const {index, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, character, frequency, displayValue} of dictionaryEntry.frequencies) {
+        results.push({
+            index,
             dictionary,
-            onyomi,
-            kunyomi,
-            glossary: definitions,
-            get tags() { return self.getCachedValue(tags); },
-            get stats() { return self.getCachedValue(stats); },
-            get frequencies() { return self.getCachedValue(frequencies); },
-            url,
-            get cloze() { return self.getCachedValue(cloze); }
-        };
+            dictionaryOrder: {
+                index: dictionaryIndex,
+                priority: dictionaryPriority
+            },
+            character,
+            frequency: displayValue !== null ? displayValue : frequency
+        });
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').KanjiStatGroups}
-     */
-    _getKanjiStats(dictionaryEntry) {
-        /** @type {import('anki-templates').KanjiStatGroups} */
-        const results = {};
-        const convertKanjiStatBind = this._convertKanjiStat.bind(this);
-        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(dictionaryEntry.stats)) {
-            results[key] = value.map(convertKanjiStatBind);
-        }
-        return results;
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
+ * @param {import('settings').ResultOutputMode} resultOutputMode
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntry}
+ */
+function getTermDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context, resultOutputMode) {
+    /** @type {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} */
+    let type = 'term';
+    switch (resultOutputMode) {
+        case 'group': type = 'termGrouped'; break;
+        case 'merge': type = 'termMerged'; break;
+    }
+
+    const {inflectionRuleChainCandidates, score, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, sourceTermExactMatchCount, definitions} = dictionaryEntry;
+
+    let {url} = context;
+    if (typeof url !== 'string') { url = ''; }
+
+    const primarySource = getPrimarySource(dictionaryEntry);
+
+    const dictionaryNames = createCachedValue(getTermDictionaryNames.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const commonInfo = createCachedValue(getTermDictionaryEntryCommonInfo.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, type));
+    const termTags = createCachedValue(getTermTags.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, type));
+    const expressions = createCachedValue(getTermExpressions.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const frequencies = createCachedValue(getTermFrequencies.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const pitches = createCachedValue(getTermPitches.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const phoneticTranscriptions = createCachedValue(getTermPhoneticTranscriptions.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+    const glossary = createCachedValue(getTermGlossaryArray.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, type));
+    const cloze = createCachedValue(getCloze.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, context));
+    const furiganaSegments = createCachedValue(getTermFuriganaSegments.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, type));
+    const sequence = createCachedValue(getTermDictionaryEntrySequence.bind(null, dictionaryEntry));
+
+    return {
+        type,
+        id: (type === 'term' && definitions.length > 0 ? definitions[0].id : void 0),
+        source: (primarySource !== null ? primarySource.transformedText : null),
+        rawSource: (primarySource !== null ? primarySource.originalText : null),
+        sourceTerm: (type !== 'termMerged' ? (primarySource !== null ? primarySource.deinflectedText : null) : void 0),
+        inflectionRuleChainCandidates,
+        score,
+        isPrimary: (type === 'term' ? dictionaryEntry.isPrimary : void 0),
+        get sequence() { return getCachedValue(sequence); },
+        get dictionary() { return getCachedValue(dictionaryNames)[0]; },
+        dictionaryOrder: {
+            index: dictionaryIndex,
+            priority: dictionaryPriority
+        },
+        get dictionaryNames() { return getCachedValue(dictionaryNames); },
+        get expression() {
+            const {uniqueTerms} = getCachedValue(commonInfo);
+            return (type === 'term' || type === 'termGrouped' ? uniqueTerms[0] : uniqueTerms);
+        },
+        get reading() {
+            const {uniqueReadings} = getCachedValue(commonInfo);
+            return (type === 'term' || type === 'termGrouped' ? uniqueReadings[0] : uniqueReadings);
+        },
+        get expressions() { return getCachedValue(expressions); },
+        get glossary() { return getCachedValue(glossary); },
+        get definitionTags() { return type === 'term' ? getCachedValue(commonInfo).definitionTags : void 0; },
+        get termTags() { return getCachedValue(termTags); },
+        get definitions() { return getCachedValue(commonInfo).definitions; },
+        get frequencies() { return getCachedValue(frequencies); },
+        get pitches() { return getCachedValue(pitches); },
+        get phoneticTranscriptions() { return getCachedValue(phoneticTranscriptions); },
+        sourceTermExactMatchCount,
+        url,
+        get cloze() { return getCachedValue(cloze); },
+        get furiganaSegments() { return getCachedValue(furiganaSegments); }
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiStat} kanjiStat
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').KanjiStat}
-     */
-    _convertKanjiStat({name, category, content, order, score, dictionary, value}) {
-        return {
-            name,
-            category,
-            notes: content,
-            order,
-            score,
-            dictionary,
-            value
-        };
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+function getTermDictionaryNames(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const dictionaryNames = new Set();
+    for (const {dictionary} of dictionaryEntry.definitions) {
+        dictionaryNames.add(dictionary);
     }
+    return [...dictionaryNames];
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').KanjiFrequency[]}
-     */
-    _getKanjiFrequencies(dictionaryEntry) {
-        /** @type {import('anki-templates').KanjiFrequency[]} */
-        const results = [];
-        for (const {index, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, character, frequency, displayValue} of dictionaryEntry.frequencies) {
-            results.push({
-                index,
-                dictionary,
-                dictionaryOrder: {
-                    index: dictionaryIndex,
-                    priority: dictionaryPriority
-                },
-                character,
-                frequency: displayValue !== null ? displayValue : frequency
-            });
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} type
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryCommonInfo}
+ */
+function getTermDictionaryEntryCommonInfo(dictionaryEntry, type) {
+    const merged = (type === 'termMerged');
+    const hasDefinitions = (type !== 'term');
+
+    /** @type {Set<string>} */
+    const allTermsSet = new Set();
+    /** @type {Set<string>} */
+    const allReadingsSet = new Set();
+    for (const {term, reading} of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
+        allTermsSet.add(term);
+        allReadingsSet.add(reading);
+    }
+    const uniqueTerms = [...allTermsSet];
+    const uniqueReadings = [...allReadingsSet];
+
+    /** @type {import('anki-templates').TermDefinition[]} */
+    const definitions = [];
+    /** @type {import('anki-templates').Tag[]} */
+    const definitionTags = [];
+    for (const {tags, headwordIndices, entries, dictionary, sequences} of dictionaryEntry.definitions) {
+        const definitionTags2 = [];
+        for (const tag of tags) {
+            definitionTags.push(convertTag(tag));
+            definitionTags2.push(convertTag(tag));
         }
-        return results;
+        if (!hasDefinitions) { continue; }
+        const only = merged ? getDisambiguations(dictionaryEntry.headwords, headwordIndices, allTermsSet, allReadingsSet) : void 0;
+        definitions.push({
+            sequence: sequences[0],
+            dictionary,
+            glossary: entries,
+            definitionTags: definitionTags2,
+            only
+        });
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
-     * @param {import('settings').ResultOutputMode} resultOutputMode
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntry}
-     */
-    _getTermDefinition(dictionaryEntry, context, resultOutputMode) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-        const self = this;
-
-        /** @type {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} */
-        let type = 'term';
-        switch (resultOutputMode) {
-            case 'group': type = 'termGrouped'; break;
-            case 'merge': type = 'termMerged'; break;
-        }
+    return {
+        uniqueTerms,
+        uniqueReadings,
+        definitionTags,
+        definitions: hasDefinitions ? definitions : void 0
+    };
+}
 
-        const {inflectionRuleChainCandidates, score, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, sourceTermExactMatchCount, definitions} = dictionaryEntry;
-
-        let {url} = context;
-        if (typeof url !== 'string') { url = ''; }
-
-        const primarySource = this._getPrimarySource(dictionaryEntry);
-
-        const dictionaryNames = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermDictionaryNames.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const commonInfo = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermDictionaryEntryCommonInfo.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, type));
-        const termTags = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermTags.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, type));
-        const expressions = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermExpressions.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const frequencies = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermFrequencies.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const pitches = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermPitches.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const phoneticTranscriptions = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermPhoneticTranscriptions.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-        const glossary = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermGlossaryArray.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, type));
-        const cloze = this.createCachedValue(this._getCloze.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, context));
-        const furiganaSegments = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermFuriganaSegments.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, type));
-        const sequence = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermDictionaryEntrySequence.bind(this, dictionaryEntry));
-
-        return {
-            type,
-            id: (type === 'term' && definitions.length > 0 ? definitions[0].id : void 0),
-            source: (primarySource !== null ? primarySource.transformedText : null),
-            rawSource: (primarySource !== null ? primarySource.originalText : null),
-            sourceTerm: (type !== 'termMerged' ? (primarySource !== null ? primarySource.deinflectedText : null) : void 0),
-            inflectionRuleChainCandidates,
-            score,
-            isPrimary: (type === 'term' ? dictionaryEntry.isPrimary : void 0),
-            get sequence() { return self.getCachedValue(sequence); },
-            get dictionary() { return self.getCachedValue(dictionaryNames)[0]; },
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermFrequency[]}
+ */
+function getTermFrequencies(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const results = [];
+    const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
+    for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, hasReading, frequency, displayValue} of dictionaryEntry.frequencies) {
+        const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
+        results.push({
+            index: results.length,
+            expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
+            dictionary,
             dictionaryOrder: {
                 index: dictionaryIndex,
                 priority: dictionaryPriority
             },
-            get dictionaryNames() { return self.getCachedValue(dictionaryNames); },
-            get expression() {
-                const {uniqueTerms} = self.getCachedValue(commonInfo);
-                return (type === 'term' || type === 'termGrouped' ? uniqueTerms[0] : uniqueTerms);
-            },
-            get reading() {
-                const {uniqueReadings} = self.getCachedValue(commonInfo);
-                return (type === 'term' || type === 'termGrouped' ? uniqueReadings[0] : uniqueReadings);
-            },
-            get expressions() { return self.getCachedValue(expressions); },
-            get glossary() { return self.getCachedValue(glossary); },
-            get definitionTags() { return type === 'term' ? self.getCachedValue(commonInfo).definitionTags : void 0; },
-            get termTags() { return self.getCachedValue(termTags); },
-            get definitions() { return self.getCachedValue(commonInfo).definitions; },
-            get frequencies() { return self.getCachedValue(frequencies); },
-            get pitches() { return self.getCachedValue(pitches); },
-            get phoneticTranscriptions() { return self.getCachedValue(phoneticTranscriptions); },
-            sourceTermExactMatchCount,
-            url,
-            get cloze() { return self.getCachedValue(cloze); },
-            get furiganaSegments() { return self.getCachedValue(furiganaSegments); }
-        };
+            expression: term,
+            reading,
+            hasReading,
+            frequency: displayValue !== null ? displayValue : frequency
+        });
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {string[]}
-     */
-    _getTermDictionaryNames(dictionaryEntry) {
-        const dictionaryNames = new Set();
-        for (const {dictionary} of dictionaryEntry.definitions) {
-            dictionaryNames.add(dictionary);
-        }
-        return [...dictionaryNames];
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermPitchAccent[]}
+ */
+function getTermPitches(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const results = [];
+    const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
+    for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, pronunciations} of dictionaryEntry.pronunciations) {
+        const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
+        const pitches = getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, 'pitch-accent');
+        const cachedPitches = createCachedValue(getTermPitchesInner.bind(null, pitches));
+        results.push({
+            index: results.length,
+            expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
+            dictionary,
+            dictionaryOrder: {
+                index: dictionaryIndex,
+                priority: dictionaryPriority
+            },
+            expression: term,
+            reading,
+            get pitches() { return getCachedValue(cachedPitches); }
+        });
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} type
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryCommonInfo}
-     */
-    _getTermDictionaryEntryCommonInfo(dictionaryEntry, type) {
-        const merged = (type === 'termMerged');
-        const hasDefinitions = (type !== 'term');
-
-        /** @type {Set<string>} */
-        const allTermsSet = new Set();
-        /** @type {Set<string>} */
-        const allReadingsSet = new Set();
-        for (const {term, reading} of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
-            allTermsSet.add(term);
-            allReadingsSet.add(reading);
-        }
-        const uniqueTerms = [...allTermsSet];
-        const uniqueReadings = [...allReadingsSet];
-
-        /** @type {import('anki-templates').TermDefinition[]} */
-        const definitions = [];
-        /** @type {import('anki-templates').Tag[]} */
-        const definitionTags = [];
-        for (const {tags, headwordIndices, entries, dictionary, sequences} of dictionaryEntry.definitions) {
-            const definitionTags2 = [];
-            for (const tag of tags) {
-                definitionTags.push(this._convertTag(tag));
-                definitionTags2.push(this._convertTag(tag));
-            }
-            if (!hasDefinitions) { continue; }
-            const only = merged ? DictionaryDataUtil.getDisambiguations(dictionaryEntry.headwords, headwordIndices, allTermsSet, allReadingsSet) : void 0;
-            definitions.push({
-                sequence: sequences[0],
-                dictionary,
-                glossary: entries,
-                definitionTags: definitionTags2,
-                only
-            });
-        }
-
-        return {
-            uniqueTerms,
-            uniqueReadings,
-            definitionTags,
-            definitions: hasDefinitions ? definitions : void 0
-        };
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').PitchAccent[]} pitches
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').PitchAccent[]}
+ */
+function getTermPitchesInner(pitches) {
+    const results = [];
+    for (const {position, tags} of pitches) {
+        const cachedTags = createCachedValue(convertTags.bind(null, tags));
+        results.push({
+            position,
+            get tags() { return getCachedValue(cachedTags); }
+        });
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermFrequency[]}
-     */
-    _getTermFrequencies(dictionaryEntry) {
-        const results = [];
-        const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
-        for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, hasReading, frequency, displayValue} of dictionaryEntry.frequencies) {
-            const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-            results.push({
-                index: results.length,
-                expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
-                dictionary,
-                dictionaryOrder: {
-                    index: dictionaryIndex,
-                    priority: dictionaryPriority
-                },
-                expression: term,
-                reading,
-                hasReading,
-                frequency: displayValue !== null ? displayValue : frequency
-            });
-        }
-        return results;
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermPhoneticTranscription[]}
+ */
+function getTermPhoneticTranscriptions(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const results = [];
+    const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
+    for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, pronunciations} of dictionaryEntry.pronunciations) {
+        const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
+        const phoneticTranscriptions = getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, 'phonetic-transcription');
+        const termPhoneticTranscriptions = getTermPhoneticTranscriptionsInner(phoneticTranscriptions);
+        results.push({
+            index: results.length,
+            expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
+            dictionary,
+            dictionaryOrder: {
+                index: dictionaryIndex,
+                priority: dictionaryPriority
+            },
+            expression: term,
+            reading,
+            get phoneticTranscriptions() { return termPhoneticTranscriptions; }
+        });
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermPitchAccent[]}
-     */
-    _getTermPitches(dictionaryEntry) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-        const self = this;
-        const results = [];
-        const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
-        for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, pronunciations} of dictionaryEntry.pronunciations) {
-            const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-            const pitches = DictionaryDataUtil.getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, 'pitch-accent');
-            const cachedPitches = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermPitchesInner.bind(this, pitches));
-            results.push({
-                index: results.length,
-                expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
-                dictionary,
-                dictionaryOrder: {
-                    index: dictionaryIndex,
-                    priority: dictionaryPriority
-                },
-                expression: term,
-                reading,
-                get pitches() { return self.getCachedValue(cachedPitches); }
-            });
-        }
-        return results;
-    }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').PitchAccent[]} pitches
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').PitchAccent[]}
-     */
-    _getTermPitchesInner(pitches) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-        const self = this;
-        const results = [];
-        for (const {position, tags} of pitches) {
-            const cachedTags = this.createCachedValue(this._convertTags.bind(this, tags));
-            results.push({
-                position,
-                get tags() { return self.getCachedValue(cachedTags); }
-            });
-        }
-        return results;
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').PhoneticTranscription[]} phoneticTranscriptions
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').PhoneticTranscription[]}
+ */
+function getTermPhoneticTranscriptionsInner(phoneticTranscriptions) {
+    const results = [];
+    for (const {ipa, tags} of phoneticTranscriptions) {
+        const cachedTags = createCachedValue(convertTags.bind(null, tags));
+        results.push({
+            ipa,
+            get tags() { return getCachedValue(cachedTags); }
+        });
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermPhoneticTranscription[]}
-     */
-    _getTermPhoneticTranscriptions(dictionaryEntry) {
-        const results = [];
-        const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
-        for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, pronunciations} of dictionaryEntry.pronunciations) {
-            const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-            const phoneticTranscriptions = DictionaryDataUtil.getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, 'phonetic-transcription');
-            const termPhoneticTranscriptions = this._getTermPhoneticTranscriptionsInner(phoneticTranscriptions);
-            results.push({
-                index: results.length,
-                expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
-                dictionary,
-                dictionaryOrder: {
-                    index: dictionaryIndex,
-                    priority: dictionaryPriority
-                },
-                expression: term,
-                reading,
-                get phoneticTranscriptions() { return termPhoneticTranscriptions; }
-            });
-        }
-
-        return results;
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermHeadword[]}
+ */
+function getTermExpressions(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const results = [];
+    const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
+    for (let i = 0, ii = headwords.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+        const {term, reading, tags, sources: [{deinflectedText}], wordClasses} = headwords[i];
+        const termTags = createCachedValue(convertTags.bind(null, tags));
+        const frequencies = createCachedValue(getTermExpressionFrequencies.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, i));
+        const pitches = createCachedValue(getTermExpressionPitches.bind(null, dictionaryEntry, i));
+        const termFrequency = createCachedValue(getTermExpressionTermFrequency.bind(null, termTags));
+        const furiganaSegments = createCachedValue(getTermHeadwordFuriganaSegments.bind(null, term, reading));
+        const item = {
+            sourceTerm: deinflectedText,
+            expression: term,
+            reading,
+            get termTags() { return getCachedValue(termTags); },
+            get frequencies() { return getCachedValue(frequencies); },
+            get pitches() { return getCachedValue(pitches); },
+            get furiganaSegments() { return getCachedValue(furiganaSegments); },
+            get termFrequency() { return getCachedValue(termFrequency); },
+            wordClasses
+        };
+        results.push(item);
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').PhoneticTranscription[]} phoneticTranscriptions
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').PhoneticTranscription[]}
-     */
-    _getTermPhoneticTranscriptionsInner(phoneticTranscriptions) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-        const self = this;
-        const results = [];
-        for (const {ipa, tags} of phoneticTranscriptions) {
-            const cachedTags = this.createCachedValue(this._convertTags.bind(this, tags));
-            results.push({
-                ipa,
-                get tags() { return self.getCachedValue(cachedTags); }
-            });
-        }
-        return results;
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {number} i
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermFrequency[]}
+ */
+function getTermExpressionFrequencies(dictionaryEntry, i) {
+    const results = [];
+    const {headwords, frequencies} = dictionaryEntry;
+    for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, hasReading, frequency, displayValue} of frequencies) {
+        if (headwordIndex !== i) { continue; }
+        const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
+        results.push({
+            index: results.length,
+            expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
+            dictionary,
+            dictionaryOrder: {
+                index: dictionaryIndex,
+                priority: dictionaryPriority
+            },
+            expression: term,
+            reading,
+            hasReading,
+            frequency: displayValue !== null ? displayValue : frequency
+        });
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermHeadword[]}
-     */
-    _getTermExpressions(dictionaryEntry) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-        const self = this;
-        const results = [];
-        const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
-        for (let i = 0, ii = headwords.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-            const {term, reading, tags, sources: [{deinflectedText}], wordClasses} = headwords[i];
-            const termTags = this.createCachedValue(this._convertTags.bind(this, tags));
-            const frequencies = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermExpressionFrequencies.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, i));
-            const pitches = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermExpressionPitches.bind(this, dictionaryEntry, i));
-            const termFrequency = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermExpressionTermFrequency.bind(this, termTags));
-            const furiganaSegments = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermHeadwordFuriganaSegments.bind(this, term, reading));
-            const item = {
-                sourceTerm: deinflectedText,
-                expression: term,
-                reading,
-                get termTags() { return self.getCachedValue(termTags); },
-                get frequencies() { return self.getCachedValue(frequencies); },
-                get pitches() { return self.getCachedValue(pitches); },
-                get furiganaSegments() { return self.getCachedValue(furiganaSegments); },
-                get termFrequency() { return self.getCachedValue(termFrequency); },
-                wordClasses
-            };
-            results.push(item);
-        }
-        return results;
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {number} i
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermPitchAccent[]}
+ */
+function getTermExpressionPitches(dictionaryEntry, i) {
+    const results = [];
+    const {headwords, pronunciations: termPronunciations} = dictionaryEntry;
+    for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, pronunciations} of termPronunciations) {
+        if (headwordIndex !== i) { continue; }
+        const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
+        const pitches = getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, 'pitch-accent');
+        const cachedPitches = createCachedValue(getTermPitchesInner.bind(null, pitches));
+        results.push({
+            index: results.length,
+            expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
+            dictionary,
+            dictionaryOrder: {
+                index: dictionaryIndex,
+                priority: dictionaryPriority
+            },
+            expression: term,
+            reading,
+            get pitches() { return getCachedValue(cachedPitches); }
+        });
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {number} i
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermFrequency[]}
-     */
-    _getTermExpressionFrequencies(dictionaryEntry, i) {
-        const results = [];
-        const {headwords, frequencies} = dictionaryEntry;
-        for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, hasReading, frequency, displayValue} of frequencies) {
-            if (headwordIndex !== i) { continue; }
-            const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-            results.push({
-                index: results.length,
-                expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
-                dictionary,
-                dictionaryOrder: {
-                    index: dictionaryIndex,
-                    priority: dictionaryPriority
-                },
-                expression: term,
-                reading,
-                hasReading,
-                frequency: displayValue !== null ? displayValue : frequency
-            });
-        }
-        return results;
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').CachedValue<import('anki-templates').Tag[]>} cachedTermTags
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermFrequencyType}
+ */
+function getTermExpressionTermFrequency(cachedTermTags) {
+    const termTags = getCachedValue(cachedTermTags);
+    return getTermFrequency(termTags);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {number} i
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermPitchAccent[]}
-     */
-    _getTermExpressionPitches(dictionaryEntry, i) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
-        const self = this;
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} type
+ * @returns {import('dictionary-data').TermGlossary[]|undefined}
+ */
+function getTermGlossaryArray(dictionaryEntry, type) {
+    if (type === 'term') {
         const results = [];
-        const {headwords, pronunciations: termPronunciations} = dictionaryEntry;
-        for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, dictionaryIndex, dictionaryPriority, pronunciations} of termPronunciations) {
-            if (headwordIndex !== i) { continue; }
-            const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-            const pitches = DictionaryDataUtil.getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, 'pitch-accent');
-            const cachedPitches = this.createCachedValue(this._getTermPitchesInner.bind(this, pitches));
-            results.push({
-                index: results.length,
-                expressionIndex: headwordIndex,
-                dictionary,
-                dictionaryOrder: {
-                    index: dictionaryIndex,
-                    priority: dictionaryPriority
-                },
-                expression: term,
-                reading,
-                get pitches() { return self.getCachedValue(cachedPitches); }
-            });
+        for (const {entries} of dictionaryEntry.definitions) {
+            results.push(...entries);
         }
         return results;
     }
+    return void 0;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').CachedValue<import('anki-templates').Tag[]>} cachedTermTags
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').TermFrequencyType}
-     */
-    _getTermExpressionTermFrequency(cachedTermTags) {
-        const termTags = this.getCachedValue(cachedTermTags);
-        return DictionaryDataUtil.getTermFrequency(termTags);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} type
-     * @returns {import('dictionary-data').TermGlossary[]|undefined}
-     */
-    _getTermGlossaryArray(dictionaryEntry, type) {
-        if (type === 'term') {
-            const results = [];
-            for (const {entries} of dictionaryEntry.definitions) {
-                results.push(...entries);
-            }
-            return results;
-        }
-        return void 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} type
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').Tag[]|undefined}
-     */
-    _getTermTags(dictionaryEntry, type) {
-        if (type !== 'termMerged') {
-            const results = [];
-            for (const {tag} of DictionaryDataUtil.groupTermTags(dictionaryEntry)) {
-                results.push(this._convertTag(tag));
-            }
-            return results;
-        }
-        return void 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]} tags
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').Tag[]}
-     */
-    _convertTags(tags) {
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} type
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').Tag[]|undefined}
+ */
+function getTermTags(dictionaryEntry, type) {
+    if (type !== 'termMerged') {
         const results = [];
-        for (const tag of tags) {
-            results.push(this._convertTag(tag));
+        for (const {tag} of groupTermTags(dictionaryEntry)) {
+            results.push(convertTag(tag));
         }
         return results;
     }
+    return void 0;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Tag} tag
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').Tag}
-     */
-    _convertTag({name, category, content, order, score, dictionaries, redundant}) {
-        return {
-            name,
-            category,
-            notes: (content.length > 0 ? content[0] : ''),
-            order,
-            score,
-            dictionary: (dictionaries.length > 0 ? dictionaries[0] : ''),
-            redundant
-        };
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]} tags
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').Tag[]}
+ */
+function convertTags(tags) {
+    const results = [];
+    for (const tag of tags) {
+        results.push(convertTag(tag));
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]} tags
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').PitchTag[]}
-     */
-    _convertPitchTags(tags) {
-        const results = [];
-        for (const tag of tags) {
-            results.push(this._convertPitchTag(tag));
-        }
-        return results;
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Tag} tag
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').Tag}
+ */
+function convertTag({name, category, content, order, score, dictionaries, redundant}) {
+    return {
+        name,
+        category,
+        notes: (content.length > 0 ? content[0] : ''),
+        order,
+        score,
+        dictionary: (dictionaries.length > 0 ? dictionaries[0] : ''),
+        redundant
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Tag} tag
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').PitchTag}
-     */
-    _convertPitchTag({name, category, content, order, score, dictionaries, redundant}) {
-        return {
-            name,
-            category,
-            order,
-            score,
-            content: [...content],
-            dictionaries: [...dictionaries],
-            redundant
-        };
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]} tags
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').PitchTag[]}
+ */
+function convertPitchTags(tags) {
+    const results = [];
+    for (const tag of tags) {
+        results.push(convertPitchTag(tag));
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').Cloze}
-     */
-    _getCloze(dictionaryEntry, context) {
-        let originalText = '';
-        switch (dictionaryEntry.type) {
-            case 'term':
-                {
-                    const primarySource = this._getPrimarySource(dictionaryEntry);
-                    if (primarySource !== null) { originalText = primarySource.originalText; }
-                }
-                break;
-            case 'kanji':
-                originalText = dictionaryEntry.character;
-                break;
-        }
-
-        const {sentence} = context;
-        let text;
-        let offset;
-        if (typeof sentence === 'object' && sentence !== null) {
-            ({text, offset} = sentence);
-        }
-        if (typeof text !== 'string') { text = ''; }
-        if (typeof offset !== 'number') { offset = 0; }
-
-        return {
-            sentence: text,
-            prefix: text.substring(0, offset),
-            body: text.substring(offset, offset + originalText.length),
-            suffix: text.substring(offset + originalText.length)
-        };
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Tag} tag
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').PitchTag}
+ */
+function convertPitchTag({name, category, content, order, score, dictionaries, redundant}) {
+    return {
+        name,
+        category,
+        order,
+        score,
+        content: [...content],
+        dictionaries: [...dictionaries],
+        redundant
+    };
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @param {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} type
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').FuriganaSegment[]|undefined}
-     */
-    _getTermFuriganaSegments(dictionaryEntry, type) {
-        if (type === 'term') {
-            for (const {term, reading} of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
-                return this._getTermHeadwordFuriganaSegments(term, reading);
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {import('anki-templates-internal').Context} context
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').Cloze}
+ */
+function getCloze(dictionaryEntry, context) {
+    let originalText = '';
+    switch (dictionaryEntry.type) {
+        case 'term':
+            {
+                const primarySource = getPrimarySource(dictionaryEntry);
+                if (primarySource !== null) { originalText = primarySource.originalText; }
             }
+            break;
+        case 'kanji':
+            originalText = dictionaryEntry.character;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    const {sentence} = context;
+    let text;
+    let offset;
+    if (typeof sentence === 'object' && sentence !== null) {
+        ({text, offset} = sentence);
+    }
+    if (typeof text !== 'string') { text = ''; }
+    if (typeof offset !== 'number') { offset = 0; }
+
+    return {
+        sentence: text,
+        prefix: text.substring(0, offset),
+        body: text.substring(offset, offset + originalText.length),
+        suffix: text.substring(offset + originalText.length)
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @param {import('anki-templates').TermDictionaryEntryType} type
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').FuriganaSegment[]|undefined}
+ */
+function getTermFuriganaSegments(dictionaryEntry, type) {
+    if (type === 'term') {
+        for (const {term, reading} of dictionaryEntry.headwords) {
+            return getTermHeadwordFuriganaSegments(term, reading);
         }
-        return void 0;
     }
+    return void 0;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} term
-     * @param {string} reading
-     * @returns {import('anki-templates').FuriganaSegment[]}
-     */
-    _getTermHeadwordFuriganaSegments(term, reading) {
-        /** @type {import('anki-templates').FuriganaSegment[]} */
-        const result = [];
-        for (const {text, reading: reading2} of distributeFurigana(term, reading)) {
-            result.push({text, furigana: reading2});
-        }
-        return result;
+/**
+ * @param {string} term
+ * @param {string} reading
+ * @returns {import('anki-templates').FuriganaSegment[]}
+ */
+function getTermHeadwordFuriganaSegments(term, reading) {
+    /** @type {import('anki-templates').FuriganaSegment[]} */
+    const result = [];
+    for (const {text, reading: reading2} of distributeFurigana(term, reading)) {
+        result.push({text, furigana: reading2});
     }
+    return result;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {number}
-     */
-    _getTermDictionaryEntrySequence(dictionaryEntry) {
-        let hasSequence = false;
-        let mainSequence = -1;
-        if (!dictionaryEntry.isPrimary) { return mainSequence; }
-        for (const {sequences} of dictionaryEntry.definitions) {
-            const sequence = sequences[0];
-            if (!hasSequence) {
-                mainSequence = sequence;
-                hasSequence = true;
-                if (mainSequence === -1) { break; }
-            } else if (mainSequence !== sequence) {
-                mainSequence = -1;
-                break;
-            }
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+function getTermDictionaryEntrySequence(dictionaryEntry) {
+    let hasSequence = false;
+    let mainSequence = -1;
+    if (!dictionaryEntry.isPrimary) { return mainSequence; }
+    for (const {sequences} of dictionaryEntry.definitions) {
+        const sequence = sequences[0];
+        if (!hasSequence) {
+            mainSequence = sequence;
+            hasSequence = true;
+            if (mainSequence === -1) { break; }
+        } else if (mainSequence !== sequence) {
+            mainSequence = -1;
+            break;
         }
-        return mainSequence;
     }
+    return mainSequence;
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js b/ext/js/data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js
index 1857ec74..487fcd24 100644
--- a/ext/js/data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js
+++ b/ext/js/data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js
@@ -17,61 +17,56 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * Class containing generic ArrayBuffer utility functions.
+ * Decodes the contents of an ArrayBuffer using UTF8.
+ * @param {ArrayBuffer} arrayBuffer The input ArrayBuffer.
+ * @returns {string} A UTF8-decoded string.
  */
-export class ArrayBufferUtil {
-    /**
-     * Decodes the contents of an ArrayBuffer using UTF8.
-     * @param {ArrayBuffer} arrayBuffer The input ArrayBuffer.
-     * @returns {string} A UTF8-decoded string.
-     */
-    static arrayBufferUtf8Decode(arrayBuffer) {
-        try {
-            return new TextDecoder('utf-8').decode(arrayBuffer);
-        } catch (e) {
-            return decodeURIComponent(escape(this.arrayBufferToBinaryString(arrayBuffer)));
-        }
+export function arrayBufferUtf8Decode(arrayBuffer) {
+    try {
+        return new TextDecoder('utf-8').decode(arrayBuffer);
+    } catch (e) {
+        return decodeURIComponent(escape(arrayBufferToBinaryString(arrayBuffer)));
     }
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Converts the contents of an ArrayBuffer to a base64 string.
-     * @param {ArrayBuffer} arrayBuffer The input ArrayBuffer.
-     * @returns {string} A base64 string representing the binary content.
-     */
-    static arrayBufferToBase64(arrayBuffer) {
-        return btoa(this.arrayBufferToBinaryString(arrayBuffer));
-    }
+/**
+ * Converts the contents of an ArrayBuffer to a base64 string.
+ * @param {ArrayBuffer} arrayBuffer The input ArrayBuffer.
+ * @returns {string} A base64 string representing the binary content.
+ */
+export function arrayBufferToBase64(arrayBuffer) {
+    return btoa(arrayBufferToBinaryString(arrayBuffer));
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Converts the contents of an ArrayBuffer to a binary string.
-     * @param {ArrayBuffer} arrayBuffer The input ArrayBuffer.
-     * @returns {string} A string representing the binary content.
-     */
-    static arrayBufferToBinaryString(arrayBuffer) {
-        const bytes = new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer);
-        try {
-            return String.fromCharCode(...bytes);
-        } catch (e) {
-            let binary = '';
-            for (let i = 0, ii = bytes.byteLength; i < ii; ++i) {
-                binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
-            }
-            return binary;
+/**
+ * Converts the contents of an ArrayBuffer to a binary string.
+ * @param {ArrayBuffer} arrayBuffer The input ArrayBuffer.
+ * @returns {string} A string representing the binary content.
+ */
+export function arrayBufferToBinaryString(arrayBuffer) {
+    const bytes = new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer);
+    try {
+        return String.fromCharCode(...bytes);
+    } catch (e) {
+        let binary = '';
+        for (let i = 0, ii = bytes.byteLength; i < ii; ++i) {
+            binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
         }
+        return binary;
     }
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Converts a base64 string to an ArrayBuffer.
-     * @param {string} content The binary content string encoded in base64.
-     * @returns {ArrayBuffer} A new `ArrayBuffer` object corresponding to the specified content.
-     */
-    static base64ToArrayBuffer(content) {
-        const binaryContent = atob(content);
-        const length = binaryContent.length;
-        const array = new Uint8Array(length);
-        for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-            array[i] = binaryContent.charCodeAt(i);
-        }
-        return array.buffer;
+/**
+ * Converts a base64 string to an ArrayBuffer.
+ * @param {string} content The binary content string encoded in base64.
+ * @returns {ArrayBuffer} A new `ArrayBuffer` object corresponding to the specified content.
+ */
+export function base64ToArrayBuffer(content) {
+    const binaryContent = atob(content);
+    const length = binaryContent.length;
+    const array = new Uint8Array(length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+        array[i] = binaryContent.charCodeAt(i);
     }
+    return array.buffer;
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/data/sandbox/string-util.js b/ext/js/data/sandbox/string-util.js
index 3bc1c549..45e52f08 100644
--- a/ext/js/data/sandbox/string-util.js
+++ b/ext/js/data/sandbox/string-util.js
@@ -17,59 +17,54 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * Class containing generic string utility functions.
+ * Reads code points from a string in the forward direction.
+ * @param {string} text The text to read the code points from.
+ * @param {number} position The index of the first character to read.
+ * @param {number} count The number of code points to read.
+ * @returns {string} The code points from the string.
  */
-export class StringUtil {
-    /**
-     * Reads code points from a string in the forward direction.
-     * @param {string} text The text to read the code points from.
-     * @param {number} position The index of the first character to read.
-     * @param {number} count The number of code points to read.
-     * @returns {string} The code points from the string.
-     */
-    static readCodePointsForward(text, position, count) {
-        const textLength = text.length;
-        let result = '';
-        for (; count > 0; --count) {
-            const char = text[position];
-            result += char;
-            if (++position >= textLength) { break; }
-            const charCode = char.charCodeAt(0);
-            if (charCode >= 0xd800 && charCode < 0xdc00) { // charCode is a high surrogate code
-                const char2 = text[position];
-                const charCode2 = char2.charCodeAt(0);
-                if (charCode2 >= 0xdc00 && charCode2 < 0xe000) { // charCode2 is a low surrogate code
-                    result += char2;
-                    if (++position >= textLength) { break; }
-                }
+export function readCodePointsForward(text, position, count) {
+    const textLength = text.length;
+    let result = '';
+    for (; count > 0; --count) {
+        const char = text[position];
+        result += char;
+        if (++position >= textLength) { break; }
+        const charCode = char.charCodeAt(0);
+        if (charCode >= 0xd800 && charCode < 0xdc00) { // charCode is a high surrogate code
+            const char2 = text[position];
+            const charCode2 = char2.charCodeAt(0);
+            if (charCode2 >= 0xdc00 && charCode2 < 0xe000) { // charCode2 is a low surrogate code
+                result += char2;
+                if (++position >= textLength) { break; }
             }
         }
-        return result;
     }
+    return result;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Reads code points from a string in the backward direction.
-     * @param {string} text The text to read the code points from.
-     * @param {number} position The index of the first character to read.
-     * @param {number} count The number of code points to read.
-     * @returns {string} The code points from the string.
-     */
-    static readCodePointsBackward(text, position, count) {
-        let result = '';
-        for (; count > 0; --count) {
-            const char = text[position];
-            result = char + result;
-            if (--position < 0) { break; }
-            const charCode = char.charCodeAt(0);
-            if (charCode >= 0xdc00 && charCode < 0xe000) { // charCode is a low surrogate code
-                const char2 = text[position];
-                const charCode2 = char2.charCodeAt(0);
-                if (charCode2 >= 0xd800 && charCode2 < 0xdc00) { // charCode2 is a high surrogate code
-                    result = char2 + result;
-                    if (--position < 0) { break; }
-                }
+/**
+ * Reads code points from a string in the backward direction.
+ * @param {string} text The text to read the code points from.
+ * @param {number} position The index of the first character to read.
+ * @param {number} count The number of code points to read.
+ * @returns {string} The code points from the string.
+ */
+export function readCodePointsBackward(text, position, count) {
+    let result = '';
+    for (; count > 0; --count) {
+        const char = text[position];
+        result = char + result;
+        if (--position < 0) { break; }
+        const charCode = char.charCodeAt(0);
+        if (charCode >= 0xdc00 && charCode < 0xe000) { // charCode is a low surrogate code
+            const char2 = text[position];
+            const charCode2 = char2.charCodeAt(0);
+            if (charCode2 >= 0xd800 && charCode2 < 0xdc00) { // charCode2 is a high surrogate code
+                result = char2 + result;
+                if (--position < 0) { break; }
             }
         }
-        return result;
     }
+    return result;
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js b/ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js
index 9b49c7af..a2a106cc 100644
--- a/ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js
+++ b/ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js
@@ -16,411 +16,409 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-export class DictionaryDataUtil {
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').TagGroup[]}
-     */
-    static groupTermTags(dictionaryEntry) {
-        const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
-        const headwordCount = headwords.length;
-        const uniqueCheck = (headwordCount > 1);
-        const resultsIndexMap = new Map();
-        const results = [];
-        for (let i = 0; i < headwordCount; ++i) {
-            const {tags} = headwords[i];
-            for (const tag of tags) {
-                if (uniqueCheck) {
-                    const {name, category, content, dictionaries} = tag;
-                    const key = this._createMapKey([name, category, content, dictionaries]);
-                    const index = resultsIndexMap.get(key);
-                    if (typeof index !== 'undefined') {
-                        const existingItem = results[index];
-                        existingItem.headwordIndices.push(i);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    resultsIndexMap.set(key, results.length);
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').TagGroup[]}
+ */
+export function groupTermTags(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const {headwords} = dictionaryEntry;
+    const headwordCount = headwords.length;
+    const uniqueCheck = (headwordCount > 1);
+    const resultsIndexMap = new Map();
+    const results = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < headwordCount; ++i) {
+        const {tags} = headwords[i];
+        for (const tag of tags) {
+            if (uniqueCheck) {
+                const {name, category, content, dictionaries} = tag;
+                const key = createMapKey([name, category, content, dictionaries]);
+                const index = resultsIndexMap.get(key);
+                if (typeof index !== 'undefined') {
+                    const existingItem = results[index];
+                    existingItem.headwordIndices.push(i);
+                    continue;
                 }
-
-                const item = {tag, headwordIndices: [i]};
-                results.push(item);
+                resultsIndexMap.set(key, results.length);
             }
+
+            const item = {tag, headwordIndices: [i]};
+            results.push(item);
         }
-        return results;
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').DictionaryFrequency<import('dictionary-data-util').TermFrequency>[]}
-     */
-    static groupTermFrequencies(dictionaryEntry) {
-        const {headwords, frequencies: sourceFrequencies} = dictionaryEntry;
-
-        /** @type {import('dictionary-data-util').TermFrequenciesMap1} */
-        const map1 = new Map();
-        for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, hasReading, frequency, displayValue} of sourceFrequencies) {
-            const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-
-            let map2 = map1.get(dictionary);
-            if (typeof map2 === 'undefined') {
-                map2 = new Map();
-                map1.set(dictionary, map2);
-            }
-
-            const readingKey = hasReading ? reading : null;
-            const key = this._createMapKey([term, readingKey]);
-            let frequencyData = map2.get(key);
-            if (typeof frequencyData === 'undefined') {
-                frequencyData = {term, reading: readingKey, values: new Map()};
-                map2.set(key, frequencyData);
-            }
-
-            frequencyData.values.set(this._createMapKey([frequency, displayValue]), {frequency, displayValue});
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').DictionaryFrequency<import('dictionary-data-util').TermFrequency>[]}
+ */
+export function groupTermFrequencies(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const {headwords, frequencies: sourceFrequencies} = dictionaryEntry;
+
+    /** @type {import('dictionary-data-util').TermFrequenciesMap1} */
+    const map1 = new Map();
+    for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, hasReading, frequency, displayValue} of sourceFrequencies) {
+        const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
+
+        let map2 = map1.get(dictionary);
+        if (typeof map2 === 'undefined') {
+            map2 = new Map();
+            map1.set(dictionary, map2);
         }
 
-        const results = [];
-        for (const [dictionary, map2] of map1.entries()) {
-            const frequencies = [];
-            for (const {term, reading, values} of map2.values()) {
-                frequencies.push({
-                    term,
-                    reading,
-                    values: [...values.values()]
-                });
-            }
-            results.push({dictionary, frequencies});
+        const readingKey = hasReading ? reading : null;
+        const key = createMapKey([term, readingKey]);
+        let frequencyData = map2.get(key);
+        if (typeof frequencyData === 'undefined') {
+            frequencyData = {term, reading: readingKey, values: new Map()};
+            map2.set(key, frequencyData);
         }
-        return results;
-    }
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiFrequency[]} sourceFrequencies
-     * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').DictionaryFrequency<import('dictionary-data-util').KanjiFrequency>[]}
-     */
-    static groupKanjiFrequencies(sourceFrequencies) {
-        /** @type {import('dictionary-data-util').KanjiFrequenciesMap1} */
-        const map1 = new Map();
-        for (const {dictionary, character, frequency, displayValue} of sourceFrequencies) {
-            let map2 = map1.get(dictionary);
-            if (typeof map2 === 'undefined') {
-                map2 = new Map();
-                map1.set(dictionary, map2);
-            }
-
-            let frequencyData = map2.get(character);
-            if (typeof frequencyData === 'undefined') {
-                frequencyData = {character, values: new Map()};
-                map2.set(character, frequencyData);
-            }
+        frequencyData.values.set(createMapKey([frequency, displayValue]), {frequency, displayValue});
+    }
 
-            frequencyData.values.set(this._createMapKey([frequency, displayValue]), {frequency, displayValue});
+    const results = [];
+    for (const [dictionary, map2] of map1.entries()) {
+        const frequencies = [];
+        for (const {term, reading, values} of map2.values()) {
+            frequencies.push({
+                term,
+                reading,
+                values: [...values.values()]
+            });
         }
-
-        const results = [];
-        for (const [dictionary, map2] of map1.entries()) {
-            const frequencies = [];
-            for (const {character, values} of map2.values()) {
-                frequencies.push({
-                    character,
-                    values: [...values.values()]
-                });
-            }
-            results.push({dictionary, frequencies});
-        }
-        return results;
+        results.push({dictionary, frequencies});
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
-     * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').DictionaryGroupedPronunciations[]}
-     */
-    static getGroupedPronunciations(dictionaryEntry) {
-        const {headwords, pronunciations: termPronunciations} = dictionaryEntry;
-
-        const allTerms = new Set();
-        const allReadings = new Set();
-        for (const {term, reading} of headwords) {
-            allTerms.add(term);
-            allReadings.add(reading);
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').KanjiFrequency[]} sourceFrequencies
+ * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').DictionaryFrequency<import('dictionary-data-util').KanjiFrequency>[]}
+ */
+export function groupKanjiFrequencies(sourceFrequencies) {
+    /** @type {import('dictionary-data-util').KanjiFrequenciesMap1} */
+    const map1 = new Map();
+    for (const {dictionary, character, frequency, displayValue} of sourceFrequencies) {
+        let map2 = map1.get(dictionary);
+        if (typeof map2 === 'undefined') {
+            map2 = new Map();
+            map1.set(dictionary, map2);
         }
 
-        /** @type {Map<string, import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciationInternal[]>} */
-        const groupedPronunciationsMap = new Map();
-        for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, pronunciations} of termPronunciations) {
-            const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-            let dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList = groupedPronunciationsMap.get(dictionary);
-            if (typeof dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList === 'undefined') {
-                dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList = [];
-                groupedPronunciationsMap.set(dictionary, dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList);
-            }
-            for (const pronunciation of pronunciations) {
-                let groupedPronunciation = this._findExistingGroupedPronunciation(reading, pronunciation, dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList);
-                if (groupedPronunciation === null) {
-                    groupedPronunciation = {
-                        pronunciation,
-                        terms: new Set(),
-                        reading
-                    };
-                    dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList.push(groupedPronunciation);
-                }
-                groupedPronunciation.terms.add(term);
-            }
+        let frequencyData = map2.get(character);
+        if (typeof frequencyData === 'undefined') {
+            frequencyData = {character, values: new Map()};
+            map2.set(character, frequencyData);
         }
 
-        /** @type {import('dictionary-data-util').DictionaryGroupedPronunciations[]} */
-        const results2 = [];
-        const multipleReadings = (allReadings.size > 1);
-        for (const [dictionary, dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList] of groupedPronunciationsMap.entries()) {
-            /** @type {import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciation[]} */
-            const pronunciations2 = [];
-            for (const groupedPronunciation of dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList) {
-                const {pronunciation, terms, reading} = groupedPronunciation;
-                const exclusiveTerms = !this._areSetsEqual(terms, allTerms) ? this._getSetIntersection(terms, allTerms) : [];
-                const exclusiveReadings = [];
-                if (multipleReadings) {
-                    exclusiveReadings.push(reading);
-                }
-                pronunciations2.push({
-                    pronunciation,
-                    terms: [...terms],
-                    reading,
-                    exclusiveTerms,
-                    exclusiveReadings
-                });
-            }
-
-            results2.push({dictionary, pronunciations: pronunciations2});
-        }
-        return results2;
+        frequencyData.values.set(createMapKey([frequency, displayValue]), {frequency, displayValue});
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @template {import('dictionary').PronunciationType} T
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Pronunciation[]} pronunciations
-     * @param {T} type
-     * @returns {import('dictionary').PronunciationGeneric<T>[]}
-     */
-    static getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, type) {
-        /** @type {import('dictionary').PronunciationGeneric<T>[]} */
-        const results = [];
-        for (const pronunciation of pronunciations) {
-            if (pronunciation.type !== type) { continue; }
-            // This is type safe, but for some reason the cast is needed.
-            results.push(/** @type {import('dictionary').PronunciationGeneric<T>} */ (pronunciation));
+    const results = [];
+    for (const [dictionary, map2] of map1.entries()) {
+        const frequencies = [];
+        for (const {character, values} of map2.values()) {
+            frequencies.push({
+                character,
+                values: [...values.values()]
+            });
         }
-        return results;
+        results.push({dictionary, frequencies});
     }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]|import('anki-templates').Tag[]} termTags
-     * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').TermFrequencyType}
-     */
-    static getTermFrequency(termTags) {
-        let totalScore = 0;
-        for (const {score} of termTags) {
-            totalScore += score;
-        }
-        if (totalScore > 0) {
-            return 'popular';
-        } else if (totalScore < 0) {
-            return 'rare';
-        } else {
-            return 'normal';
-        }
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermDictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
+ * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').DictionaryGroupedPronunciations[]}
+ */
+export function getGroupedPronunciations(dictionaryEntry) {
+    const {headwords, pronunciations: termPronunciations} = dictionaryEntry;
+
+    const allTerms = new Set();
+    const allReadings = new Set();
+    for (const {term, reading} of headwords) {
+        allTerms.add(term);
+        allReadings.add(reading);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').TermHeadword[]} headwords
-     * @param {number[]} headwordIndices
-     * @param {Set<string>} allTermsSet
-     * @param {Set<string>} allReadingsSet
-     * @returns {string[]}
-     */
-    static getDisambiguations(headwords, headwordIndices, allTermsSet, allReadingsSet) {
-        if (allTermsSet.size <= 1 && allReadingsSet.size <= 1) { return []; }
-
-        /** @type {Set<string>} */
-        const terms = new Set();
-        /** @type {Set<string>} */
-        const readings = new Set();
-        for (const headwordIndex of headwordIndices) {
-            const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-            terms.add(term);
-            readings.add(reading);
+    /** @type {Map<string, import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciationInternal[]>} */
+    const groupedPronunciationsMap = new Map();
+    for (const {headwordIndex, dictionary, pronunciations} of termPronunciations) {
+        const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
+        let dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList = groupedPronunciationsMap.get(dictionary);
+        if (typeof dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList === 'undefined') {
+            dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList = [];
+            groupedPronunciationsMap.set(dictionary, dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList);
         }
-
-        /** @type {string[]} */
-        const disambiguations = [];
-        const addTerms = !this._areSetsEqual(terms, allTermsSet);
-        const addReadings = !this._areSetsEqual(readings, allReadingsSet);
-        if (addTerms) {
-            disambiguations.push(...this._getSetIntersection(terms, allTermsSet));
-        }
-        if (addReadings) {
-            if (addTerms) {
-                for (const term of terms) {
-                    readings.delete(term);
-                }
+        for (const pronunciation of pronunciations) {
+            let groupedPronunciation = findExistingGroupedPronunciation(reading, pronunciation, dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList);
+            if (groupedPronunciation === null) {
+                groupedPronunciation = {
+                    pronunciation,
+                    terms: new Set(),
+                    reading
+                };
+                dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList.push(groupedPronunciation);
             }
-            disambiguations.push(...this._getSetIntersection(readings, allReadingsSet));
+            groupedPronunciation.terms.add(term);
         }
-        return disambiguations;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string[]} wordClasses
-     * @returns {boolean}
-     */
-    static isNonNounVerbOrAdjective(wordClasses) {
-        let isVerbOrAdjective = false;
-        let isSuruVerb = false;
-        let isNoun = false;
-        for (const wordClass of wordClasses) {
-            switch (wordClass) {
-                case 'v1':
-                case 'v5':
-                case 'vk':
-                case 'vz':
-                case 'adj-i':
-                    isVerbOrAdjective = true;
-                    break;
-                case 'vs':
-                    isVerbOrAdjective = true;
-                    isSuruVerb = true;
-                    // falls through
-                case 'n':
-                    isNoun = true;
-                    break;
+    /** @type {import('dictionary-data-util').DictionaryGroupedPronunciations[]} */
+    const results2 = [];
+    const multipleReadings = (allReadings.size > 1);
+    for (const [dictionary, dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList] of groupedPronunciationsMap.entries()) {
+        /** @type {import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciation[]} */
+        const pronunciations2 = [];
+        for (const groupedPronunciation of dictionaryGroupedPronunciationList) {
+            const {pronunciation, terms, reading} = groupedPronunciation;
+            const exclusiveTerms = !areSetsEqual(terms, allTerms) ? getSetIntersection(terms, allTerms) : [];
+            const exclusiveReadings = [];
+            if (multipleReadings) {
+                exclusiveReadings.push(reading);
             }
+            pronunciations2.push({
+                pronunciation,
+                terms: [...terms],
+                reading,
+                exclusiveTerms,
+                exclusiveReadings
+            });
         }
-        return isVerbOrAdjective && !(isSuruVerb && isNoun);
+
+        results2.push({dictionary, pronunciations: pronunciations2});
     }
+    return results2;
+}
 
-    // Private
+/**
+ * @template {import('dictionary').PronunciationType} T
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Pronunciation[]} pronunciations
+ * @param {T} type
+ * @returns {import('dictionary').PronunciationGeneric<T>[]}
+ */
+export function getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, type) {
+    /** @type {import('dictionary').PronunciationGeneric<T>[]} */
+    const results = [];
+    for (const pronunciation of pronunciations) {
+        if (pronunciation.type !== type) { continue; }
+        // This is type safe, but for some reason the cast is needed.
+        results.push(/** @type {import('dictionary').PronunciationGeneric<T>} */ (pronunciation));
+    }
+    return results;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} reading
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Pronunciation} pronunciation
-     * @param {import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciationInternal[]} groupedPronunciationList
-     * @returns {?import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciationInternal}
-     */
-    static _findExistingGroupedPronunciation(reading, pronunciation, groupedPronunciationList) {
-        const existingGroupedPronunciation = groupedPronunciationList.find((groupedPronunciation) => {
-            return groupedPronunciation.reading === reading && this._arePronunciationsEquivalent(groupedPronunciation, pronunciation);
-        });
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]|import('anki-templates').Tag[]} termTags
+ * @returns {import('dictionary-data-util').TermFrequencyType}
+ */
+export function getTermFrequency(termTags) {
+    let totalScore = 0;
+    for (const {score} of termTags) {
+        totalScore += score;
+    }
+    if (totalScore > 0) {
+        return 'popular';
+    } else if (totalScore < 0) {
+        return 'rare';
+    } else {
+        return 'normal';
+    }
+}
 
-        return existingGroupedPronunciation || null;
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').TermHeadword[]} headwords
+ * @param {number[]} headwordIndices
+ * @param {Set<string>} allTermsSet
+ * @param {Set<string>} allReadingsSet
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+export function getDisambiguations(headwords, headwordIndices, allTermsSet, allReadingsSet) {
+    if (allTermsSet.size <= 1 && allReadingsSet.size <= 1) { return []; }
+
+    /** @type {Set<string>} */
+    const terms = new Set();
+    /** @type {Set<string>} */
+    const readings = new Set();
+    for (const headwordIndex of headwordIndices) {
+        const {term, reading} = headwords[headwordIndex];
+        terms.add(term);
+        readings.add(reading);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciationInternal} groupedPronunciation
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Pronunciation} pronunciation2
-     * @returns {boolean}
-     */
-    static _arePronunciationsEquivalent({pronunciation: pronunciation1}, pronunciation2) {
-        if (
-            pronunciation1.type !== pronunciation2.type ||
-            !this._areTagListsEqual(pronunciation1.tags, pronunciation2.tags)
-        ) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        switch (pronunciation1.type) {
-            case 'pitch-accent':
-            {
-                // This cast is valid based on the type check at the start of the function.
-                const pitchAccent2 = /** @type {import('dictionary').PitchAccent} */ (pronunciation2);
-                return (
-                    pronunciation1.position === pitchAccent2.position &&
-                    this._areArraysEqual(pronunciation1.nasalPositions, pitchAccent2.nasalPositions) &&
-                    this._areArraysEqual(pronunciation1.devoicePositions, pitchAccent2.devoicePositions)
-                );
-            }
-            case 'phonetic-transcription':
-            {
-                // This cast is valid based on the type check at the start of the function.
-                const phoneticTranscription2 = /** @type {import('dictionary').PhoneticTranscription} */ (pronunciation2);
-                return pronunciation1.ipa === phoneticTranscription2.ipa;
+    /** @type {string[]} */
+    const disambiguations = [];
+    const addTerms = !areSetsEqual(terms, allTermsSet);
+    const addReadings = !areSetsEqual(readings, allReadingsSet);
+    if (addTerms) {
+        disambiguations.push(...getSetIntersection(terms, allTermsSet));
+    }
+    if (addReadings) {
+        if (addTerms) {
+            for (const term of terms) {
+                readings.delete(term);
             }
         }
-        return true;
+        disambiguations.push(...getSetIntersection(readings, allReadingsSet));
     }
+    return disambiguations;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @template [T=unknown]
-     * @param {T[]} array1
-     * @param {T[]} array2
-     * @returns {boolean}
-     */
-    static _areArraysEqual(array1, array2) {
-        const ii = array1.length;
-        if (ii !== array2.length) { return false; }
-        for (let i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
-            if (array1[i] !== array2[i]) { return false; }
+/**
+ * @param {string[]} wordClasses
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function isNonNounVerbOrAdjective(wordClasses) {
+    let isVerbOrAdjective = false;
+    let isSuruVerb = false;
+    let isNoun = false;
+    for (const wordClass of wordClasses) {
+        switch (wordClass) {
+            case 'v1':
+            case 'v5':
+            case 'vk':
+            case 'vz':
+            case 'adj-i':
+                isVerbOrAdjective = true;
+                break;
+            case 'vs':
+                isVerbOrAdjective = true;
+                isSuruVerb = true;
+                // falls through
+            case 'n':
+                isNoun = true;
+                break;
         }
-        return true;
     }
+    return isVerbOrAdjective && !(isSuruVerb && isNoun);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]} tagList1
-     * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]} tagList2
-     * @returns {boolean}
-     */
-    static _areTagListsEqual(tagList1, tagList2) {
-        const ii = tagList1.length;
-        if (tagList2.length !== ii) { return false; }
-
-        for (let i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
-            const tag1 = tagList1[i];
-            const tag2 = tagList2[i];
-            if (tag1.name !== tag2.name || !this._areArraysEqual(tag1.dictionaries, tag2.dictionaries)) {
-                return false;
-            }
+// Private
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} reading
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Pronunciation} pronunciation
+ * @param {import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciationInternal[]} groupedPronunciationList
+ * @returns {?import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciationInternal}
+ */
+function findExistingGroupedPronunciation(reading, pronunciation, groupedPronunciationList) {
+    const existingGroupedPronunciation = groupedPronunciationList.find((groupedPronunciation) => {
+        return groupedPronunciation.reading === reading && arePronunciationsEquivalent(groupedPronunciation, pronunciation);
+    });
+
+    return existingGroupedPronunciation || null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary-data-util').GroupedPronunciationInternal} groupedPronunciation
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Pronunciation} pronunciation2
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function arePronunciationsEquivalent({pronunciation: pronunciation1}, pronunciation2) {
+    if (
+        pronunciation1.type !== pronunciation2.type ||
+        !areTagListsEqual(pronunciation1.tags, pronunciation2.tags)
+    ) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    switch (pronunciation1.type) {
+        case 'pitch-accent':
+        {
+            // This cast is valid based on the type check at the start of the function.
+            const pitchAccent2 = /** @type {import('dictionary').PitchAccent} */ (pronunciation2);
+            return (
+                pronunciation1.position === pitchAccent2.position &&
+                areArraysEqual(pronunciation1.nasalPositions, pitchAccent2.nasalPositions) &&
+                areArraysEqual(pronunciation1.devoicePositions, pitchAccent2.devoicePositions)
+            );
+        }
+        case 'phonetic-transcription':
+        {
+            // This cast is valid based on the type check at the start of the function.
+            const phoneticTranscription2 = /** @type {import('dictionary').PhoneticTranscription} */ (pronunciation2);
+            return pronunciation1.ipa === phoneticTranscription2.ipa;
         }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
 
-        return true;
+/**
+ * @template [T=unknown]
+ * @param {T[]} array1
+ * @param {T[]} array2
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function areArraysEqual(array1, array2) {
+    const ii = array1.length;
+    if (ii !== array2.length) { return false; }
+    for (let i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
+        if (array1[i] !== array2[i]) { return false; }
     }
+    return true;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @template [T=unknown]
-     * @param {Set<T>} set1
-     * @param {Set<T>} set2
-     * @returns {boolean}
-     */
-    static _areSetsEqual(set1, set2) {
-        if (set1.size !== set2.size) {
+/**
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]} tagList1
+ * @param {import('dictionary').Tag[]} tagList2
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function areTagListsEqual(tagList1, tagList2) {
+    const ii = tagList1.length;
+    if (tagList2.length !== ii) { return false; }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
+        const tag1 = tagList1[i];
+        const tag2 = tagList2[i];
+        if (tag1.name !== tag2.name || !areArraysEqual(tag1.dictionaries, tag2.dictionaries)) {
             return false;
         }
+    }
 
-        for (const value of set1) {
-            if (!set2.has(value)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
+    return true;
+}
 
-        return true;
+/**
+ * @template [T=unknown]
+ * @param {Set<T>} set1
+ * @param {Set<T>} set2
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function areSetsEqual(set1, set2) {
+    if (set1.size !== set2.size) {
+        return false;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @template [T=unknown]
-     * @param {Set<T>} set1
-     * @param {Set<T>} set2
-     * @returns {T[]}
-     */
-    static _getSetIntersection(set1, set2) {
-        const result = [];
-        for (const value of set1) {
-            if (set2.has(value)) {
-                result.push(value);
-            }
+    for (const value of set1) {
+        if (!set2.has(value)) {
+            return false;
         }
-        return result;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param {unknown[]} array
-     * @returns {string}
-     */
-    static _createMapKey(array) {
-        return JSON.stringify(array);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @template [T=unknown]
+ * @param {Set<T>} set1
+ * @param {Set<T>} set2
+ * @returns {T[]}
+ */
+function getSetIntersection(set1, set2) {
+    const result = [];
+    for (const value of set1) {
+        if (set2.has(value)) {
+            result.push(value);
+        }
     }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {unknown[]} array
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function createMapKey(array) {
+    return JSON.stringify(array);
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-importer.js b/ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-importer.js
index 0feed8b2..eed7d9dd 100644
--- a/ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-importer.js
+++ b/ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-importer.js
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ import {
     ZipReader as ZipReader0,
     configure
 } from '../../lib/zip.js';
-import {stringReverse} from '../core/utilities.js';
 import {ExtensionError} from '../core/extension-error.js';
 import {parseJson} from '../core/json.js';
 import {toError} from '../core/to-error.js';
-import {MediaUtil} from '../media/media-util.js';
+import {stringReverse} from '../core/utilities.js';
+import {getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType, getImageMediaTypeFromFileName} from '../media/media-util.js';
 
 const ajvSchemas = /** @type {import('dictionary-importer').CompiledSchemaValidators} */ (/** @type {unknown} */ (ajvSchemas0));
 const BlobWriter = /** @type {typeof import('@zip.js/zip.js').BlobWriter} */ (/** @type {unknown} */ (BlobWriter0));
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ export class DictionaryImporter {
         // Check if already added
         let mediaData = media.get(path);
         if (typeof mediaData !== 'undefined') {
-            if (MediaUtil.getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaData.mediaType) === null) {
+            if (getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaData.mediaType) === null) {
                 throw createError('Media file is not a valid image');
             }
             return mediaData;
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ export class DictionaryImporter {
         // Load file content
         let content = await (await this._getData(file, new BlobWriter())).arrayBuffer();
 
-        const mediaType = MediaUtil.getImageMediaTypeFromFileName(path);
+        const mediaType = getImageMediaTypeFromFileName(path);
         if (mediaType === null) {
             throw createError('Could not determine media type for image');
         }
diff --git a/ext/js/display/display-anki.js b/ext/js/display/display-anki.js
index 5433142d..68d28d33 100644
--- a/ext/js/display/display-anki.js
+++ b/ext/js/display/display-anki.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {EventListenerCollection} from '../core/event-listener-collection.js';
 import {toError} from '../core/to-error.js';
 import {deferPromise} from '../core/utilities.js';
 import {AnkiNoteBuilder} from '../data/anki-note-builder.js';
-import {AnkiUtil} from '../data/anki-util.js';
+import {isNoteDataValid} from '../data/anki-util.js';
 import {PopupMenu} from '../dom/popup-menu.js';
 import {querySelectorNotNull} from '../dom/query-selector.js';
 import {TemplateRendererProxy} from '../templates/template-renderer-proxy.js';
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ export class DisplayAnki {
     _getAnkiNoteInfoForceValue(notes, canAdd) {
         const results = [];
         for (const note of notes) {
-            const valid = AnkiUtil.isNoteDataValid(note);
+            const valid = isNoteDataValid(note);
             results.push({canAdd, valid, noteIds: null});
         }
         return results;
diff --git a/ext/js/display/display-content-manager.js b/ext/js/display/display-content-manager.js
index d13dffb3..4465ce3e 100644
--- a/ext/js/display/display-content-manager.js
+++ b/ext/js/display/display-content-manager.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 
 import {EventListenerCollection} from '../core/event-listener-collection.js';
-import {ArrayBufferUtil} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
+import {base64ToArrayBuffer} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
 import {yomitan} from '../yomitan.js';
 
 /**
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ export class DisplayContentManager {
         const datas = await yomitan.api.getMedia([{path, dictionary}]);
         if (token === this._token && datas.length > 0) {
             const data = datas[0];
-            const buffer = ArrayBufferUtil.base64ToArrayBuffer(data.content);
+            const buffer = base64ToArrayBuffer(data.content);
             const blob = new Blob([buffer], {type: data.mediaType});
             const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
             return {data, url};
diff --git a/ext/js/display/display-generator.js b/ext/js/display/display-generator.js
index eef58bb0..01f6f38b 100644
--- a/ext/js/display/display-generator.js
+++ b/ext/js/display/display-generator.js
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@
 
 import {ExtensionError} from '../core/extension-error.js';
 import {isObject} from '../core/utilities.js';
-import {DictionaryDataUtil} from '../dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js';
+import {getDisambiguations, getGroupedPronunciations, getTermFrequency, groupKanjiFrequencies, groupTermFrequencies, groupTermTags, isNonNounVerbOrAdjective} from '../dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js';
 import {HtmlTemplateCollection} from '../dom/html-template-collection.js';
 import {distributeFurigana, getKanaMorae, getPitchCategory, isCodePointKanji, isStringPartiallyJapanese} from '../language/japanese.js';
 import {yomitan} from '../yomitan.js';
-import {PronunciationGenerator} from './sandbox/pronunciation-generator.js';
+import {createPronunciationDownstepPosition, createPronunciationGraph, createPronunciationText} from './sandbox/pronunciation-generator.js';
 import {StructuredContentGenerator} from './sandbox/structured-content-generator.js';
 
 export class DisplayGenerator {
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ export class DisplayGenerator {
         this._templates = new HtmlTemplateCollection();
         /** @type {StructuredContentGenerator} */
         this._structuredContentGenerator = new StructuredContentGenerator(this._contentManager, document);
-        /** @type {PronunciationGenerator} */
-        this._pronunciationGenerator = new PronunciationGenerator();
     }
 
     /** */
@@ -73,10 +71,10 @@ export class DisplayGenerator {
         const headwordTagsContainer = this._querySelector(node, '.headword-list-tag-list');
 
         const {headwords, type, inflectionRuleChainCandidates, definitions, frequencies, pronunciations} = dictionaryEntry;
-        const groupedPronunciations = DictionaryDataUtil.getGroupedPronunciations(dictionaryEntry);
+        const groupedPronunciations = getGroupedPronunciations(dictionaryEntry);
         const pronunciationCount = groupedPronunciations.reduce((i, v) => i + v.pronunciations.length, 0);
-        const groupedFrequencies = DictionaryDataUtil.groupTermFrequencies(dictionaryEntry);
-        const termTags = DictionaryDataUtil.groupTermTags(dictionaryEntry);
+        const groupedFrequencies = groupTermFrequencies(dictionaryEntry);
+        const termTags = groupTermTags(dictionaryEntry);
 
         /** @type {Set<string>} */
         const uniqueTerms = new Set();
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ export class DisplayGenerator {
         const dictionaryIndicesContainer = this._querySelector(node, '.kanji-dictionary-indices');
 
         this._setTextContent(glyphContainer, dictionaryEntry.character, 'ja');
-        const groupedFrequencies = DictionaryDataUtil.groupKanjiFrequencies(dictionaryEntry.frequencies);
+        const groupedFrequencies = groupKanjiFrequencies(dictionaryEntry.frequencies);
 
         const dictionaryTag = this._createDictionaryTag(dictionaryEntry.dictionary);
 
@@ -334,7 +332,7 @@ export class DisplayGenerator {
 
         node.dataset.isPrimary = `${isPrimaryAny}`;
         node.dataset.readingIsSame = `${reading === term}`;
-        node.dataset.frequency = DictionaryDataUtil.getTermFrequency(tags);
+        node.dataset.frequency = getTermFrequency(tags);
         node.dataset.matchTypes = [...matchTypes].join(' ');
         node.dataset.matchSources = [...matchSources].join(' ');
 
@@ -415,7 +413,7 @@ export class DisplayGenerator {
      */
     _createTermDefinition(definition, dictionaryTag, headwords, uniqueTerms, uniqueReadings) {
         const {dictionary, tags, headwordIndices, entries} = definition;
-        const disambiguations = DictionaryDataUtil.getDisambiguations(headwords, headwordIndices, uniqueTerms, uniqueReadings);
+        const disambiguations = getDisambiguations(headwords, headwordIndices, uniqueTerms, uniqueReadings);
 
         const node = this._instantiate('definition-item');
 
@@ -742,15 +740,15 @@ export class DisplayGenerator {
         this._createPronunciationDisambiguations(n, exclusiveTerms, exclusiveReadings);
 
         n = this._querySelector(node, '.pronunciation-downstep-notation-container');
-        n.appendChild(this._pronunciationGenerator.createPronunciationDownstepPosition(position));
+        n.appendChild(createPronunciationDownstepPosition(position));
 
         n = this._querySelector(node, '.pronunciation-text-container');
 
         n.lang = 'ja';
-        n.appendChild(this._pronunciationGenerator.createPronunciationText(morae, position, nasalPositions, devoicePositions));
+        n.appendChild(createPronunciationText(morae, position, nasalPositions, devoicePositions));
 
         n = this._querySelector(node, '.pronunciation-graph-container');
-        n.appendChild(this._pronunciationGenerator.createPronunciationGraph(morae, position));
+        n.appendChild(createPronunciationGraph(morae, position));
 
         return node;
     }
@@ -1040,7 +1038,7 @@ export class DisplayGenerator {
      */
     _getPronunciationCategories(reading, termPronunciations, wordClasses, headwordIndex) {
         if (termPronunciations.length === 0) { return null; }
-        const isVerbOrAdjective = DictionaryDataUtil.isNonNounVerbOrAdjective(wordClasses);
+        const isVerbOrAdjective = isNonNounVerbOrAdjective(wordClasses);
         /** @type {Set<import('japanese-util').PitchCategory>} */
         const categories = new Set();
         for (const termPronunciation of termPronunciations) {
diff --git a/ext/js/display/sandbox/pronunciation-generator.js b/ext/js/display/sandbox/pronunciation-generator.js
index 45631e74..373ec830 100644
--- a/ext/js/display/sandbox/pronunciation-generator.js
+++ b/ext/js/display/sandbox/pronunciation-generator.js
@@ -18,221 +18,219 @@
 
 import {getKanaDiacriticInfo, isMoraPitchHigh} from '../../language/japanese.js';
 
-export class PronunciationGenerator {
-    /**
-     * @param {string[]} morae
-     * @param {number} downstepPosition
-     * @param {number[]} nasalPositions
-     * @param {number[]} devoicePositions
-     * @returns {HTMLSpanElement}
-     */
-    createPronunciationText(morae, downstepPosition, nasalPositions, devoicePositions) {
-        const nasalPositionsSet = nasalPositions.length > 0 ? new Set(nasalPositions) : null;
-        const devoicePositionsSet = devoicePositions.length > 0 ? new Set(devoicePositions) : null;
-        const container = document.createElement('span');
-        container.className = 'pronunciation-text';
-        for (let i = 0, ii = morae.length; i < ii; ++i) {
-            const i1 = i + 1;
-            const mora = morae[i];
-            const highPitch = isMoraPitchHigh(i, downstepPosition);
-            const highPitchNext = isMoraPitchHigh(i1, downstepPosition);
-            const nasal = nasalPositionsSet !== null && nasalPositionsSet.has(i1);
-            const devoice = devoicePositionsSet !== null && devoicePositionsSet.has(i1);
-
-            const n1 = document.createElement('span');
-            n1.className = 'pronunciation-mora';
-            n1.dataset.position = `${i}`;
-            n1.dataset.pitch = highPitch ? 'high' : 'low';
-            n1.dataset.pitchNext = highPitchNext ? 'high' : 'low';
-
-            const characterNodes = [];
-            for (const character of mora) {
-                const n2 = document.createElement('span');
-                n2.className = 'pronunciation-character';
-                n2.textContent = character;
-                n1.appendChild(n2);
-                characterNodes.push(n2);
-            }
-
-            if (devoice) {
-                n1.dataset.devoice = 'true';
-                const n3 = document.createElement('span');
-                n3.className = 'pronunciation-devoice-indicator';
-                n1.appendChild(n3);
-            }
-            if (nasal && characterNodes.length > 0) {
-                n1.dataset.nasal = 'true';
-
-                const group = document.createElement('span');
-                group.className = 'pronunciation-character-group';
+/**
+ * @param {string[]} morae
+ * @param {number} downstepPosition
+ * @param {number[]} nasalPositions
+ * @param {number[]} devoicePositions
+ * @returns {HTMLSpanElement}
+ */
+export function createPronunciationText(morae, downstepPosition, nasalPositions, devoicePositions) {
+    const nasalPositionsSet = nasalPositions.length > 0 ? new Set(nasalPositions) : null;
+    const devoicePositionsSet = devoicePositions.length > 0 ? new Set(devoicePositions) : null;
+    const container = document.createElement('span');
+    container.className = 'pronunciation-text';
+    for (let i = 0, ii = morae.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+        const i1 = i + 1;
+        const mora = morae[i];
+        const highPitch = isMoraPitchHigh(i, downstepPosition);
+        const highPitchNext = isMoraPitchHigh(i1, downstepPosition);
+        const nasal = nasalPositionsSet !== null && nasalPositionsSet.has(i1);
+        const devoice = devoicePositionsSet !== null && devoicePositionsSet.has(i1);
 
-                const n2 = characterNodes[0];
-                const character = /** @type {string} */ (n2.textContent);
+        const n1 = document.createElement('span');
+        n1.className = 'pronunciation-mora';
+        n1.dataset.position = `${i}`;
+        n1.dataset.pitch = highPitch ? 'high' : 'low';
+        n1.dataset.pitchNext = highPitchNext ? 'high' : 'low';
+
+        const characterNodes = [];
+        for (const character of mora) {
+            const n2 = document.createElement('span');
+            n2.className = 'pronunciation-character';
+            n2.textContent = character;
+            n1.appendChild(n2);
+            characterNodes.push(n2);
+        }
 
-                const characterInfo = getKanaDiacriticInfo(character);
-                if (characterInfo !== null) {
-                    n1.dataset.originalText = mora;
-                    n2.dataset.originalText = character;
-                    n2.textContent = characterInfo.character;
-                }
+        if (devoice) {
+            n1.dataset.devoice = 'true';
+            const n3 = document.createElement('span');
+            n3.className = 'pronunciation-devoice-indicator';
+            n1.appendChild(n3);
+        }
+        if (nasal && characterNodes.length > 0) {
+            n1.dataset.nasal = 'true';
 
-                let n3 = document.createElement('span');
-                n3.className = 'pronunciation-nasal-diacritic';
-                n3.textContent = '\u309a'; // Combining handakuten
-                group.appendChild(n3);
+            const group = document.createElement('span');
+            group.className = 'pronunciation-character-group';
 
-                n3 = document.createElement('span');
-                n3.className = 'pronunciation-nasal-indicator';
-                group.appendChild(n3);
+            const n2 = characterNodes[0];
+            const character = /** @type {string} */ (n2.textContent);
 
-                /** @type {ParentNode} */ (n2.parentNode).replaceChild(group, n2);
-                group.insertBefore(n2, group.firstChild);
+            const characterInfo = getKanaDiacriticInfo(character);
+            if (characterInfo !== null) {
+                n1.dataset.originalText = mora;
+                n2.dataset.originalText = character;
+                n2.textContent = characterInfo.character;
             }
 
-            const line = document.createElement('span');
-            line.className = 'pronunciation-mora-line';
-            n1.appendChild(line);
+            let n3 = document.createElement('span');
+            n3.className = 'pronunciation-nasal-diacritic';
+            n3.textContent = '\u309a'; // Combining handakuten
+            group.appendChild(n3);
 
-            container.appendChild(n1);
-        }
-        return container;
-    }
+            n3 = document.createElement('span');
+            n3.className = 'pronunciation-nasal-indicator';
+            group.appendChild(n3);
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string[]} morae
-     * @param {number} downstepPosition
-     * @returns {SVGSVGElement}
-     */
-    createPronunciationGraph(morae, downstepPosition) {
-        const ii = morae.length;
-
-        const svgns = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg';
-        const svg = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'svg');
-        svg.setAttribute('xmlns', svgns);
-        svg.setAttribute('class', 'pronunciation-graph');
-        svg.setAttribute('focusable', 'false');
-        svg.setAttribute('viewBox', `0 0 ${50 * (ii + 1)} 100`);
-
-        if (ii <= 0) { return svg; }
-
-        const path1 = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'path');
-        svg.appendChild(path1);
-
-        const path2 = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'path');
-        svg.appendChild(path2);
-
-        const pathPoints = [];
-        for (let i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
-            const highPitch = isMoraPitchHigh(i, downstepPosition);
-            const highPitchNext = isMoraPitchHigh(i + 1, downstepPosition);
-            const x = i * 50 + 25;
-            const y = highPitch ? 25 : 75;
-            if (highPitch && !highPitchNext) {
-                this._addGraphDotDownstep(svg, svgns, x, y);
-            } else {
-                this._addGraphDot(svg, svgns, x, y);
-            }
-            pathPoints.push(`${x} ${y}`);
+            /** @type {ParentNode} */ (n2.parentNode).replaceChild(group, n2);
+            group.insertBefore(n2, group.firstChild);
         }
 
-        path1.setAttribute('class', 'pronunciation-graph-line');
-        path1.setAttribute('d', `M${pathPoints.join(' L')}`);
+        const line = document.createElement('span');
+        line.className = 'pronunciation-mora-line';
+        n1.appendChild(line);
+
+        container.appendChild(n1);
+    }
+    return container;
+}
 
-        pathPoints.splice(0, ii - 1);
-        {
-            const highPitch = isMoraPitchHigh(ii, downstepPosition);
-            const x = ii * 50 + 25;
-            const y = highPitch ? 25 : 75;
-            this._addGraphTriangle(svg, svgns, x, y);
-            pathPoints.push(`${x} ${y}`);
+/**
+ * @param {string[]} morae
+ * @param {number} downstepPosition
+ * @returns {SVGSVGElement}
+ */
+export function createPronunciationGraph(morae, downstepPosition) {
+    const ii = morae.length;
+
+    const svgns = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg';
+    const svg = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'svg');
+    svg.setAttribute('xmlns', svgns);
+    svg.setAttribute('class', 'pronunciation-graph');
+    svg.setAttribute('focusable', 'false');
+    svg.setAttribute('viewBox', `0 0 ${50 * (ii + 1)} 100`);
+
+    if (ii <= 0) { return svg; }
+
+    const path1 = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'path');
+    svg.appendChild(path1);
+
+    const path2 = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'path');
+    svg.appendChild(path2);
+
+    const pathPoints = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
+        const highPitch = isMoraPitchHigh(i, downstepPosition);
+        const highPitchNext = isMoraPitchHigh(i + 1, downstepPosition);
+        const x = i * 50 + 25;
+        const y = highPitch ? 25 : 75;
+        if (highPitch && !highPitchNext) {
+            addGraphDotDownstep(svg, svgns, x, y);
+        } else {
+            addGraphDot(svg, svgns, x, y);
         }
+        pathPoints.push(`${x} ${y}`);
+    }
 
-        path2.setAttribute('class', 'pronunciation-graph-line-tail');
-        path2.setAttribute('d', `M${pathPoints.join(' L')}`);
+    path1.setAttribute('class', 'pronunciation-graph-line');
+    path1.setAttribute('d', `M${pathPoints.join(' L')}`);
 
-        return svg;
+    pathPoints.splice(0, ii - 1);
+    {
+        const highPitch = isMoraPitchHigh(ii, downstepPosition);
+        const x = ii * 50 + 25;
+        const y = highPitch ? 25 : 75;
+        addGraphTriangle(svg, svgns, x, y);
+        pathPoints.push(`${x} ${y}`);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param {number} downstepPosition
-     * @returns {HTMLSpanElement}
-     */
-    createPronunciationDownstepPosition(downstepPosition) {
-        const downstepPositionString = `${downstepPosition}`;
+    path2.setAttribute('class', 'pronunciation-graph-line-tail');
+    path2.setAttribute('d', `M${pathPoints.join(' L')}`);
 
-        const n1 = document.createElement('span');
-        n1.className = 'pronunciation-downstep-notation';
-        n1.dataset.downstepPosition = downstepPositionString;
+    return svg;
+}
 
-        let n2 = document.createElement('span');
-        n2.className = 'pronunciation-downstep-notation-prefix';
-        n2.textContent = '[';
-        n1.appendChild(n2);
+/**
+ * @param {number} downstepPosition
+ * @returns {HTMLSpanElement}
+ */
+export function createPronunciationDownstepPosition(downstepPosition) {
+    const downstepPositionString = `${downstepPosition}`;
 
-        n2 = document.createElement('span');
-        n2.className = 'pronunciation-downstep-notation-number';
-        n2.textContent = downstepPositionString;
-        n1.appendChild(n2);
+    const n1 = document.createElement('span');
+    n1.className = 'pronunciation-downstep-notation';
+    n1.dataset.downstepPosition = downstepPositionString;
 
-        n2 = document.createElement('span');
-        n2.className = 'pronunciation-downstep-notation-suffix';
-        n2.textContent = ']';
-        n1.appendChild(n2);
+    let n2 = document.createElement('span');
+    n2.className = 'pronunciation-downstep-notation-prefix';
+    n2.textContent = '[';
+    n1.appendChild(n2);
 
-        return n1;
-    }
+    n2 = document.createElement('span');
+    n2.className = 'pronunciation-downstep-notation-number';
+    n2.textContent = downstepPositionString;
+    n1.appendChild(n2);
 
-    // Private
+    n2 = document.createElement('span');
+    n2.className = 'pronunciation-downstep-notation-suffix';
+    n2.textContent = ']';
+    n1.appendChild(n2);
 
-    /**
-     * @param {Element} container
-     * @param {string} svgns
-     * @param {number} x
-     * @param {number} y
-     */
-    _addGraphDot(container, svgns, x, y) {
-        container.appendChild(this._createGraphCircle(svgns, 'pronunciation-graph-dot', x, y, '15'));
-    }
+    return n1;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {Element} container
-     * @param {string} svgns
-     * @param {number} x
-     * @param {number} y
-     */
-    _addGraphDotDownstep(container, svgns, x, y) {
-        container.appendChild(this._createGraphCircle(svgns, 'pronunciation-graph-dot-downstep1', x, y, '15'));
-        container.appendChild(this._createGraphCircle(svgns, 'pronunciation-graph-dot-downstep2', x, y, '5'));
-    }
+// Private
 
-    /**
-     * @param {Element} container
-     * @param {string} svgns
-     * @param {number} x
-     * @param {number} y
-     */
-    _addGraphTriangle(container, svgns, x, y) {
-        const node = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'path');
-        node.setAttribute('class', 'pronunciation-graph-triangle');
-        node.setAttribute('d', 'M0 13 L15 -13 L-15 -13 Z');
-        node.setAttribute('transform', `translate(${x},${y})`);
-        container.appendChild(node);
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {Element} container
+ * @param {string} svgns
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @param {number} y
+ */
+function addGraphDot(container, svgns, x, y) {
+    container.appendChild(createGraphCircle(svgns, 'pronunciation-graph-dot', x, y, '15'));
+}
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} svgns
-     * @param {string} className
-     * @param {number} x
-     * @param {number} y
-     * @param {string} radius
-     * @returns {Element}
-     */
-    _createGraphCircle(svgns, className, x, y, radius) {
-        const node = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'circle');
-        node.setAttribute('class', className);
-        node.setAttribute('cx', `${x}`);
-        node.setAttribute('cy', `${y}`);
-        node.setAttribute('r', radius);
-        return node;
-    }
+/**
+ * @param {Element} container
+ * @param {string} svgns
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @param {number} y
+ */
+function addGraphDotDownstep(container, svgns, x, y) {
+    container.appendChild(createGraphCircle(svgns, 'pronunciation-graph-dot-downstep1', x, y, '15'));
+    container.appendChild(createGraphCircle(svgns, 'pronunciation-graph-dot-downstep2', x, y, '5'));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Element} container
+ * @param {string} svgns
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @param {number} y
+ */
+function addGraphTriangle(container, svgns, x, y) {
+    const node = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'path');
+    node.setAttribute('class', 'pronunciation-graph-triangle');
+    node.setAttribute('d', 'M0 13 L15 -13 L-15 -13 Z');
+    node.setAttribute('transform', `translate(${x},${y})`);
+    container.appendChild(node);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} svgns
+ * @param {string} className
+ * @param {number} x
+ * @param {number} y
+ * @param {string} radius
+ * @returns {Element}
+ */
+function createGraphCircle(svgns, className, x, y, radius) {
+    const node = document.createElementNS(svgns, 'circle');
+    node.setAttribute('class', className);
+    node.setAttribute('cx', `${x}`);
+    node.setAttribute('cy', `${y}`);
+    node.setAttribute('r', radius);
+    return node;
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/dom/dom-text-scanner.js b/ext/js/dom/dom-text-scanner.js
index d605aeca..5caa32f7 100644
--- a/ext/js/dom/dom-text-scanner.js
+++ b/ext/js/dom/dom-text-scanner.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-import {StringUtil} from '../data/sandbox/string-util.js';
+import {readCodePointsBackward, readCodePointsForward} from '../data/sandbox/string-util.js';
 
 /**
  * A class used to scan text in a document.
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export class DOMTextScanner {
         if (resetOffset) { this._offset = 0; }
 
         while (this._offset < nodeValueLength) {
-            const char = StringUtil.readCodePointsForward(nodeValue, this._offset, 1);
+            const char = readCodePointsForward(nodeValue, this._offset, 1);
             this._offset += char.length;
             const charAttributes = DOMTextScanner.getCharacterAttributes(char, preserveNewlines, preserveWhitespace);
             if (this._checkCharacterForward(char, charAttributes)) { break; }
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ export class DOMTextScanner {
         if (resetOffset) { this._offset = nodeValueLength; }
 
         while (this._offset > 0) {
-            const char = StringUtil.readCodePointsBackward(nodeValue, this._offset - 1, 1);
+            const char = readCodePointsBackward(nodeValue, this._offset - 1, 1);
             this._offset -= char.length;
             const charAttributes = DOMTextScanner.getCharacterAttributes(char, preserveNewlines, preserveWhitespace);
             if (this._checkCharacterBackward(char, charAttributes)) { break; }
diff --git a/ext/js/dom/text-source-element.js b/ext/js/dom/text-source-element.js
index 477295e6..8727a4e1 100644
--- a/ext/js/dom/text-source-element.js
+++ b/ext/js/dom/text-source-element.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-import {StringUtil} from '../data/sandbox/string-util.js';
+import {readCodePointsBackward, readCodePointsForward} from '../data/sandbox/string-util.js';
 import {DocumentUtil} from './document-util.js';
 
 /**
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export class TextSourceElement {
         const offset = fromEnd ? this._endOffset : this._startOffset;
         length = Math.min(this._fullContent.length - offset, length);
         if (length > 0) {
-            length = StringUtil.readCodePointsForward(this._fullContent, offset, length).length;
+            length = readCodePointsForward(this._fullContent, offset, length).length;
         }
         this._endOffset = offset + length;
         this._content = this._fullContent.substring(this._startOffset, this._endOffset);
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ export class TextSourceElement {
     setStartOffset(length) {
         length = Math.min(this._startOffset, length);
         if (length > 0) {
-            length = StringUtil.readCodePointsBackward(this._fullContent, this._startOffset - 1, length).length;
+            length = readCodePointsBackward(this._fullContent, this._startOffset - 1, length).length;
         }
         this._startOffset -= length;
         this._content = this._fullContent.substring(this._startOffset, this._endOffset);
diff --git a/ext/js/general/regex-util.js b/ext/js/general/regex-util.js
index 301b1fcf..f6eca3b6 100644
--- a/ext/js/general/regex-util.js
+++ b/ext/js/general/regex-util.js
@@ -16,82 +16,76 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
+/** @type {RegExp} @readonly */
+const matchReplacementPattern = /\$(?:\$|&|`|'|(\d\d?)|<([^>]*)>)/g;
 
 /**
- * This class provides some general utility functions for regular expressions.
+ * Applies string.replace using a regular expression and replacement string as arguments.
+ * A source map of the changes is also maintained.
+ * @param {string} text A string of the text to replace.
+ * @param {import('./text-source-map.js').TextSourceMap} sourceMap An instance of `TextSourceMap` which corresponds to `text`.
+ * @param {RegExp} pattern A regular expression to use as the replacement.
+ * @param {string} replacement A replacement string that follows the format of the standard
+ *   JavaScript regular expression replacement string.
+ * @returns {string} A new string with the pattern replacements applied and the source map updated.
  */
-export class RegexUtil {
-    /** @type {RegExp} @readonly */
-    static _matchReplacementPattern = /\$(?:\$|&|`|'|(\d\d?)|<([^>]*)>)/g;
+export function applyTextReplacement(text, sourceMap, pattern, replacement) {
+    const isGlobal = pattern.global;
+    if (isGlobal) { pattern.lastIndex = 0; }
+    for (let loop = true; loop; loop = isGlobal) {
+        const match = pattern.exec(text);
+        if (match === null) { break; }
 
-    /**
-     * Applies string.replace using a regular expression and replacement string as arguments.
-     * A source map of the changes is also maintained.
-     * @param {string} text A string of the text to replace.
-     * @param {import('./text-source-map.js').TextSourceMap} sourceMap An instance of `TextSourceMap` which corresponds to `text`.
-     * @param {RegExp} pattern A regular expression to use as the replacement.
-     * @param {string} replacement A replacement string that follows the format of the standard
-     *   JavaScript regular expression replacement string.
-     * @returns {string} A new string with the pattern replacements applied and the source map updated.
-     */
-    static applyTextReplacement(text, sourceMap, pattern, replacement) {
-        const isGlobal = pattern.global;
-        if (isGlobal) { pattern.lastIndex = 0; }
-        for (let loop = true; loop; loop = isGlobal) {
-            const match = pattern.exec(text);
-            if (match === null) { break; }
+        const matchText = match[0];
+        const index = match.index;
+        const actualReplacement = applyMatchReplacement(replacement, match);
+        const actualReplacementLength = actualReplacement.length;
+        const delta = actualReplacementLength - (matchText.length > 0 ? matchText.length : -1);
 
-            const matchText = match[0];
-            const index = match.index;
-            const actualReplacement = this.applyMatchReplacement(replacement, match);
-            const actualReplacementLength = actualReplacement.length;
-            const delta = actualReplacementLength - (matchText.length > 0 ? matchText.length : -1);
+        text = `${text.substring(0, index)}${actualReplacement}${text.substring(index + matchText.length)}`;
+        pattern.lastIndex += delta;
 
-            text = `${text.substring(0, index)}${actualReplacement}${text.substring(index + matchText.length)}`;
-            pattern.lastIndex += delta;
-
-            if (actualReplacementLength > 0) {
-                sourceMap.insert(index, ...(new Array(actualReplacementLength).fill(0)));
-                sourceMap.combine(index - 1 + actualReplacementLength, matchText.length);
-            } else {
-                sourceMap.combine(index, matchText.length);
-            }
+        if (actualReplacementLength > 0) {
+            sourceMap.insert(index, ...(new Array(actualReplacementLength).fill(0)));
+            sourceMap.combine(index - 1 + actualReplacementLength, matchText.length);
+        } else {
+            sourceMap.combine(index, matchText.length);
         }
-        return text;
     }
+    return text;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Applies the replacement string for a given regular expression match.
-     * @param {string} replacement The replacement string that follows the format of the standard
-     *   JavaScript regular expression replacement string.
-     * @param {RegExpMatchArray} match A match object returned from RegExp.match.
-     * @returns {string} A new string with the pattern replacement applied.
-     */
-    static applyMatchReplacement(replacement, match) {
-        const pattern = this._matchReplacementPattern;
-        pattern.lastIndex = 0;
-        return replacement.replace(pattern, (g0, g1, g2) => {
-            if (typeof g1 !== 'undefined') {
-                const matchIndex = Number.parseInt(g1, 10);
-                if (matchIndex >= 1 && matchIndex <= match.length) {
-                    return match[matchIndex];
-                }
-            } else if (typeof g2 !== 'undefined') {
-                const {groups} = match;
-                if (typeof groups === 'object' && groups !== null && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(groups, g2)) {
-                    return groups[g2];
-                }
-            } else {
-                let {index} = match;
-                if (typeof index !== 'number') { index = 0; }
-                switch (g0) {
-                    case '$': return '$';
-                    case '&': return match[0];
-                    case '`': return replacement.substring(0, index);
-                    case '\'': return replacement.substring(index + g0.length);
-                }
+/**
+ * Applies the replacement string for a given regular expression match.
+ * @param {string} replacement The replacement string that follows the format of the standard
+ *   JavaScript regular expression replacement string.
+ * @param {RegExpMatchArray} match A match object returned from RegExp.match.
+ * @returns {string} A new string with the pattern replacement applied.
+ */
+export function applyMatchReplacement(replacement, match) {
+    const pattern = matchReplacementPattern;
+    pattern.lastIndex = 0;
+    return replacement.replace(pattern, (g0, g1, g2) => {
+        if (typeof g1 !== 'undefined') {
+            const matchIndex = Number.parseInt(g1, 10);
+            if (matchIndex >= 1 && matchIndex <= match.length) {
+                return match[matchIndex];
             }
-            return g0;
-        });
-    }
+        } else if (typeof g2 !== 'undefined') {
+            const {groups} = match;
+            if (typeof groups === 'object' && groups !== null && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(groups, g2)) {
+                return groups[g2];
+            }
+        } else {
+            let {index} = match;
+            if (typeof index !== 'number') { index = 0; }
+            switch (g0) {
+                case '$': return '$';
+                case '&': return match[0];
+                case '`': return replacement.substring(0, index);
+                case '\'': return replacement.substring(index + g0.length);
+            }
+        }
+        return g0;
+    });
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/language/translator.js b/ext/js/language/translator.js
index 9d2f18e0..334eb5b7 100644
--- a/ext/js/language/translator.js
+++ b/ext/js/language/translator.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-import {RegexUtil} from '../general/regex-util.js';
+import {applyTextReplacement} from '../general/regex-util.js';
 import {TextSourceMap} from '../general/text-source-map.js';
 import {convertAlphabeticToKana} from './japanese-wanakana.js';
 import {collapseEmphaticSequences, convertHalfWidthKanaToFullWidth, convertHiraganaToKatakana, convertKatakanaToHiragana, convertNumericToFullWidth, isCodePointJapanese} from './japanese.js';
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ export class Translator {
      */
     _applyTextReplacements(text, sourceMap, replacements) {
         for (const {pattern, replacement} of replacements) {
-            text = RegexUtil.applyTextReplacement(text, sourceMap, pattern, replacement);
+            text = applyTextReplacement(text, sourceMap, pattern, replacement);
         }
         return text;
     }
diff --git a/ext/js/media/audio-downloader.js b/ext/js/media/audio-downloader.js
index b4f63b96..968c9353 100644
--- a/ext/js/media/audio-downloader.js
+++ b/ext/js/media/audio-downloader.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {RequestBuilder} from '../background/request-builder.js';
 import {ExtensionError} from '../core/extension-error.js';
 import {readResponseJson} from '../core/json.js';
 import {JsonSchema} from '../data/json-schema.js';
-import {ArrayBufferUtil} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
+import {arrayBufferToBase64} from '../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
 import {NativeSimpleDOMParser} from '../dom/native-simple-dom-parser.js';
 import {SimpleDOMParser} from '../dom/simple-dom-parser.js';
 import {isStringEntirelyKana} from '../language/japanese.js';
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ export class AudioDownloader {
             throw new Error('Could not retrieve audio');
         }
 
-        const data = ArrayBufferUtil.arrayBufferToBase64(arrayBuffer);
+        const data = arrayBufferToBase64(arrayBuffer);
         const contentType = response.headers.get('Content-Type');
         return {data, contentType};
     }
diff --git a/ext/js/media/media-util.js b/ext/js/media/media-util.js
index 1f9f2d0b..3e492e42 100644
--- a/ext/js/media/media-util.js
+++ b/ext/js/media/media-util.js
@@ -17,119 +17,114 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * MediaUtil is a class containing helper methods related to media processing.
+ * Gets the file extension of a file path. URL search queries and hash
+ * fragments are not handled.
+ * @param {string} path The path to the file.
+ * @returns {string} The file extension, including the '.', or an empty string
+ *   if there is no file extension.
  */
-export class MediaUtil {
-    /**
-     * Gets the file extension of a file path. URL search queries and hash
-     * fragments are not handled.
-     * @param {string} path The path to the file.
-     * @returns {string} The file extension, including the '.', or an empty string
-     *   if there is no file extension.
-     */
-    static getFileNameExtension(path) {
-        const match = /\.[^./\\]*$/.exec(path);
-        return match !== null ? match[0] : '';
-    }
+export function getFileNameExtension(path) {
+    const match = /\.[^./\\]*$/.exec(path);
+    return match !== null ? match[0] : '';
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Gets an image file's media type using a file path.
-     * @param {string} path The path to the file.
-     * @returns {?string} The media type string if it can be determined from the file path,
-     *   otherwise `null`.
-     */
-    static getImageMediaTypeFromFileName(path) {
-        switch (this.getFileNameExtension(path).toLowerCase()) {
-            case '.apng':
-                return 'image/apng';
-            case '.bmp':
-                return 'image/bmp';
-            case '.gif':
-                return 'image/gif';
-            case '.ico':
-            case '.cur':
-                return 'image/x-icon';
-            case '.jpg':
-            case '.jpeg':
-            case '.jfif':
-            case '.pjpeg':
-            case '.pjp':
-                return 'image/jpeg';
-            case '.png':
-                return 'image/png';
-            case '.svg':
-                return 'image/svg+xml';
-            case '.tif':
-            case '.tiff':
-                return 'image/tiff';
-            case '.webp':
-                return 'image/webp';
-            default:
-                return null;
-        }
+/**
+ * Gets an image file's media type using a file path.
+ * @param {string} path The path to the file.
+ * @returns {?string} The media type string if it can be determined from the file path,
+ *   otherwise `null`.
+ */
+export function getImageMediaTypeFromFileName(path) {
+    switch (getFileNameExtension(path).toLowerCase()) {
+        case '.apng':
+            return 'image/apng';
+        case '.bmp':
+            return 'image/bmp';
+        case '.gif':
+            return 'image/gif';
+        case '.ico':
+        case '.cur':
+            return 'image/x-icon';
+        case '.jpg':
+        case '.jpeg':
+        case '.jfif':
+        case '.pjpeg':
+        case '.pjp':
+            return 'image/jpeg';
+        case '.png':
+            return 'image/png';
+        case '.svg':
+            return 'image/svg+xml';
+        case '.tif':
+        case '.tiff':
+            return 'image/tiff';
+        case '.webp':
+            return 'image/webp';
+        default:
+            return null;
     }
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the file extension for a corresponding media type.
-     * @param {string} mediaType The media type to use.
-     * @returns {?string} A file extension including the dot for the media type,
-     *   otherwise `null`.
-     */
-    static getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaType) {
-        switch (mediaType) {
-            case 'image/apng':
-                return '.apng';
-            case 'image/bmp':
-                return '.bmp';
-            case 'image/gif':
-                return '.gif';
-            case 'image/x-icon':
-                return '.ico';
-            case 'image/jpeg':
-                return '.jpeg';
-            case 'image/png':
-                return '.png';
-            case 'image/svg+xml':
-                return '.svg';
-            case 'image/tiff':
-                return '.tiff';
-            case 'image/webp':
-                return '.webp';
-            default:
-                return null;
-        }
+/**
+ * Gets the file extension for a corresponding media type.
+ * @param {string} mediaType The media type to use.
+ * @returns {?string} A file extension including the dot for the media type,
+ *   otherwise `null`.
+ */
+export function getFileExtensionFromImageMediaType(mediaType) {
+    switch (mediaType) {
+        case 'image/apng':
+            return '.apng';
+        case 'image/bmp':
+            return '.bmp';
+        case 'image/gif':
+            return '.gif';
+        case 'image/x-icon':
+            return '.ico';
+        case 'image/jpeg':
+            return '.jpeg';
+        case 'image/png':
+            return '.png';
+        case 'image/svg+xml':
+            return '.svg';
+        case 'image/tiff':
+            return '.tiff';
+        case 'image/webp':
+            return '.webp';
+        default:
+            return null;
     }
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Gets the file extension for a corresponding media type.
-     * @param {string} mediaType The media type to use.
-     * @returns {?string} A file extension including the dot for the media type,
-     *   otherwise `null`.
-     */
-    static getFileExtensionFromAudioMediaType(mediaType) {
-        switch (mediaType) {
-            case 'audio/aac':
-                return '.aac';
-            case 'audio/mpeg':
-            case 'audio/mp3':
-                return '.mp3';
-            case 'audio/mp4':
-                return '.mp4';
-            case 'audio/ogg':
-            case 'audio/vorbis':
-                return '.ogg';
-            case 'audio/vnd.wav':
-            case 'audio/wave':
-            case 'audio/wav':
-            case 'audio/x-wav':
-            case 'audio/x-pn-wav':
-                return '.wav';
-            case 'audio/flac':
-                return '.flac';
-            case 'audio/webm':
-                return '.webm';
-            default:
-                return null;
-        }
+/**
+ * Gets the file extension for a corresponding media type.
+ * @param {string} mediaType The media type to use.
+ * @returns {?string} A file extension including the dot for the media type,
+ *   otherwise `null`.
+ */
+export function getFileExtensionFromAudioMediaType(mediaType) {
+    switch (mediaType) {
+        case 'audio/aac':
+            return '.aac';
+        case 'audio/mpeg':
+        case 'audio/mp3':
+            return '.mp3';
+        case 'audio/mp4':
+            return '.mp4';
+        case 'audio/ogg':
+        case 'audio/vorbis':
+            return '.ogg';
+        case 'audio/vnd.wav':
+        case 'audio/wave':
+        case 'audio/wav':
+        case 'audio/x-wav':
+        case 'audio/x-pn-wav':
+            return '.wav';
+        case 'audio/flac':
+            return '.flac';
+        case 'audio/webm':
+            return '.webm';
+        default:
+            return null;
     }
 }
diff --git a/ext/js/pages/action-popup-main.js b/ext/js/pages/action-popup-main.js
index b978d989..86201e83 100644
--- a/ext/js/pages/action-popup-main.js
+++ b/ext/js/pages/action-popup-main.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-import {PermissionsUtil} from '../data/permissions-util.js';
+import {getAllPermissions, hasRequiredPermissionsForOptions} from '../data/permissions-util.js';
 import {querySelectorNotNull} from '../dom/query-selector.js';
 import {HotkeyHelpController} from '../input/hotkey-help-controller.js';
 import {yomitan} from '../yomitan.js';
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ class DisplayController {
     constructor() {
         /** @type {?import('settings').Options} */
         this._optionsFull = null;
-        /** @type {PermissionsUtil} */
-        this._permissionsUtil = new PermissionsUtil();
     }
 
     /** */
@@ -286,8 +284,8 @@ class DisplayController {
      * @param {import('settings').ProfileOptions} options
      */
     async _updatePermissionsWarnings(options) {
-        const permissions = await this._permissionsUtil.getAllPermissions();
-        if (this._permissionsUtil.hasRequiredPermissionsForOptions(permissions, options)) { return; }
+        const permissions = await getAllPermissions();
+        if (hasRequiredPermissionsForOptions(permissions, options)) { return; }
 
         const warnings = /** @type {NodeListOf<HTMLElement>} */ (document.querySelectorAll('.action-open-permissions,.permissions-required-warning'));
         for (const node of warnings) {
diff --git a/ext/js/pages/settings/anki-controller.js b/ext/js/pages/settings/anki-controller.js
index d1faf491..09ab3c03 100644
--- a/ext/js/pages/settings/anki-controller.js
+++ b/ext/js/pages/settings/anki-controller.js
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ import {EventListenerCollection} from '../../core/event-listener-collection.js';
 import {ExtensionError} from '../../core/extension-error.js';
 import {log} from '../../core/logger.js';
 import {toError} from '../../core/to-error.js';
-import {AnkiUtil} from '../../data/anki-util.js';
+import {stringContainsAnyFieldMarker} from '../../data/anki-util.js';
+import {getRequiredPermissionsForAnkiFieldValue, hasPermissions, setPermissionsGranted} from '../../data/permissions-util.js';
 import {querySelectorNotNull} from '../../dom/query-selector.js';
 import {SelectorObserver} from '../../dom/selector-observer.js';
 import {ObjectPropertyAccessor} from '../../general/object-property-accessor.js';
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ export class AnkiController {
      * @returns {string[]}
      */
     getRequiredPermissions(fieldValue) {
-        return this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.getRequiredPermissionsForAnkiFieldValue(fieldValue);
+        return getRequiredPermissionsForAnkiFieldValue(fieldValue);
     }
 
     // Private
@@ -738,7 +739,7 @@ class AnkiCardController {
      */
     _validateField(node, index) {
         let valid = (node.dataset.hasPermissions !== 'false');
-        if (valid && index === 0 && !AnkiUtil.stringContainsAnyFieldMarker(node.value)) {
+        if (valid && index === 0 && !stringContainsAnyFieldMarker(node.value)) {
             valid = false;
         }
         node.dataset.invalid = `${!valid}`;
@@ -936,7 +937,7 @@ class AnkiCardController {
      */
     async _requestPermissions(permissions) {
         try {
-            await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.setPermissionsGranted({permissions}, true);
+            await setPermissionsGranted({permissions}, true);
         } catch (e) {
             log.error(e);
         }
@@ -952,12 +953,12 @@ class AnkiCardController {
         const permissions = this._ankiController.getRequiredPermissions(fieldValue);
         if (permissions.length > 0) {
             node.dataset.requiredPermission = permissions.join(' ');
-            const hasPermissions = await (
+            const hasPermissions2 = await (
                 request ?
-                this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.setPermissionsGranted({permissions}, true) :
-                this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.hasPermissions({permissions})
+                setPermissionsGranted({permissions}, true) :
+                hasPermissions({permissions})
             );
-            node.dataset.hasPermissions = `${hasPermissions}`;
+            node.dataset.hasPermissions = `${hasPermissions2}`;
         } else {
             delete node.dataset.requiredPermission;
             delete node.dataset.hasPermissions;
@@ -977,15 +978,15 @@ class AnkiCardController {
             if (typeof requiredPermission !== 'string') { continue; }
             const requiredPermissionArray = (requiredPermission.length === 0 ? [] : requiredPermission.split(' '));
 
-            let hasPermissions = true;
+            let hasPermissions2 = true;
             for (const permission of requiredPermissionArray) {
                 if (!permissionsSet.has(permission)) {
-                    hasPermissions = false;
+                    hasPermissions2 = false;
                     break;
                 }
             }
 
-            inputField.dataset.hasPermissions = `${hasPermissions}`;
+            inputField.dataset.hasPermissions = `${hasPermissions2}`;
             this._validateField(inputField, i);
         }
     }
diff --git a/ext/js/pages/settings/backup-controller.js b/ext/js/pages/settings/backup-controller.js
index f2eccd1e..053cc96b 100644
--- a/ext/js/pages/settings/backup-controller.js
+++ b/ext/js/pages/settings/backup-controller.js
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ import {log} from '../../core/logger.js';
 import {toError} from '../../core/to-error.js';
 import {isObject} from '../../core/utilities.js';
 import {OptionsUtil} from '../../data/options-util.js';
-import {ArrayBufferUtil} from '../../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
+import {getAllPermissions} from '../../data/permissions-util.js';
+import {arrayBufferUtf8Decode} from '../../data/sandbox/array-buffer-util.js';
 import {querySelectorNotNull} from '../../dom/query-selector.js';
 import {yomitan} from '../../yomitan.js';
 import {DictionaryController} from './dictionary-controller.js';
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ export class BackupController {
         const optionsFull = await this._settingsController.getOptionsFull();
         const environment = await yomitan.api.getEnvironmentInfo();
         const fieldTemplatesDefault = await yomitan.api.getDefaultAnkiFieldTemplates();
-        const permissions = await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.getAllPermissions();
+        const permissions = await getAllPermissions();
 
         // Format options
         for (const {options} of optionsFull.profiles) {
@@ -425,7 +426,7 @@ export class BackupController {
     async _importSettingsFile(file) {
         if (this._optionsUtil === null) { throw new Error('OptionsUtil invalid'); }
 
-        const dataString = ArrayBufferUtil.arrayBufferUtf8Decode(await this._readFileArrayBuffer(file));
+        const dataString = arrayBufferUtf8Decode(await this._readFileArrayBuffer(file));
         /** @type {import('backup-controller').BackupData} */
         const data = parseJson(dataString);
 
diff --git a/ext/js/pages/settings/permissions-origin-controller.js b/ext/js/pages/settings/permissions-origin-controller.js
index a0f23af6..9447e3cc 100644
--- a/ext/js/pages/settings/permissions-origin-controller.js
+++ b/ext/js/pages/settings/permissions-origin-controller.js
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import {EventListenerCollection} from '../../core/event-listener-collection.js';
 import {toError} from '../../core/to-error.js';
+import {getAllPermissions, setPermissionsGranted} from '../../data/permissions-util.js';
 import {querySelectorNotNull} from '../../dom/query-selector.js';
 
 export class PermissionsOriginController {
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ export class PermissionsOriginController {
 
     /** */
     async _updatePermissions() {
-        const permissions = await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.getAllPermissions();
+        const permissions = await getAllPermissions();
         this._onPermissionsChanged({permissions});
     }
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ export class PermissionsOriginController {
     async _setOriginPermissionEnabled(origin, enabled) {
         let added = false;
         try {
-            added = await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.setPermissionsGranted({origins: [origin]}, enabled);
+            added = await setPermissionsGranted({origins: [origin]}, enabled);
         } catch (e) {
             const errorContainer = /** @type {HTMLElement} */ (this._errorContainer);
             errorContainer.hidden = false;
diff --git a/ext/js/pages/settings/permissions-toggle-controller.js b/ext/js/pages/settings/permissions-toggle-controller.js
index c775aa12..25204dce 100644
--- a/ext/js/pages/settings/permissions-toggle-controller.js
+++ b/ext/js/pages/settings/permissions-toggle-controller.js
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
+import {getAllPermissions, hasPermissions, setPermissionsGranted} from '../../data/permissions-util.js';
 import {ObjectPropertyAccessor} from '../../general/object-property-accessor.js';
 
 export class PermissionsToggleController {
@@ -85,11 +86,11 @@ export class PermissionsToggleController {
             toggle.checked = valuePre;
             const permissions = this._getRequiredPermissions(toggle);
             try {
-                value = await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.setPermissionsGranted({permissions}, value);
+                value = await setPermissionsGranted({permissions}, value);
             } catch (error) {
                 value = valuePre;
                 try {
-                    value = await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.hasPermissions({permissions});
+                    value = await hasPermissions({permissions});
                 } catch (error2) {
                     // NOP
                 }
@@ -111,13 +112,13 @@ export class PermissionsToggleController {
         const permissionsSet = new Set(typeof permissions2 !== 'undefined' ? permissions2 : []);
         for (const toggle of /** @type {NodeListOf<HTMLInputElement>} */ (this._toggles)) {
             const {permissionsSetting} = toggle.dataset;
-            const hasPermissions = this._hasAll(permissionsSet, this._getRequiredPermissions(toggle));
+            const hasPermissions2 = this._hasAll(permissionsSet, this._getRequiredPermissions(toggle));
 
             if (typeof permissionsSetting === 'string') {
-                const valid = !toggle.checked || hasPermissions;
+                const valid = !toggle.checked || hasPermissions2;
                 this._setToggleValid(toggle, valid);
             } else {
-                toggle.checked = hasPermissions;
+                toggle.checked = hasPermissions2;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ export class PermissionsToggleController {
 
     /** */
     async _updateValidity() {
-        const permissions = await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.getAllPermissions();
+        const permissions = await getAllPermissions();
         this._onPermissionsChanged({permissions});
     }
 
diff --git a/ext/js/pages/settings/recommended-permissions-controller.js b/ext/js/pages/settings/recommended-permissions-controller.js
index 84a4ef10..b7bb1ea8 100644
--- a/ext/js/pages/settings/recommended-permissions-controller.js
+++ b/ext/js/pages/settings/recommended-permissions-controller.js
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import {EventListenerCollection} from '../../core/event-listener-collection.js';
 import {toError} from '../../core/to-error.js';
+import {getAllPermissions, setPermissionsGranted} from '../../data/permissions-util.js';
 
 export class RecommendedPermissionsController {
     /**
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ export class RecommendedPermissionsController {
 
     /** */
     async _updatePermissions() {
-        const permissions = await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.getAllPermissions();
+        const permissions = await getAllPermissions();
         this._onPermissionsChanged({permissions});
     }
 
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ export class RecommendedPermissionsController {
     async _setOriginPermissionEnabled(origin, enabled) {
         let added = false;
         try {
-            added = await this._settingsController.permissionsUtil.setPermissionsGranted({origins: [origin]}, enabled);
+            added = await setPermissionsGranted({origins: [origin]}, enabled);
         } catch (e) {
             if (this._errorContainer !== null) {
                 this._errorContainer.hidden = false;
diff --git a/ext/js/pages/settings/settings-controller.js b/ext/js/pages/settings/settings-controller.js
index 25f5e8ad..49fa9c9e 100644
--- a/ext/js/pages/settings/settings-controller.js
+++ b/ext/js/pages/settings/settings-controller.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {EventDispatcher} from '../../core/event-dispatcher.js';
 import {EventListenerCollection} from '../../core/event-listener-collection.js';
 import {generateId, isObject} from '../../core/utilities.js';
 import {OptionsUtil} from '../../data/options-util.js';
-import {PermissionsUtil} from '../../data/permissions-util.js';
+import {getAllPermissions} from '../../data/permissions-util.js';
 import {HtmlTemplateCollection} from '../../dom/html-template-collection.js';
 import {yomitan} from '../../yomitan.js';
 
@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ export class SettingsController extends EventDispatcher {
         /** @type {HtmlTemplateCollection} */
         this._templates = new HtmlTemplateCollection();
         this._templates.load(document);
-        /** @type {PermissionsUtil} */
-        this._permissionsUtil = new PermissionsUtil();
     }
 
     /** @type {string} */
@@ -60,11 +58,6 @@ export class SettingsController extends EventDispatcher {
         this._setProfileIndex(value, true);
     }
 
-    /** @type {PermissionsUtil} */
-    get permissionsUtil() {
-        return this._permissionsUtil;
-    }
-
     /** */
     async prepare() {
         yomitan.on('optionsUpdated', this._onOptionsUpdated.bind(this));
@@ -338,7 +331,7 @@ export class SettingsController extends EventDispatcher {
         const eventName = 'permissionsChanged';
         if (!this.hasListeners(eventName)) { return; }
 
-        const permissions = await this._permissionsUtil.getAllPermissions();
+        const permissions = await getAllPermissions();
         this.trigger(eventName, {permissions});
     }
 
diff --git a/ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer-content-manager.js b/ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer-content-manager.js
index 932b6ab7..664746bf 100644
--- a/ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer-content-manager.js
+++ b/ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer-content-manager.js
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ export class AnkiTemplateRendererContentManager {
      * Creates a new instance of the class.
      * @param {import('./template-renderer-media-provider.js').TemplateRendererMediaProvider} mediaProvider The media provider for the object.
      * @param {import('anki-templates').NoteData} data The data object passed to the Handlebars template renderer.
-     *   See AnkiNoteDataCreator.create's return value for structure information.
      */
     constructor(mediaProvider, data) {
         /** @type {import('./template-renderer-media-provider.js').TemplateRendererMediaProvider} */
diff --git a/ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer.js b/ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer.js
index 52087336..26d3f336 100644
--- a/ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer.js
+++ b/ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer.js
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
  */
 
 import {Handlebars} from '../../../lib/handlebars.js';
-import {AnkiNoteDataCreator} from '../../data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js';
-import {DictionaryDataUtil} from '../../dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js';
-import {PronunciationGenerator} from '../../display/sandbox/pronunciation-generator.js';
+import {createAnkiNoteData} from '../../data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js';
+import {getPronunciationsOfType, isNonNounVerbOrAdjective} from '../../dictionary/dictionary-data-util.js';
+import {createPronunciationDownstepPosition, createPronunciationGraph, createPronunciationText} from '../../display/sandbox/pronunciation-generator.js';
 import {StructuredContentGenerator} from '../../display/sandbox/structured-content-generator.js';
 import {CssStyleApplier} from '../../dom/sandbox/css-style-applier.js';
 import {convertHiraganaToKatakana, convertKatakanaToHiragana, distributeFurigana, getKanaMorae, getPitchCategory, isMoraPitchHigh} from '../../language/japanese.js';
@@ -44,12 +44,8 @@ export class AnkiTemplateRenderer {
         this._structuredContentDatasetKeyIgnorePattern = /^sc([^a-z]|$)/;
         /** @type {TemplateRenderer} */
         this._templateRenderer = new TemplateRenderer();
-        /** @type {AnkiNoteDataCreator} */
-        this._ankiNoteDataCreator = new AnkiNoteDataCreator();
         /** @type {TemplateRendererMediaProvider} */
         this._mediaProvider = new TemplateRendererMediaProvider();
-        /** @type {PronunciationGenerator} */
-        this._pronunciationGenerator = new PronunciationGenerator();
         /** @type {?(Map<string, unknown>[])} */
         this._stateStack = null;
         /** @type {?import('anki-note-builder').Requirement[]} */
@@ -104,7 +100,7 @@ export class AnkiTemplateRenderer {
         ]);
         /* eslint-enable no-multi-spaces */
         this._templateRenderer.registerDataType('ankiNote', {
-            modifier: ({marker, commonData}) => this._ankiNoteDataCreator.create(marker, commonData),
+            modifier: ({marker, commonData}) => createAnkiNoteData(marker, commonData),
             composeData: ({marker}, commonData) => ({marker, commonData})
         });
         this._templateRenderer.setRenderCallbacks(
@@ -550,8 +546,8 @@ export class AnkiTemplateRenderer {
         const categories = new Set();
         for (const {headwordIndex, pronunciations} of termPronunciations) {
             const {reading, wordClasses} = headwords[headwordIndex];
-            const isVerbOrAdjective = DictionaryDataUtil.isNonNounVerbOrAdjective(wordClasses);
-            const pitches = DictionaryDataUtil.getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, 'pitch-accent');
+            const isVerbOrAdjective = isNonNounVerbOrAdjective(wordClasses);
+            const pitches = getPronunciationsOfType(pronunciations, 'pitch-accent');
             for (const {position} of pitches) {
                 const category = getPitchCategory(reading, position, isVerbOrAdjective);
                 if (category !== null) {
@@ -737,11 +733,11 @@ export class AnkiTemplateRenderer {
 
         switch (format) {
             case 'text':
-                return this._getPronunciationHtml(this._pronunciationGenerator.createPronunciationText(morae, downstepPosition, nasalPositions, devoicePositions));
+                return this._getPronunciationHtml(createPronunciationText(morae, downstepPosition, nasalPositions, devoicePositions));
             case 'graph':
-                return this._getPronunciationHtml(this._pronunciationGenerator.createPronunciationGraph(morae, downstepPosition));
+                return this._getPronunciationHtml(createPronunciationGraph(morae, downstepPosition));
             case 'position':
-                return this._getPronunciationHtml(this._pronunciationGenerator.createPronunciationDownstepPosition(downstepPosition));
+                return this._getPronunciationHtml(createPronunciationDownstepPosition(downstepPosition));
             default:
                 return '';
         }
diff --git a/test/dictionary-data.test.js b/test/dictionary-data.test.js
index 438e1e97..9f8ba6f0 100644
--- a/test/dictionary-data.test.js
+++ b/test/dictionary-data.test.js
@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@ describe('Dictionary data', () => {
         expected3: expectedResults3[i]
     }));
     describe.each(testCases)('Test %#: $data.name', ({data, expected1, expected2, expected3}) => {
-        test('Test', async ({translator, ankiNoteDataCreator, expect}) => {
+        test('Test', async ({window, translator, expect}) => {
+            // The window property needs to be referenced for it to be initialized.
+            // It is needed for DOM access for structured content.
+            void window;
             switch (data.func) {
                 case 'findTerms':
                     {
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ describe('Dictionary data', () => {
                         const options = createFindOptions(dictionaryName, optionsPresets, data.options);
                         const {dictionaryEntries, originalTextLength} = await translator.findTerms(mode, text, options);
                         const renderResults = mode !== 'simple' ? await getTemplateRenderResults(dictionaryEntries, 'terms', mode, template, expect) : null;
-                        const noteDataList = mode !== 'simple' ? dictionaryEntries.map((dictionaryEntry) => createTestAnkiNoteData(ankiNoteDataCreator, dictionaryEntry, mode)) : null;
+                        const noteDataList = mode !== 'simple' ? dictionaryEntries.map((dictionaryEntry) => createTestAnkiNoteData(dictionaryEntry, mode)) : null;
                         expect.soft(originalTextLength).toStrictEqual(expected1.originalTextLength);
                         expect.soft(dictionaryEntries).toStrictEqual(expected1.dictionaryEntries);
                         expect.soft(noteDataList).toEqual(expected2.noteDataList);
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ describe('Dictionary data', () => {
                         const options = createFindOptions(dictionaryName, optionsPresets, data.options);
                         const dictionaryEntries = await translator.findKanji(text, options);
                         const renderResults = await getTemplateRenderResults(dictionaryEntries, 'kanji', 'split', template, expect);
-                        const noteDataList = dictionaryEntries.map((dictionaryEntry) => createTestAnkiNoteData(ankiNoteDataCreator, dictionaryEntry, 'split'));
+                        const noteDataList = dictionaryEntries.map((dictionaryEntry) => createTestAnkiNoteData(dictionaryEntry, 'split'));
                         expect.soft(dictionaryEntries).toStrictEqual(expected1.dictionaryEntries);
                         expect.soft(noteDataList).toEqual(expected2.noteDataList);
                         expect.soft(renderResults).toStrictEqual(expected3.results);
diff --git a/test/dictionary-data.write.js b/test/dictionary-data.write.js
index bdf635c8..d88bd3cd 100644
--- a/test/dictionary-data.write.js
+++ b/test/dictionary-data.write.js
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
 const dictionaryName = 'Test Dictionary 2';
 const test = await createTranslatorTest(void 0, path.join(dirname, 'data/dictionaries/valid-dictionary1'), dictionaryName);
 
-test('Write dictionary data expected data', async ({translator, ankiNoteDataCreator, expect}) => {
+test('Write dictionary data expected data', async ({translator, expect}) => {
     const testInputsFilePath = path.join(dirname, 'data/translator-test-inputs.json');
     /** @type {import('test/translator').TranslatorTestInputs} */
     const {optionsPresets, tests} = parseJson(readFileSync(testInputsFilePath, {encoding: 'utf8'}));
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test('Write dictionary data expected data', async ({translator, ankiNoteDataCrea
                     const options = createFindOptions(dictionaryName, optionsPresets, data.options);
                     const {dictionaryEntries, originalTextLength} = await translator.findTerms(mode, text, options);
                     const renderResults = mode !== 'simple' ? await getTemplateRenderResults(dictionaryEntries, 'terms', mode, template, null) : null;
-                    const noteDataList = mode !== 'simple' ? dictionaryEntries.map((dictionaryEntry) => createTestAnkiNoteData(ankiNoteDataCreator, dictionaryEntry, mode)) : null;
+                    const noteDataList = mode !== 'simple' ? dictionaryEntries.map((dictionaryEntry) => createTestAnkiNoteData(dictionaryEntry, mode)) : null;
                     actualResults1.push({name, originalTextLength, dictionaryEntries});
                     actualResults2.push({name, noteDataList});
                     actualResults3.push({name, results: renderResults});
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ test('Write dictionary data expected data', async ({translator, ankiNoteDataCrea
                     const options = createFindOptions(dictionaryName, optionsPresets, data.options);
                     const dictionaryEntries = await translator.findKanji(text, options);
                     const renderResults = await getTemplateRenderResults(dictionaryEntries, 'kanji', 'split', template, null);
-                    const noteDataList = dictionaryEntries.map((dictionaryEntry) => createTestAnkiNoteData(ankiNoteDataCreator, dictionaryEntry, 'split'));
+                    const noteDataList = dictionaryEntries.map((dictionaryEntry) => createTestAnkiNoteData(dictionaryEntry, 'split'));
                     actualResults1.push({name, dictionaryEntries});
                     actualResults2.push({name, noteDataList});
                     actualResults3.push({name, results: renderResults});
diff --git a/test/fixtures/translator-test.js b/test/fixtures/translator-test.js
index 58247b70..d1b3de8b 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/translator-test.js
+++ b/test/fixtures/translator-test.js
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import {dirname, join} from 'path';
 import {expect, vi} from 'vitest';
 import {parseJson} from '../../dev/json.js';
 import {createDictionaryArchive} from '../../dev/util.js';
-import {AnkiNoteDataCreator} from '../../ext/js/data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js';
 import {DictionaryDatabase} from '../../ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-database.js';
 import {DictionaryImporter} from '../../ext/js/dictionary/dictionary-importer.js';
 import {Translator} from '../../ext/js/language/translator.js';
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ vi.stubGlobal('chrome', chrome);
 /**
  * @param {string} dictionaryDirectory
  * @param {string} dictionaryName
- * @returns {Promise<{translator: Translator, ankiNoteDataCreator: AnkiNoteDataCreator}>}
+ * @returns {Promise<Translator>}
  */
 async function createTranslatorContext(dictionaryDirectory, dictionaryName) {
     // Dictionary
@@ -69,31 +68,23 @@ async function createTranslatorContext(dictionaryDirectory, dictionaryName) {
     const deinflectionReasons = parseJson(readFileSync(languageTransformDescriptorPath, {encoding: 'utf8'}));
     translator.prepare(deinflectionReasons);
 
-    // Assign properties
-    const ankiNoteDataCreator = new AnkiNoteDataCreator();
-    return {translator, ankiNoteDataCreator};
+    return translator;
 }
 
 /**
  * @param {string|undefined} htmlFilePath
  * @param {string} dictionaryDirectory
  * @param {string} dictionaryName
- * @returns {Promise<import('vitest').TestAPI<{window: import('jsdom').DOMWindow, translator: Translator, ankiNoteDataCreator: AnkiNoteDataCreator}>>}
+ * @returns {Promise<import('vitest').TestAPI<{window: import('jsdom').DOMWindow, translator: Translator}>>}
  */
 export async function createTranslatorTest(htmlFilePath, dictionaryDirectory, dictionaryName) {
     const test = createDomTest(htmlFilePath);
-    const {translator, ankiNoteDataCreator} = await createTranslatorContext(dictionaryDirectory, dictionaryName);
-    /** @type {import('vitest').TestAPI<{window: import('jsdom').DOMWindow, translator: Translator, ankiNoteDataCreator: AnkiNoteDataCreator}>} */
+    const translator = await createTranslatorContext(dictionaryDirectory, dictionaryName);
+    /** @type {import('vitest').TestAPI<{window: import('jsdom').DOMWindow, translator: Translator}>} */
     const result = test.extend({
         window: async ({window}, use) => { await use(window); },
         // eslint-disable-next-line no-empty-pattern
-        translator: async ({}, use) => { await use(translator); },
-        ankiNoteDataCreator: async ({window}, use) => {
-            // The window property needs to be referenced for it to be initialized.
-            // It is needed for DOM access for structured content.
-            void window;
-            await use(ankiNoteDataCreator);
-        }
+        translator: async ({}, use) => { await use(translator); }
     });
     return result;
 }
diff --git a/test/profile-conditions-util.test.js b/test/profile-conditions-util.test.js
index 7af5f223..fcd53939 100644
--- a/test/profile-conditions-util.test.js
+++ b/test/profile-conditions-util.test.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  */
 
 import {describe, expect, test} from 'vitest';
-import {ProfileConditionsUtil} from '../ext/js/background/profile-conditions-util.js';
+import {createSchema, normalizeContext} from '../ext/js/background/profile-conditions-util.js';
 
 /** */
 function testNormalizeContext() {
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ function testNormalizeContext() {
         ];
 
         test.each(data)('normalize-context-test-%#', ({context, expected}) => {
-            const profileConditionsUtil = new ProfileConditionsUtil();
-            const actual = profileConditionsUtil.normalizeContext(context);
+            const actual = normalizeContext(context);
             expect(actual).toStrictEqual(expected);
         });
     });
@@ -1101,14 +1100,13 @@ function testSchemas() {
         /* eslint-enable no-multi-spaces */
 
         test.each(data)('schemas-test-%#', ({conditionGroups, expectedSchema, inputs}) => {
-            const profileConditionsUtil = new ProfileConditionsUtil();
-            const schema = profileConditionsUtil.createSchema(conditionGroups);
+            const schema = createSchema(conditionGroups);
             if (typeof expectedSchema !== 'undefined') {
                 expect(schema.schema).toStrictEqual(expectedSchema);
             }
             if (Array.isArray(inputs)) {
                 for (const {expected, context} of inputs) {
-                    const normalizedContext = profileConditionsUtil.normalizeContext(context);
+                    const normalizedContext = normalizeContext(context);
                     const actual = schema.isValid(normalizedContext);
                     expect(actual).toStrictEqual(expected);
                 }
diff --git a/test/utilities/anki.js b/test/utilities/anki.js
index e30d578f..69f4ce8b 100644
--- a/test/utilities/anki.js
+++ b/test/utilities/anki.js
@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@
  */
 
 import {AnkiNoteBuilder} from '../../ext/js/data/anki-note-builder.js';
+import {createAnkiNoteData} from '../../ext/js/data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js';
 import {AnkiTemplateRenderer} from '../../ext/js/templates/sandbox/anki-template-renderer.js';
 
 /**
- * @param {import('../../ext/js/data/sandbox/anki-note-data-creator.js').AnkiNoteDataCreator} ankiNoteDataCreator
  * @param {import('dictionary').DictionaryEntry} dictionaryEntry
  * @param {import('settings').ResultOutputMode} mode
  * @returns {import('anki-templates').NoteData}
  * @throws {Error}
  */
-export function createTestAnkiNoteData(ankiNoteDataCreator, dictionaryEntry, mode) {
+export function createTestAnkiNoteData(dictionaryEntry, mode) {
     const marker = '{marker}';
     /** @type {import('anki-templates-internal').CreateDetails} */
     const data = {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export function createTestAnkiNoteData(ankiNoteDataCreator, dictionaryEntry, mod
         },
         media: {}
     };
-    return ankiNoteDataCreator.create(marker, data);
+    return createAnkiNoteData(marker, data);
 }
 
 /**